Preconditioning and postconditioning reduce hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

BACKGROUND: Ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs when ischemic tissues or organs suffer from further functional and structural damage when their blood supply recovers. This study aimed to contrast the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning and ischemic postconditioning in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated (SO), ischemia-reperfusion (IR), ischemic preconditioning (I-pre), and ischemic postconditioning (I-post). Blood samples and hepatic tissue were taken from all groups after the experiments. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the IR, I-pre and I-post groups in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, NF-kappa B p65 expression, apoptosis index and superoxide dismutase activity in hepatic tissue. There were no significant differences between the I-pre and I-post groups. CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic postconditioning and ischemic preconditioning reduce hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, but in clinical practice the former is a more appropriate choice.

Preparation of colloidal gold immunochromatography strip for detection of methamidophos residue

Methamidophos (Met) is a broad spectrum organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide.Even a trace of its residue is harmful to humans and many animals.In this study,the synthesis and identification of colloidal gold particles and antibody-colloidal gold conjugates were performed,and the preparation of colloidal gold immunochromatography strip was conducted for detection of Met residue.The size of colloidal gold particles was checked using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).The formation of antibody-coll...

Interstitial chemotherapy with ricin-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel in pancreatic cancer xenograft

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, and has a poor prognosis. Despite efforts made in multiple fields, there has been little success in improving the disease-free survival rate of patients. This study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of using intra-tumoral injection of ricin-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel for treatment of pancreatic cancer xenografts, attempting to develop a new treatment for human pancreatic cancer. METHODS: BALB/c-(nu/nu) nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously in the right flank with the human pancreatic cancer cells, SW1990. Fourteen days after inoculation, 32 mice, bearing tumors of volume 1.5-2.0 cm(3), were randomly assigned to one of four groups, and given an intra-tumoral injection of: (1) saline; (2) 23% w/w thermosensitive hydrogel alone; (3) ricin, 10 mu g/kg; or (4) 10 mu g/kg ricin loaded in thermosensitive hydrogel. On day 14 after administration, the tumors were excised to calculate the inhibition rate of tumor growth and perform histopathological examination. Tumor cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of Bc12 and Bax. RESULTS: Intra-tumoral injection of ricin-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel resulted in remarkable control of tumor growth. The tumor became necrotic by day 14 after administration. The histological results clearly confirmed that the tumor cells were lysed. The percentage of apoptotic cells detected by flow cytometry was higher in the ricin hydrogel group than in the other groups. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the mRNA expression level of Bc12 was down-regulated whereas Bax was upregulated. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-tumoral injection of ricin-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel may provide an effective approach for interstitial chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Inducing apoptosis by downregulating Bcl2 expression and upregulating Bax expression may be a key molecular mechanism.

基于网络药理学及分子对接技术探讨温经汤治疗原发性痛经的作用机制

目的基于网络药理学及分子对接技术研究温经汤缓解原发性痛经的作用机制。方法通过TCMSP数据库获取温经汤的化学成分及靶点,GeneCards、OMIM、TTD、DrugBank数据库获取原发性痛经主要靶点。取交集,结合活性成分和中药,运用Cytoscape 3.7.1软件构建中药-成分-靶点网络。利用STRING平台进行蛋白质相互作用分析。借助DAVID分析平台进行靶点GO和KEGG富集分析,预测其作用机制。最后构建活性成分-疾病靶点-信号通路网络图。结果获得温经汤与原发性痛经相关成分199个,靶点86个,其中包括槲皮素、苯甲酰芍药苷等活性成分及关键靶点VEGFA、AKT1、IL-6等。GO分析结果得到生物过程的条目有430条,主要涉及平滑肌细胞增殖正向调控、类固醇代谢过程、炎症反应、血管生成调控等方面。KEGG分析结果中共收集到87条信号通路,主要与Arachidonic acid metabolism(花生四烯酸代谢)、Estrogen signaling pathway(雌激素信号通路)、TNF signaling pathway(TNF信号通路)等多条信号通路相关。结论温经汤通过多成分、多靶点、多通路的作用机制治疗原发性痛经,为阐明温经汤的治疗机制、扩大温经汤的临床应用提供了依据。

