Quantitative approach for damage detection of reinforced concrete frames

The objective of this paper is to provide an analytical basis for the quantitative evaluation of damage to a reinforced concrete structure based on the vibration data obtained by using the damage detection technique. A partial reinforced concrete system of a weak beam/strong column moment frame is chosen as an example. A pushover analysis is carried out in order to numerically examine both the story shear-relative displacement characteristics and the associated damage level. In the analysis, a two dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis is employed considering several constitutive models. As a result, the degradation of the stiffness at the damaged story is characterized in association with the story relative displacement. It is also pointed out that the rotation angle of the column-base is highly correlated with the story relative displacement. Based on the analytical findings, quantitative approaches for a structural health monitoring system are suggested considering both the current sensor technologies and those available in the future. Keywords nonlinear FEM analysis - structural health monitoring - reinforced concrete structure - story stiffness - rotation angle of column-base Supported by: Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Base Research (c) (1), Research No. 14550555)

Primary Exploration of the Feasibility of Passive Houses in Korea and China

The transferability of European experiences with design,planning,construction and service of Passive-Houses to the specific conditions in China and Korea is investigated by the adaptation of the PassiveHouse principle to typical Korean and Chinese residential building,by the use of locally available building materials,components and building practices as well as under consideration of specific and typical ways of living in the two countries and cultures. The starting basis for the research is the analysis and evaluation of specific climate conditions,architecture,building practice as well as specific comfort criteria. The additional effort for the construction and service of Passive-Houses in Korea and China compared with typical contemporary residential buildings is investigated on the basis of a comparison of designs for Passive-Houses and for common buildings,including issues like the heating and cooling energy demand,heat and cool load as well as the required materials and components. The research results show that the described modifications of typical contemporary residential building constructions in China and Korea are realizable with locally available materials and feasible effort. They can reduce the energy demand for the service of domestic housing significantly and are in the range of European Passive Houses.

Development of coal store and transportation technology using horizontal coal bunker

Discussed the necessity of setting up the coal bunker in mining, introduced the development of coal bunker technology, combining the mining characteristic of the high yield and high-efficient working face in China at present, and point out that the type of horizontal coal bunker, is a kind of security, high-efficient coal store and transportation technology of suiting the modern production need of the colliery, is the developing direc-tion of technology of store and transportation of coal bunker.

Effectual Planning on Affordable Housing—The Case of Nanjing

This research scrutinize how the Chinese system applied to reduces cost effectiveness in order to curves housing affordability for the purpose of land prices for the social housing popularly known as low cost social housing schemes as the government took measures throughout the years, however the paper describes the key characteristics of Chinese urban planning and design system, subsidies to social rented housing producers are being cut and equates this with practice within Chinese spectrum. The paper describes the key characteristics of the national planning, as per the recent trends housing policy on-affordability, this planning system assists overall housing requirements and how it has been adapted. It explains the new arrangements the government has put into place to lower land prices for social housing and argues that this represents provide and expand the supply of good quality housing units;make housing more affordable and readily available;promote economic diversity in residential neighborhood;help households build wealth;and promote balanced metropolitan growth.

Lessons Learnt from Chinese Housing Development the Case of Affordable Housing and Its Funding

Dated back to the opening up policy, Chinese economy had been rising tremendously, coupled with achievement, though housing challenges across the country greatly arose. Under the traditional planned economy since 1949, entirely housing construction became the State responsibility. As a result of lack of finances, new housing production has not emerged while nation population on rise. Till 1988 when Urban housing reform existed as proposed strategy of affordable housing for the ordinary households through the private housing market. However, the strategy faced numerous obstacles such as lack of sec-ond hands market, an undeveloped real estate profession, indistinct land and property and property regulation plus absence of proper property management support. Amid these obstacles, the lack of housing ?nance would appeared to be a vital problem. Government Introduction of housing provident fund (HPF) scheme in 1991 applied as right measures for curving housing funding problems, under the Housing development fun, all employees required to contribute a percentage of their incomes to housing funding problems and employers contributed a similar amount. individual workers Accounts were opened with Construction Bank of China. Currently workers allowed to withdraw their housing development savings at retirement period, instead their application for their housing development savings as homes purchases in housing market. This has been implemented to the letter in most cities in China, regardless of variations of operational schemes and architectural demands in consideration to geological that varies from locality to another [1]. Applying an experiential research of the housing development savings Scheme in Shanghai as a case research, this paper reviews the role of the HPF in ?nancing affordable housing expansion in most parts of China.

