Nonzero Temperature Squeezing of the Time—Dependent Harmonic Oscillator and the Applications to the Capacitive Coupled Electric Circuit

A new way to calculate the nonzero temperature quantum fluctuations of the time-dependent harmonicoscillator is proposed and the properties of squeezing are exactly given. The method is applied to the capacitive coupledelectric circuit. It is explicitly shown that squeezing can appear and the squeezing parameters are related to the physicalquantities of the coupled circuit.

Mei Symmetry and Lie Symmetry of the Rotational Relativistic Variable Mass System

The Mei symmetry and the Lie symmetry of a rotational relativistic variable mass system are studied. The definitions and criteria of the Mei symmetry and the Lie symmetry of the rotational relativistic variable mass system are given. The relation between the Mei symmetry and the Lie symmetry is found. The conserved quantities which the Mei symmetry and the Lie symmetry lead to are obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the result.

Density of Liquid Ni-Mo Alloys Measured by a Modified Sessile Drop Method

The density of liquid binary Ni-Mo alloys with molybdenum concentration from 0 to 20% (mass fraction) wasmeasured by a modified sessile drop method. It has been found that the density of the liquid Ni-Mo alloys decreaseswith increasing temperature, but increases with the increase of molybdenum concentration in the alloys. The molarvolume of liquid Ni-Mo binary alloys increases with the increase of temperature and molybdenum concentration. Thepartial molar volume of molybdenum in Ni-Mo binary alloy has been approximately calculated as [13.18-2.65×10^(-3)T+(-47.94+3.10×10^(-2)T)×10^(-2)X_(Mo)]×10^(-6)m^3·mol^(-1). The molar volume of Ni-Mo alloy determined inthe present work shows a negative deviation from the ideal linear mixing molar volume.

Conditional Similarity Solutions of the Boussinesq Equation

The direct method proposed by Clarkson and Kruskal is modified to obtain some conditional similarity solutions of a nonlinear physics model. Taking the -dimensional Boussinesq equation as a simple example, six types of conditional similarity reductions are obtained.

ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION ON CARBON NANOTUBE FILM WITH DIFFERENT PRETREATMENTS

Wide potential windows were found at carbon nanotube film electrodes in neutral solutions after being treated with nitric acid and mixed acid. Electrochemical reversibility was investigated at carbon nanotube films with different pretreatments for ferri/ferrocyanide and quinone /hydroquinone. Carbon nanotube film electrodes presented quasi-reversible electrochemical behavior for both electrolytes. In the range of scan rate, carbon nanotube film electrodes treated with acids showed heterogeneous electron-transfer properties, which was mainly controlled by its electron state density on the surface of the film. On the whole, the carbon nanotube electrode with nitric acid treatment presented the best electrochemical behaviors, so we chose it as an analytical electrode to determine the trace compound in dilute solution. The results demonstrated that this new electrode material exhibits superior performance characteristics for the detection of azide anion.

Density of Ni-Al Alloys in Liquid and Solid-Liquid Coexistence State Measured by a Modified Pycnometric Method

The density of Ni-AI alloys in both liquid state and solid-liquid coexistence state was measured with a modified pycnometric method. It was found that the density of Ni-AI alloys decreases with increasing temperature and Al concentration in the alloys. The molar volume of liquid Ni-AI binary alloys increases with the increase of temperature and Al concentration. The partial molar volume of Al in Ni-AI binary alloy was calculated approximately. The molar volume of liquid Ni-AI alloy determined in the present work shows a negative deviation from the ideal linear molar volume.

Pressure Effects on Spectra of Tunable Laser Crystal GSGG：Cr^3＋ I：Theory

A theory for shifts of energy spectra due to electron-phonon interaction (EPI) has been developed. Both the temperature-independent contributions and the temperature-dependent ones of acoustic branches and optical branches have been derived. It is found that the temperature-independent contributions are very important, especially at low temperature. The total pressure-induced shift (PS) of a level (or spectral line or band) is the algebraic sum of its PS without EPI and its PS due to EPI. By means of both the theory for shifts of energy spectra due to EPI and the theory for PS of energy spectra, the total PS of R1 line of tunable laser crystal GSGG:Cr3+ at 70 K as well as the ones of its R1 line, R2 line and U band at 300 K will be successfully calculated and explained in this series of papers.

Mei Symmetry and Noether Symmetry of the Relativistic Variable Mass System

The definition and criterion of the Mei symmetry of a relativistic variable mass system are given. The relation between the Mei symmetry and the Noether symmetry of the system is found under infinitesimal transformations of groups. The conserved quantities to which the Mei symmetry and Noether symmetry of the system lead are obtained.An example is given to illustrate the application of the result.

