A giant basilar artery aneurysm of young woman with endocrine disturbance was misdiagnosed as a large pituitary adenoma and treated surgically via a trans-sphenoidal approach was planned. But the neurosurgery was fina...A giant basilar artery aneurysm of young woman with endocrine disturbance was misdiagnosed as a large pituitary adenoma and treated surgically via a trans-sphenoidal approach was planned. But the neurosurgery was finally aborted because of massive bleeding during the procedure. One year later,a cerebral angiography confirmed this basilar artery aneurysm was obviously regressed and then endovascular coiling was successfully performed. No neurological complication occurred post-procedure and the endocrine dysfunction symptom was obviously improved.展开更多
Rhesus monkey models of Parkinson＇s disease were induced by injection of N-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Neural firings were recorded using microelectrodes placed in the interna segment of the globus p...Rhesus monkey models of Parkinson＇s disease were induced by injection of N-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Neural firings were recorded using microelectrodes placed in the interna segment of the globus pallidus. The wavelets and power spectra show gradual power reduction during the disease process along with increased firing rates in the Parkinson＇s disease state. Singular values of coefficients decreased considerably during tremor-related activity as well as in the Parkinson＇s disease state compared with normal signals, revealing that higher-frequency components weaken when Parkinson＇s disease occurs. We speculate that the death of neurons could be reflected by irregular frequency spike trains, and that wavelet packet decomposition can effectively detect the degradation of neurons and the loss of information transmission in the neural circuitry.展开更多
Objective Following traumatic brain injury （TBI）,brain tissue that surrounding the regional primary lesion is known as traumatic penumbra; this region may undergo secondary injury and is considered to have the poten...Objective Following traumatic brain injury （TBI）,brain tissue that surrounding the regional primary lesion is known as traumatic penumbra; this region may undergo secondary injury and is considered to have the potential to recover.This review aimed to reveal the existence and significance of traumatic penumbra by analyzing all relevant studies concerning basic pathologic changes and brain imaging after TBI.Data sources We collected all relevant studies about TBI and traumatic penumbra in Medline （1995 to June 2013） and ISI （1997 to March 2013）,evaluated their quality and relevance,then extracted and synthesized the information.Study selection We included all relevant studies concerning TBI and traumatic penumbra （there was no limitation of research design and article language） and excluded the duplicated articles.Results The crucial pathological changes after TBI include cerebral blood flow change,cerebral edema,blood-brain barrier damage,cell apoptosis and necrosis.Besides,traditional imaging method cannot characterize the consequences of CBF reduction at an early stage and provides limited insights into the underlying pathophysiology.While advanced imaging technique,such as diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） and positron emission tomography （PET）,may provide better characterization of such pathophysiology.Conclusions The future of traumatic brain lesions depends to a large extent on the evolution of the penumbra.Therefore,understanding the formation and pathophysiologic process of the traumatic penumbra and its imaging research progress is of great significant for early clinical determination and timely brain rescue.展开更多
Purpose： Traumatic brain injury （TBI） is a leading cause of death and disability, lntracranial hemorrhage （ICH） secondary to TBI is associated with a high risk of coagulopathy which leads to increasing risk of he...Purpose： Traumatic brain injury （TBI） is a leading cause of death and disability, lntracranial hemorrhage （ICH） secondary to TBI is associated with a high risk of coagulopathy which leads to increasing risk of hemorrhage growth and higher mortality rate. Therefore, antifibrinolytic agents such as tranexamic acid （TA） might reduce traumatic ICH. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent of ICH growth after TA administration in TBI patients. Methods： This single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on patients with traumatic ICH （with less than 30 ml） referring to the emergency department of Vali-Asr Hospital, Arak, Iran in 2014. Patients, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were divided into intervention and control groups （40 patients each）. All patients received a conservative treatment for ICH, as well as either intravenous TA or placebo. The extent of ICH growth as the primary outcome was measured by brain cr scan after 48 h. Results： Although brain CT scan showed a significant increase in hemorrhage volume in both groups after 48 h, it was significantly less in the TA group than in the control group （p = 0.04）. The mean total hemorrhage expansion was （1.7 ± 9.7） ml and （4.3 ± 12.9） ml in TA and placebo groups, respectively （p 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： It has been established that TA, as an effective hospital-based treatment for acute TBI, could reduce ICH growth. Larger studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of different doses.展开更多