Analysis of the Results Obtained from the Application of the Two-Stage Method with Calculations of Some Statically Indeterminate Trusses

The paper presents results of calculations of forces in members of selected types of statically indeterminate trusses carriedout by application of the two-stage method of computations of such structural systems. The method makes possible to do the simple andapproximate calculations of the complex trusses in two stages, in each of which is calculated a statically determinate truss being anappropriate counterpart of the basic form of the statically indeterminate truss structure. Systems of the statically determinate trussesconsidered in the both stages are defined by cancelation of members, number of which is equal to the statically indeterminacy of thebasic truss. In the paper are presented outcomes obtained in the two-stage method applied for two different shapes of trusses and carriedout for various ways of removing of appropriate members from the basic trusses. The results are compared with outcomes gained due toapplication of suitable computer software for computation of the same types of trusses and for the same structural conditions.

Virtual reality approach for 3D large model browsing on web site

Using virtual reality for interactive design gives a designer an intuitive vision of a design and allows the designer to achieve a viable, optimal solution in a timely manner. The article discusses the process of making the Virtual Reality System of the Humble Administrator’s Garden. Translating building data to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) is by far unsatisfactory. This creates a challenge for computer designers to do optimization to meet requirements. Five different approaches to optimize models have been presented in this paper. The other methods are to optimize VRML and to reduce the file size. This is done by keeping polygon counts to a minimum and by applying such techniques as object culling and level-of- detail switching.

基于镰仓时期区域可视化模型研究当地居民景观识别的构成(英文)

研究了镰仓历史街区的景观识别.构成区域环境的城市结构以三维因子分析来进行量化分析,此3项因子为:三维的阴影图、航拍图和立体模型.景观识别与可视的区域景象和区域认知图相关.通过对典型的镰仓景观的分形维数分析,试图揭示居民对实体或环境变化的共同观察,同时考虑了居民对其观察的确认及其与城市结构的关系.

教育环境与儿童空间认知的城镇空间组成研究(英文)

文中从发展对儿童适宜的生活环境的观点出发来研究城市住房项目.该项研究是针对Makahari湾城镇的中层住宅及附属教育设施的公寓区展开的.文中采用草图来确定Makahari湾城镇中儿童生活与其环境之间的关系.1999年进行首次研究,接着在2003年进行第二次研究,此间该镇的建设有所发展.具体研究是利用儿童凭记忆点出的关于他们的住宅、学校、玩耍场地和其它较多被注意的场所的草图来进行的.在两次研究期间,该地区发生了许多实体环境的变化,这些变化能从儿童的草图的许多元素中反映出来.将这些草图中的变化加以对照、分析,并将环境的改变与儿童的空间认知的关系加以探讨,同时注意分析比较体现在草图中的区域范围.结果表明,儿童早期对目标物的了解能从Makahari湾的空间结构以及环境变化中得到增强,而两者都由方格的模式构成.经验、每日的生活以及对小学和儿童游戏场所的空间认知与儿童的生活环境息息相关.此项分析揭示了在一个发展中的住宅区中儿童对其生活环境的空间认知与其附属教育设施之间的关系.

A support tool incorporating a district disaster mitigation performance evaluation method for the examination of improvement plans in built-up areas

Approximately 20,000 ha of densely built-up areas still remain in Japan. However, the advance of improvements in these areas has been very slow. Thus, making draft improvement plans through citizen-administration partnerships is indispensable to promote improvements. The planning support tool proposed in this study supports a consensus-building process during the creation of draft improvement plans. We develop a disaster mitigation performance evaluation method （DMPEM） for built-up areas at the district level and incorporate this method into a disaster mitigation support Web-GIS. However, DMPEM requires lengthy calculation time because it uses the probabilistic Monte Carlo computation method. Using this tool in realime planning is therefore difficult. In this study, we first develop a system that reduces the calculation time required by DMPEM. Second, the support tool is used to make draft plans through citizen-administration partnerships in districts where residents are conducting various disaster mitigation activities. Finally, we investigate the usefulness of the tool for consensus building through the promotion of lively discussions among residents and clarify the issues associated with practical use of the tool.

Deviation of design air-conditioning load based on weather database of reference weather year and actual weather year

In Japan,in order to determine the capacity of air-conditioning equipment,designers usually use the weather database of Reference Weather Year(RWY)to obtain the design air-conditioning load by using software such as New HASP/ACLD and Building Energy Simulation Tool(BEST)that are often used in Japan.In recent years,with the global warming due to climate change,the weather database used to calculate air conditioning load also changes.Thus,in order to determine an appropriate capacity of air-conditioning equipment for energy conservation of buildings,the deviation of design air-conditioning load calculated using the weather database of RWY and Actual Weather Year(AWY)should be discussed.In this paper,New HASP/ACLD was used to calculate the building heat loads of eight major Japanese cities over 30 years(1981-2010)between RWY and AWY.The heat load at an exceedance probability of 2.5%is defined as the design air-conditioning load in this paper.Comparing the design air-conditioning load obtained from RWY and AWY,it is shown that it is not necessarily the most appropriate when using the RWY to calculate the design air-conditioning load,especially for heating load in winter.Additionally,it is also shown that the annual heating load time ratio has decreased and the annual cooling load time ratio has increased over the 30 years.