Phase transformation behavior of a TiNiCu shape memory alloy electro-lytically charged with hydrogen

The transformation behavior of a TiNiCu shape memory alloy electrolyticallycharged with hydrogen was investigated by means of different scanning calorimetry (DSC), opticalmicroscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that inter- and inner-granular hydridesformed after charging with hydrogen, and the hydrides suppressed martensitic transformation. Theelectrolytically charged hydrogen can be easily released by heat treatment and the transformationoccurred again, which was verified by the DSC and XRD experiments.

Density and Structure Analysis of Molten Ni-W Alloys

Density of molten Ni and Ni-W alloys was measured in the temperature range of 1773-1873 K with a sessile drop method. The density of molten Ni and Ni-W alloys trends to decrease with increasing temperature. The density and molar volume of the alloys trend to increase with increasing W concentration in the alloys. The calculation result shows an ideal mixing of Ni-W alloys.

High—Dimensional Integrable Models with Infinitely Dimensional Virasoro—Type Symmetry Algebra

Using every realization of the Virasoro-type symmetry algebra , we can obtain various high-dimensional integrable models under the meaning that they possess infinitely many symmetries. By means of a concrete realization, many -dimensional equations which possess Kac–Moody–Virasoro-type infinite dimensional symmetry algebras are obtained.

INTRAGRANULAR FERRITE FORMED IN ASSOCIATION WITH INCLUSIONS IN A VANADIUM MICROALLOYED STEEL

Intragranular ferrite was formed at inclusions in a vanadium microalloyed steel with excess amount of sulfur. The chemical composition of inclusions in the steel was analyzed by SEM-EDS. The inclusions were mainly composed of MnS and aluminum oxides. The precipitation of MnS at aluminum oxides might result in Mn depletion, which, in turn, pro- motes the formation of intragranular ferrite. Optical and SEM observations and three- dimensional (3D) reconstruction demonstrated that intragranular ferrite was formed at inclusions. The morphology of intragranular ferrite changed with undercooling. At higher temperatures intragranular ferrite was nearly equiaxed whereas it was plate-like or lath-like at lower temperatures.

Modeling of Rocks with Spatial Distributed Fractures by Random Medium Theory

By using the spectrum expanding theory of random processes and Hudson's crack model,we developed a random medium model for rocks with spatial random distributed number density of cracks. This model could connect the micro-parameters of the cracks with the macro- mechanical properties, and can be effectively applied to model the real inhomogeneous medium. Numerical example indicates that the random distribution characters could be different for different elastic constants under the same random distribution of number density of cracks. By changing the value of the autocorrelation length pair, it is possible to model the difference of the distribution in the two coordinate directions. Numerical modeling results for seismic wave propagating in rocks with random distributed fractures using a staggered high-order finite-difference (SHOFD) are also presented.

Investigation of Peak Separation for X-ray Diffraction Profiles of Spinodal Decomposition by a Kind of Optimized Voigt Function

The intensity and position of sidebands (satellites) on both sides of main diffraction peak in a great number of X-ray diffraction profiles of alloys always change with progress of aging. The sidebands position is determined by a newly optimized Voigt function in present investigation. Furthermore, for Cu-4 wt pet Ti alloy aged at 400℃ for 720 min and 1080 min, after introducing the weight factor of above two satellites intensity, the relative error between the fitting curves and X-ray diffraction profiles is less than 0.185%, which is more precise than the previously calculating result.

Improved Ligand-Field Theory with Effect of Electron-Phonon Interaction

Traditional ligand-field theory has to be improved by taking into account both 'pure electronic' contribution and electron-phonon interaction one (including lattice-vibrational relaxation energy). By means of improved ligand-field theory, R1, R2, R'3, R'2, and R'1 lines, U band, ground-state zero-field-splitting (GSZFS), and ground-state g factors of ruby and/or GSGG: Cr3+ as well as thermal shifts of GSZFS, R1 line and R2 line of ruby have been calculated.The results are in very good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, it is found that the value of cubic-field parameter given by traditional ligand-field theory is inappropriately large. For thermal shifts of GSZFS, R1 line and R2 line of ruby, several conclusions have also been obtained.