Association between IRS-2 G1057D polymorphism and risk of gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate the relationship between insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) G1057D polymorphism and the risk of gastric cancer (GC) in a Chinese population. METHODS: A case-control study with 197 GC patients and 156 age- and sex-matched control subjects was conducted. The genotypes of polymorphism were assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of IRS-2 G1057D polymorphism in cases were obviously different from those in the control group (P = 0.031). Compared with GG genotype carriers, the risk for GC was significantly higher (adjusted odds ratio = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.03-5.23, P = 0.042) in the individuals with the IRS-2 DD geno-type. Furthermore, stratified analysis was performed based on age, sex, smoking status and residence, but no significant difference between the two groups was found. In addition, no significant association between genotypes and clinicopathological features was observed either. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that IRS-2 G1057D is involved in susceptibility to GC, although further large-sample studies are still needed.

Study on a New Type of All-Solid-StateReference Electrode

A new type of all-solid-state Ag/AgCl reference electrode was constructed by using urea-formaldehyde resin as the frame material and KCl powder as the active component. The properties of the electrode were studied in detail. The electrode exhibited excellent characteristics and could be applied to the electrochemical measurements in syrupy, colloidal and higher temperature solutions as a reference electrode.

口服糖皮质激素与心脑血管疾病风险的人群病例对照研究

Objective: To assess whether use of oral glucocorticoids is associated with ca rdiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity. Design and setting: Nested case-con trol study within a cohort of patients (≥50 years old) with at least one prescr iption for oral or non-systemic glucocorticoids. Data were from the general pra ctice research database. Patients: 50 656 patients were identified with a first record for ischaemic heart disease (International classification of diseases, ni nth revision (ICD-9) codes 410, 411, 413, and 414), ischaemic stroke or transie nt ischaemic attack (ICD-9 codes 430-436), or heart failure (ICD-9 code 428) between 1988 and 1998. One control was matched to each case by sex, age, general practice, underlying disease, and calendar time. Main outcome measure: Odds rat io (OR) of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events in patients using oral gluco corticoids compared with non-users. Results: There was a significant associatio n between ever use of oral glucocorticoids and any cardiovascular or cerebrovasc ular outcome (adjusted OR 1.25, 95%confidence interval (CI) 1.21 to 1.29). The association was stronger for current use of oral glucocorticoids than for recent or past use. Among current users, the highest ORs were observed in the group wi th the highest average daily dose, although the dose-response relation was not continuous. Current use was associated with an increased risk of heart failure ( adjusted OR 2.66, 95%CI 2.46 to 2.87), which was consistent between patients wi th rheumatoid arthritis, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, an d patients without either of the two conditions. Also, current use was associate d with a smaller increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.11 to 1.29). Conclusions: Oral glucocorticoid use was identified as a risk factor for heart failure. However, the evidence remains observational and only a random ised controlled trial of glucocorticoid treatment versus other disease modifying agents is likely to distinguish the importance of the underlying disease activi ty from its treatment in predicting cardiovascular outcomes.

Zeolite-Catalyzed Thionation of Diphenyl-type Compounds

The synthesis of phenothiazine and phenoxthine was performed very efficiently through the thionation of diphenylamine and diphenyl ether, respectively, with elemental sulfur by using hydrothermally treated HY zeolites as catalysts. The nature of the active sites of the zeolites for the thionation reaction was discussed.

O－（1－BENZOTRIAZOLYL）－SULFATE AS ALEAVING GROUP IN SUBSTITUTION OF NUCLEOSIDE

Amino adenosines were synthesized by substitution of 5'-O-(1-benzoiriazolyl)-sulfonyl adenosine with various amines in very good yields.

