Constructing a Practice-Oriented Education System of Urban-Rural Planning

As China's urbanization accelerates, there is an increasing demand for urban-rural planning at both national and local levels, making it become an independent fi rst-level discipline. Currently in China, the teaching and research system of urban-rural planning is facing some problems like the uneven education level among various universities, improper knowledge system that hardly meets the actual social demands, and insufficient theoretical research. This article argues that, in order to train qualif ied planners capable of satisfying socio-economic development and urbanrural construction, the teaching and research system of urban-rural planning should be practice-oriented and meet social needs. The healthy development of urban-rural planning discipline should be based on the mutual promotion of teaching and research system.

Formation Mechanism of Poor Settlements in Lanzhou City

Clarifying the formation mechanism of poor settlements is the " pathological" basis for urban regeneration and poverty governance.On the basis of scientific determination of 155 poor settlements in Lanzhou City,this paper classified their types and analyzed the characteristics of their quantity distribution and density distribution. From the perspective of spatial and social interaction,and combined the internal factors and external factors,this paper put forward the formation mechanism of poor settlements,namely,superposition of unit society collapse and physical environment degradation,interaction between differentiation of residents' income and reform of housing institution,interweaving between urban discontinuous planning and jumping construction,coupling between passive urbanization and active urbanization,and derivation of lagged economic development and unique regional culture.

Site selection of self-driving and recreational vehicle camps in China:An investigation using analytic hierarchy process and entropy

Self-driving and recreational vehicle(RV)camps are a new form of industry module with the integration of transportation and tourism in China,thus the scientific and reasonable site selection plays an important role in the success of camps’construction and operation.In terms of relying resources and development factors,camps can be divided into five categories:scenic-spot-based,transportation-based,environment-based,project-based and leisure and vacation-based.According to whether it is of excludability and competitiveness,the camps in China mainly embody the attribute of private products.Based on the combination of subjective evaluation and objective calculation,the evaluation model of spatial site selection is constructed and the weight of each index is calculated by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method and entropy coefficient method.The results show that traffic condition factor is the priority to the selection of campsite,and whether it is on the popular main self-driving route and the grade of trunk roads are the dominant indices.The second factor taken into consideration is the social factors,in which government policy supports and land cost play a key role.The third factor is the market,in which the urban economic level,partnership with the government and tourist resource conditionsare of great importance.The fourth factor of the campsite selection includes natural elements,in which the quality of ecological environment and water source conditions are mostly considered.In the future,it is suggested that a camp pattern of"public goods"plus"private goods"should be built and the construction of camps in underdeveloped areas should be highly developed so as to form camp spatial network from individual points to a series of campsite and finally the campsite group in China will be set up.

Transformation of Urban Design from the Perspective of Society-Space Relationship

The New Urban Agenda approved at Habitat III – The United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development in 2016, promises to achieve the urban transition toward sustainability in response to future challenges facing cities worldwide. In the current context of new urbanization in China, urban development is experiencing a transition from incremental development to regeneration. In order to realize people-oriented objectives, planners need to gain scientific understanding of urban development and grasp the basic concepts of urban design and value orientation, so that they can shape spaces that meet diverse needs, achieve social inclusion and enhance the quality of urban life. The purpose of this paper is to reiterate the importance of studying urban development from the "society-space" perspective and the concern about its values in urban design. The paper analyzes and discusses the characteristics of urban development and changes in social needs that appear in the practice of urban design from the perspective of society-space relationship. In addition, it emphasizes the spatial-temporal characteristics and value orientation in the development of urban design theory and practice. Considering China's current urban background, the paper also argues that the current transformation of urban design practice needs to be guided by theories on human settlements and reinforce three important aspects of urban design characteristics and values: seeking truth from science, seeking kindness in humanities, and seeking beauty through art.

Overview on Chinese Historic Conservation Areas and Countermeasures:Technical Analysis Based on the Application Materials of the First Chinese Historic Conservation Areas

This paper establishes two sample databases: a full sample database and a small sample database through data organization and selection on the basis of the application materials of the first Chinese historic conservation areas. Adopting both quantitative and qualitative analytical research methodologies, the paper obtains the status quo of Chinese historic conservation areas and the recently designated historic conservation areas. Based on the data analysis and the overall survey of Chinese historic cities in 2011, it proposes countermeasures for improving the protection of historic conservation areas in the future.

The Implications of Population Decline and Fiscal Austerity on Public Nature:Insights From the Evolution of Urban Park Management System in Japan

Facing challenges of population decline and fiscal austerity,Japan has implemented a series of initiatives to promote public-private partnerships(PPP)to ensure the sustainability of urban parks and revitalize urban spaces.These initiatives,while alleviating the government’s financial burdens on parks,have also raised concerns about the potential erosion of publicness and public interests resulted from the commercialization of public assets.This paper reviews the evolution of Japan’s urban park management system after World War II—including three phases of being purely public goods,initiating marketization,and diversifying management entities.The functions of parks have continuously enriched,and the construction,management,and operational modes have shifted from government-led towards multi-stakeholder participation,along with expanded funding sources.By examining the PPP types,driving forces,implementation mechanisms and challenges in urban park management,this paper points out that,in different eras and social contexts,the Japanese government has kept adjusting its role to maximize public interests.This has proactively updated the implications of publicness in infrastructure like urban parks,from a post-war opposite of publicness versus privateness on ownership,to the participation of private capital for a higher efficiency,and finally to a community for a stronger regional competitiveness.The reforms of urban park management system in Japan offer significant lessons and insights for urban infrastructure management in other countries and regions.