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is caused by the spread of malignant tumor cells into the subarachnoid space.However,classification and staging of LM in the spinal canal is rare in the literature.The authors reviewed t...Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is caused by the spread of malignant tumor cells into the subarachnoid space.However,classification and staging of LM in the spinal canal is rare in the literature.The authors reviewed the records of 58 Chinese patients with LM for clinical features,neuroimaging,and treatments.Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain and spinal cord were performed in all patients.Removal of intracranial tumors was performed in all patients and diagnoses were confirmed by histology.The study group consisted of 58 patients,with 29 cases presenting with intraspinal symptoms.Of the 58,8 patients underwent intraspinal tumor removal,8 received radiotherapy alone,9 received chemotherapy alone,and 34 patients received combined radiochemotherapy.We classified LM into 3 types:type L or leptomeninges LM,is subdivided into 2 subtypes (subtype LI and LII (a,b)),type N or nerve root LM is subdivided into 2 subtypes (subtype NI and NII (a,b)),and type M or mixed-type LM.We also divided LM into stages of I-IV according to the symptoms and the volume of the tumor based on spinal axial MRI.Type LI LM often occurs in patients with intracranial and intraspinal tumors found simultaneously.Patients who receive surgery for intracranial tumors may present with type N LM.Surgery is suitable for patients with NI LM and LIIb LM in stages III-IV,presenting with severe spinal symptoms.The prognosis is better for type N LM than type L LM.展开更多
Facial nerve schwannoma involving the middle cranial fossa is quite rare, and its accurate diagnosis is very difficult before surgery. Here we present a case of schwannoma of the facial nerve at the middle cranial fos...Facial nerve schwannoma involving the middle cranial fossa is quite rare, and its accurate diagnosis is very difficult before surgery. Here we present a case of schwannoma of the facial nerve at the middle cranial fossa that was misdiagnosed previously at a local hospital and then cured in our hospital.展开更多
Purpose： To investigate the in vitro effect of short interfering RNAs （siRNAs） against Nogo receptor （NgR） on neurite outgrowth under an inhibitory substrate of central nervous system （CNS） myelin. Methods： Th...Purpose： To investigate the in vitro effect of short interfering RNAs （siRNAs） against Nogo receptor （NgR） on neurite outgrowth under an inhibitory substrate of central nervous system （CNS） myelin. Methods： Three siRNA sequences against NgR were designed and transfected into cerebellar granule ceils （CGCs） to screen for the most efficient sequence of NgR siRNA by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and immunofluorescence staining. NgR siRNA sequence I was found the most efficient which was then transfected into the CGCs grown on CNS myelin substrate to observe its disinhihition for neurite outgrowth. Results： Compared with the scrambled control sequence of siRNA, the NgR siRNA sequence 1 signifi- cantly decreased NgR mRNA level at 24 b and 48 h （p 〈 0.05）, which was recovered by 96 h after transfection. NgR immunoreactivity was also markedly reduced at 24 and 48 h after tile transfection of siRNA sequence 1 compared with that before transfection （p 〈 0.05）. The NgR immunoreactiviW was recovered after 72 h post-transfection. Moreover, the neurite outgrowth on tire myelin substrate was greatly improved within 72 h after the transfection with siRNA sequence 1 compared with the scrambled sequence-transfected group or non-transfected group （p 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： ： siRNA-mediated knockdown of NgR expression contributes to neurite outgrowth in vitro.展开更多
To the editor： Neurologic disorders are the common complications in patients with end stage renal disease（ESRD）.1 Sometimes, the uremia can cause the very severe dysfunctions of central nerve system termed as uremi...To the editor： Neurologic disorders are the common complications in patients with end stage renal disease（ESRD）.1 Sometimes, the uremia can cause the very severe dysfunctions of central nerve system termed as uremic encephalopathy （UE） with varied clinical manifestations including fatigue, lassitude, seizures, and coma.1 In some cases, the UE was easily confused with epilepsy.展开更多
文摘A giant basilar artery aneurysm of young woman with endocrine disturbance was misdiagnosed as a large pituitary adenoma and treated surgically via a trans-sphenoidal approach was planned. But the neurosurgery was finally aborted because of massive bleeding during the procedure. One year later,a cerebral angiography confirmed this basilar artery aneurysm was obviously regressed and then endovascular coiling was successfully performed. No neurological complication occurred post-procedure and the endocrine dysfunction symptom was obviously improved.
基金supported in part by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81071150,10872156the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program),No.2006AA04Z370
文摘Rhesus monkey models of Parkinson＇s disease were induced by injection of N-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Neural firings were recorded using microelectrodes placed in the interna segment of the globus pallidus. The wavelets and power spectra show gradual power reduction during the disease process along with increased firing rates in the Parkinson＇s disease state. Singular values of coefficients decreased considerably during tremor-related activity as well as in the Parkinson＇s disease state compared with normal signals, revealing that higher-frequency components weaken when Parkinson＇s disease occurs. We speculate that the death of neurons could be reflected by irregular frequency spike trains, and that wavelet packet decomposition can effectively detect the degradation of neurons and the loss of information transmission in the neural circuitry.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Nati-onal Natural Science Foundation of China （No.81371610） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.81171144）.