STUDY ON THE FLUORESCENCE OF THE SYSTEM SAMARIUM／2－BENZOYL－1，3－INDONE／CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE AND ITS ANALYTICAL APPLICATION

The fluoereence systecm Sm-BID-CTAB has been discovered and its fluorescence characteristics have beenstudied.The excitation and ernission wavelengths are 360 um and 650 nm, respctively. The fluoescenceintensity is a linear function of the concentration of samariunt in the range 5.0×10-5-2.0×10-7 mol/L.Thedetection limit is 5.0×10-9 mol/L. Standatd addition method is used for the determination of samarium insynthetic rare earth sample with satisfactory results

Two New Norditerpenoid Alkaloids from Delphinium Souliei

Two new norditerpenoid alkaloids, souline A and souline B, were isolated from Delphinium souliei Franch, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

Generalized two-dimensional correlation near-infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis of the structures of methanol and ethanol

Liquid state methanol and ethanol under different temperatures have been investigated by FT-NIR(Fourier transform nearinfrared) spectroscopy,generalized two-dimensional(2D) correlation spectroscopy,and PCA(principal component analysis) . First,the FT-NIR spectra were measured over a temperature range of 30-64(or 30-71) °C,and then the 2D correlation spectra were computed.Combining near-infrared spectroscopy,generalized 2D correlation spectroscopy,and references,we analyzed the molecular structures(especially the hydrogen bond) of methanol and ethanol,and performed the NIR band assignments. The PCA method was employed to verify the results of the 2D analysis.This study will be helpful to the understanding of these reagents.

Preparation and characterization of porous titania-grafted poly(styrene-divinylbenzene)/maleic anhydride nanocomposite microspheres

Mesoporous titania-grafted poly(styrene-divinylbenzene)/maleic anhydride [P(St-DVB)/MA] nanocomposite microspheres were prepared by an open ring reaction method.The titania nanoparticles were first modified by attachment of amino groups to their surface to prevent particle aggregation,and to allow the nanoparticles to covalently bond the polymer microspheres,the surface of which was modified by attachment of MA functional groups to enable the polymer to retain their porous structures and to react with the amino groups on the surface of the titania particles.The porous nanocomposite microspheres were detected by FTIR,SEM,TEM,XRD and UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The results indicated that the nanocomposite microspheres were composed of nanosized titania uniformly distributed on the surface,and exhibited better UV absorbing property than pure polymer microspheres or unmodified titania.Furthermore,compared with pure porous polymer microspheres,the nanocomposite microspheres showed more efficient UV protection and slow release of Parsol-1789(a photo-reactive and cosmetic agent) held inside the porous network of the microspheres.

Effect of metformin on miRNA expression in type 2 diabetic patients and potential targets

Objective To investigate the effect of metformin on the microRNA(miRNA)expression and screen potential target with network pharmacology analysis in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods Fifteen patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes admitted to our hospital were selected,who received metformin during hospitalization and after discharge.The expression of serum matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9,transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1,and myocardial fibrosis related miRNAs were compared before and 6 month after metformin treatment.

Safety and efficacy of colistin monotherapy versus combination therapy against carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria infection:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To study the safety and efficacy of colistin monotherapy versus combination therapy against carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria infection.Methods CNKI,Wanfang database,PubMed,Embase and Cochrane library were systematically searched.Randomized controlled trials about colistin monotherapy versus combination therapy against carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria infection were enrolled.The Cochrane Reviewers Handbook 5.2 was employed to evaluate the quality of the enrolled studies.

Study on the effect and mechanism of taxifolin on ameliorating cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α-mediated antioxidant pathway

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of taxifolin (TAX) on ameliorating cisplatin-induced renal oxidative damage.Methods(1) Forty male C57BL/6mice were divided into 4 groups:control group (n=10), TAX group (n=10), cisplatin group (n=10)and cisplatin+TAX group (n=10). The weight of mice in each group was measured. The level of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was analyzed. Kidney histopathological change in mice was analyzed by HE staining.

Value of CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T-lymphocyte counts for clinical diagnostic classification and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019

Objective To assess the value of CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T-lymphocyte counts for the diagnostic classification and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods A total of 95 COVID-19 adult patients admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,Fudan University from January to March 2020 were recruited.