Exploring the Inclusive Potential of Pet Parks From the Perspective of Spatial Justice:Hong Kong’s Experience and Implications

As social and economic dynamics continue to evolve and the demand for companionship increases,pet ownership has become an increasingly popular lifestyle choice.Pet parks,as a new form of urban public space,are gaining significant attention.This study,grounded in the theory of spatial justice,employs a combination of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to evaluate four representative pet parks in Hong Kong,China.It explores how pet parks,as inclusive green infrastructure in high-density environments,contribute to urban community well-being and broader spatial justice.The study reveals the conflicts between pet owners and non-pet owners regarding the rights to use public spaces,examining how to guarantee the spatial rights of specific groups while avoiding harm to others.The findings indicate that green space availability,sociability and participation,walkability,safety,and flexibility in pet parks play a positive role in achieving urban spatial justice.However,pet parks also face challenges related to social exclusion and safety,requiring a balance between promoting community integration and ensuring public safety.This study offers valuable insights for the development of pet parks,the creation of vibrant and diverse public spaces,and the promotion of harmonious human-animal environments in cities across China and other Asian countries.

面向实践的生态城市规划路径--评《生态城市实践指引》

A Practical Guide to Eco-City Author:Yan Wentao Year:2021Publisher:China Architecture&Building Press ISBN:9787112255344(284 pages,in Chinese)After the industrial revolution,mankind has gained unprecedented ability to transform nature and gradually gathered in cities,which also brought about the disorderly urban sprawl and energy resource consumption.

Envisioning Landscape Justice:Interdisciplinary Dialogue,Collaboration,and Exploration

As an extension of environmental justice,landscape justice emphasizes achieving inclusive and equitable planning and design in both built and natural environments,allowing different social groups to enjoy and share landscape resources and benefits more equally.By endowing landscape design with a“just”orientation,landscape justice significantly improves the spatial and environmental benefits while promotes the process of environmental justice.Landscape justice is characterized by its interdisciplinary nature,showing great variability in spatio-temporal scales,site dimensions and attributes,and social groups and scenarios,the research of which urgently requires in-depth dialogues,sincere collaborations,and active explorations among multiple disciplines.We call for enriching the connotation of landscape justice through interdisciplinary perspectives and addressing practical issues,to provide innovative spatial propositions and paths for creating sustainable urban environments and landscapes.

香港老年人流动性的影响因素:对长者友好交通服务的启示

Numerous cities are undergoing the ageing of populations.Developing a transport system that incorporates mobility needs,preferences,and demands of elderly people is crucial to such a demographic shift.Understanding the travel behavior and characteristics of elderly people is the first and foremost step towards this goal.In stark contrast with Western car-dominant places,numerous East Asian modern cities(e.g.,Hong Kong,Beijing,and Shanghai)have high levels of public transportation use.Experience gained from existing studies in the West cannot be applied to Hong Kong,a typical transit-dependent city.In light of this,based on the 2011 Travel Characteristic Survey data and Poisson and negative binomial regression models,this study identifies factors that significantly affect the number of daily trips taken by(or trip frequency of)elderly people in Hong Kong.The paper finds that both socio-demographic(e.g.,age and housing type)and built environment characteristics significantly affect the trip number of elderly people.Interestingly,it is determined that car availability does not play a significant role in the trip generation process,but public transportation accessibility truly matters.This outcome remarkably differs from findings in Western car-dominant cities.Moreover,to discern whether the elderly are a homogenous group,this study estimates separate models for the young elderly(aged between 60 and 74)and the very old(aged 75 or above).It is observed that the effect of public transportation accessibility on elderly mobility varies among elderly subgroups:public transportation accessibility significantly affects the trip frequency of the young elderly,but not that of the very old.Finally,a multitude of policy measures with the aim of upgrading elderly mobility is proposed.

基于熵值法的老年人公交满意度分析

Population aging is happening in many places,such as on the Chinese mainland and in Hong Kong.Hong Kong,with the second-highest percentage of older adults in Asia,is among the world’s fastest-aging societies.Moreover,the city has very high transit patronage:transit trips constitute approximately 90%of all trips.Given the significance of transit in Hong Kong,improving transit services for older adults is of substantial importance.In light of this,based on the data of transit satisfaction(or perception)collected by a questionnaire survey in March 2015(N=613),this study adopts the entropy weight method to determine the importance weights of an array of transit service quality attributes(e.g.,seat availability and travel stability).Then,it performs an index-based importance-satisfaction(I-S)analysis using the outcome of the previous step as a basis to determine priorities for transit service improvement.The results show that in the view of older adults,three service quality attributes in need of improvement are seat availability,waiting conditions,and service frequency.Accordingly,the paper puts forward policy implications for further implementation.

存量工业用地更新与政策演进的时空响应研究--以天津市中心城区为例

The regeneration of stock land has gradually occupied the mainstream of China’s urban development.In order to cope with the inherent complexity of land property rights and transaction costs in stock land regeneration,relevant urban policies need to play a necessary guiding role.Taking the downtown area of Tianjin as an example,this paper discusses the interaction between spatial regeneration and policy change of stock industrial land.Firstly,a spatial database is constructed through multi-party research to quantitatively describe the spatial and temporal evolution of the stock industrial land since 1995.Secondly,the relevant urban policies since 1979 are sorted out,and the characteristics of policy changes are evaluated and analyzed.Finally,through comparative studies,it is confirmed that the regeneration rate of stock industrial land is affected by policy change,and the speed of policy impact is subject to the policies’inherent characteristics,namely,"guiding policy"or"regulating policy."