文摘Objective Following traumatic brain injury （TBI）,brain tissue that surrounding the regional primary lesion is known as traumatic penumbra; this region may undergo secondary injury and is considered to have the potential to recover.This review aimed to reveal the existence and significance of traumatic penumbra by analyzing all relevant studies concerning basic pathologic changes and brain imaging after TBI.Data sources We collected all relevant studies about TBI and traumatic penumbra in Medline （1995 to June 2013） and ISI （1997 to March 2013）,evaluated their quality and relevance,then extracted and synthesized the information.Study selection We included all relevant studies concerning TBI and traumatic penumbra （there was no limitation of research design and article language） and excluded the duplicated articles.Results The crucial pathological changes after TBI include cerebral blood flow change,cerebral edema,blood-brain barrier damage,cell apoptosis and necrosis.Besides,traditional imaging method cannot characterize the consequences of CBF reduction at an early stage and provides limited insights into the underlying pathophysiology.While advanced imaging technique,such as diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） and positron emission tomography （PET）,may provide better characterization of such pathophysiology.Conclusions The future of traumatic brain lesions depends to a large extent on the evolution of the penumbra.Therefore,understanding the formation and pathophysiologic process of the traumatic penumbra and its imaging research progress is of great significant for early clinical determination and timely brain rescue.
文摘Purpose： Traumatic brain injury （TBI） is a leading cause of death and disability, lntracranial hemorrhage （ICH） secondary to TBI is associated with a high risk of coagulopathy which leads to increasing risk of hemorrhage growth and higher mortality rate. Therefore, antifibrinolytic agents such as tranexamic acid （TA） might reduce traumatic ICH. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent of ICH growth after TA administration in TBI patients. Methods： This single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on patients with traumatic ICH （with less than 30 ml） referring to the emergency department of Vali-Asr Hospital, Arak, Iran in 2014. Patients, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were divided into intervention and control groups （40 patients each）. All patients received a conservative treatment for ICH, as well as either intravenous TA or placebo. The extent of ICH growth as the primary outcome was measured by brain cr scan after 48 h. Results： Although brain CT scan showed a significant increase in hemorrhage volume in both groups after 48 h, it was significantly less in the TA group than in the control group （p = 0.04）. The mean total hemorrhage expansion was （1.7 ± 9.7） ml and （4.3 ± 12.9） ml in TA and placebo groups, respectively （p 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： It has been established that TA, as an effective hospital-based treatment for acute TBI, could reduce ICH growth. Larger studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of different doses.
文摘Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is caused by the spread of malignant tumor cells into the subarachnoid space.However,classification and staging of LM in the spinal canal is rare in the literature.The authors reviewed the records of 58 Chinese patients with LM for clinical features,neuroimaging,and treatments.Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain and spinal cord were performed in all patients.Removal of intracranial tumors was performed in all patients and diagnoses were confirmed by histology.The study group consisted of 58 patients,with 29 cases presenting with intraspinal symptoms.Of the 58,8 patients underwent intraspinal tumor removal,8 received radiotherapy alone,9 received chemotherapy alone,and 34 patients received combined radiochemotherapy.We classified LM into 3 types:type L or leptomeninges LM,is subdivided into 2 subtypes (subtype LI and LII (a,b)),type N or nerve root LM is subdivided into 2 subtypes (subtype NI and NII (a,b)),and type M or mixed-type LM.We also divided LM into stages of I-IV according to the symptoms and the volume of the tumor based on spinal axial MRI.Type LI LM often occurs in patients with intracranial and intraspinal tumors found simultaneously.Patients who receive surgery for intracranial tumors may present with type N LM.Surgery is suitable for patients with NI LM and LIIb LM in stages III-IV,presenting with severe spinal symptoms.The prognosis is better for type N LM than type L LM.
文摘Facial nerve schwannoma involving the middle cranial fossa is quite rare, and its accurate diagnosis is very difficult before surgery. Here we present a case of schwannoma of the facial nerve at the middle cranial fossa that was misdiagnosed previously at a local hospital and then cured in our hospital.
文摘Purpose： To investigate the in vitro effect of short interfering RNAs （siRNAs） against Nogo receptor （NgR） on neurite outgrowth under an inhibitory substrate of central nervous system （CNS） myelin. Methods： Three siRNA sequences against NgR were designed and transfected into cerebellar granule ceils （CGCs） to screen for the most efficient sequence of NgR siRNA by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and immunofluorescence staining. NgR siRNA sequence I was found the most efficient which was then transfected into the CGCs grown on CNS myelin substrate to observe its disinhihition for neurite outgrowth. Results： Compared with the scrambled control sequence of siRNA, the NgR siRNA sequence 1 signifi- cantly decreased NgR mRNA level at 24 b and 48 h （p 〈 0.05）, which was recovered by 96 h after transfection. NgR immunoreactivity was also markedly reduced at 24 and 48 h after tile transfection of siRNA sequence 1 compared with that before transfection （p 〈 0.05）. The NgR immunoreactiviW was recovered after 72 h post-transfection. Moreover, the neurite outgrowth on tire myelin substrate was greatly improved within 72 h after the transfection with siRNA sequence 1 compared with the scrambled sequence-transfected group or non-transfected group （p 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： ： siRNA-mediated knockdown of NgR expression contributes to neurite outgrowth in vitro.
文摘To the editor： Neurologic disorders are the common complications in patients with end stage renal disease（ESRD）.1 Sometimes, the uremia can cause the very severe dysfunctions of central nerve system termed as uremic encephalopathy （UE） with varied clinical manifestations including fatigue, lassitude, seizures, and coma.1 In some cases, the UE was easily confused with epilepsy.