Determination of Protein and Starch Content in Whole Maize Kernel by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Using 128 bulk-kernel samples of inbred lines and hybrids, a study was conducted toinvestigate the feasibility and method of measuring protein and starch contents inintact seeds of maize by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). The chemometricalgorithms of partial least square (PLS) regression was used. The results indicated thatthe calibration models developed by the spectral data pretreatment of firstderivative+multivariate scattering correction within the spectral region of 10000-4000cm-1, and first derivative + straight line subtraction in 9000-4000cm-1 were thebest for protein and starch, respectively. All these models yielded coefficients ofdetermination of calibration (R2cal) above 0.97, while R2cv and R2val of cross and externalvalidation ranged from 0.92 to 0.95, respectively; however, the root of mean squareerrors of calibration, cross and external validation (RMSEE, RMSECV and RMSEP) werebelow 1(ranged 0.3-0.7),respectively. This study demonstrated that it is feasible touse NIRS as a rapid, accurate, and none-destructive technique to predict protein andstarch contents of whole kernel in the maize quality improvement program.

Two-way shape memory effect and alternating current driving characteristics of a TiNi alloy spring

Two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) was induced into the TiNi shape memoryalloys (SMAs) spring by thermomechanical training after annealing treatment, which has promisingapplication in micro-actuating fields. The TWSME spring can contract upon heating and extend uponcooling. The results show that there is an increase of the recovery ratio up to a maximum TWSME of45%. During the training procedure, transformation temperatures and hysteresis were measured bydifferent scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that A_s (reverse transformation starttemperature) and A_f (reverse transformation finish temperature) shift to lower temperature aftertraining. The intervals of A_fA_s and M_s-M_f (M_s and M_f are the martensite start and finishtemperatures, respectively) increase and the heat of transformation decreases after training. Theelectrothermal driving characteristics of the TWSME springs were also investigated with alternatingcurrent density of 3.2-14.7 A/mm^2. It is found that the time response and the maximum contractionratio greatly depend on the magnitude of the electrical current density.

Energy Spectra,g Factors and Their Pressure—Induced and ／or Thermal Shifts of SrTiO3：Cr^3＋ and SrTiO3：Mn^4＋ I：energy Spectra and g Factors at Normal Pressure

With the strong-field scheme and cubic bases, the complete d3 energy matrix in a tetragonally distorted cubic-field has been constructed. By diagonalizing this matrix, the energy spectra of SrTiO3:Cr3+ and SrTiO3:Mn4+ at normal pressure and various temperatures have been calculated. Correspondingly, the FORTRAN program calculating the g factor of the ground state has been worked out. By using the program and the wavefunction obtained from diagonalizing the complete energy matrix, the g factors of the ground state of SrTiO3:Cr3+ and SrTiO3:Mn4+ at normal pressure and room temperature have been evaluated. The calculated results are in good agreement with the optical-spectral and EPR experimental data. The comparison and analysis of the results of two crystals have been made. It is demonstrated that the covalency of the bonding between Mn4+ and ligands (O2-) in SrTiO3:Mn4+ is stronger than the one of the bonding between Cr3+ and ligands (O2-) in SrTiO3:Cr3+. It is shown that the obtained wavefunctions and values of parameters are reasonable.

PREPARATION OF MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES USING NiO CATALYST SYNTHESIZED BY HYDROTHERMAL METHOD

The Ni(OH)2/SiO2 binary colloid was prepared using Ni(NO3)2.6H2O and (C2H5O)4SiO4 as starting materials and was used to form NiO/SiO2. composite powder by hydrothermal method and desiccant method in open air respectively. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized respectively by chemical vapor deposition using the NiO/SiO2 catalyst prepared by different methods. The phase and morphology of the catalysts and the morphology, output yield and purity of MWCNTs were compared by XRD, TEM and SEM. The results show that the catalyst powder prepared by hydrothermal method, compared with that by desiccant method, is smaller, better dispersion and has stronger catalytic activity. Pure MWCNTs with smaller tube diameter and narrow range could be obtained at a high yield using that NiO/SiO2 powder prepared by hydrothermal method as catalyst.

ELECTROANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF CARBOXYL-MODIFIED CARBON NANOTUBE FILM ELECTRODES

The electrochemical behavior of a carboxyl-modified carbon nanotube films was investigated to explore its possibility in electroanalytical applicaton. Cyclic voltammetry of quinone was conducted in 1mol/L Na2SO4, which showed a stable, quasi-reversible voltammetric response for quinone / hydroquinone, and the anodic and the cathodic peak potentials were 0.657V and -0.029V (vs. SCE) at a scan rate of 0.1V.s-1, respectively. Both anodic and cathodic peak currents depended linearly on the square root of the scan rate over the range of 0.01-0.5V.s-1, which suggested that the process of the electrode reactions was diffusion-controlled. Carboxyl-modified carbon nanotube electrodes made it possible to determine low level of dopamine selectively in the presence of a large excess of ascorbic acid in acidic media using derivative voltammetry. The results obtained were discussed in details. This work demonstrates the potential of carboxyl-modified carbon nanotube electrodes for electroanalytical applications.