THE MAPPING RELATION AMONG SOLUTION OF SOME NONLINEAR EQUATIONS

Among the solutions of three kinds of nonlinear equations in one dimensional systems, cubic nonlinear Klein-Gordon (including Φ~4), Sine-Gordon and double Sine-Gordon, some mapping relations exist. When a solution of any one equation is known, so are the other two.

SOME ISSUES OF TURBULENCE STATISTICS

The issue of dropping the random force f(i) and the arbitrariness of choosing the basic variable in the variational approach to turbulence closure problem, pointed out recently by the Russian scientists Bazdenkov and Kukharkin, are discussed. According to the mean-square estimation method, the random force f(i) should be dropped in the error expression of the LFP (Langevin-Fokker-Planck) model. However, f(i) is not neglected, its effect has been taken into account by the variational approach. In order to optimize the perturbation solution of the Liouville equation, the LFP model requires that the basic variable is as near to Gaussian as possible. Hence, the velocity, instead of the vorticity, should be chosen as the basic variable in the three-dimensional turbulence. Although the LFP model and the zero-order Gaussian term of PDF (probability density function) imply whiteness assumption (zero correlation time of f(i)), the higher-order non-Gaussian terms of PDF correspond to the nonwhiteness of turbulence dynamics, the variational approach does calculate the nonwhiteness effect properly.

THE APPLICATION OF HOMOGENEOUS FUNCTION ANALYSIS TO RELATIVISTIC WkB APPROXIMATIONS

This paper illustrates how homogeneous function analysis can be generalized. to relativistic quantum mechanics for finding the WKB energy levels of Dirac particle in the positive power-law potentials (V = lambda-r(v), S = lambda'r(v), lambda, lambda', v > 0). The results show that the equation determining energy levels contains a product of hypergeometric function with some gamma functions, and the energy of particle is proportional to (2n(r) + l + 3/2) 2v/1 + v under the condition that the relativistic effect plays a principal role in contrast with the (2n(r) + l + 3/2) 2v/2 + v dependence in nonrelativistic case.

The Response of the Earth's Lower Ionosphere to Gamma-Ray Solar Flares and their Associated X-ray

The present work aims to explore the impact of solar gamma-ray fiares(GRFs),detected by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope(LAT),and their associated X-ray fiares(XRFs)on the Earth’s lower ionosphere.The data of ionospheric parameter fmin were collected from the Yamagawa mid-latitude ionosonde station in Japan.Because most of the GRFs used in this study are associated with soft X-ray(SXR)emissions,detected by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite(GOES),we classified them into three types:simultaneous(S),delayed(D)and not associated(N),refiecting the phase occurrence of the solar fiares.Generally,the ionospheric D layer responds strongly to XRFs more than GRFs.The temporal profiles of the ionospheric parameter fmin show distinct behaviors as a response to the various GRF types.In the case of the S-type,a single strong peak,with an average value of 5.2 MHz,emanates in the fmin profile within an average interval of time of less than half an hour.In the case of the D-type,two successive peaks appear in the fmin profile,with an average value of 6.0 MHz for the second peak through a time interval of one hour after the onset of gamma-ray(GR)emissions.The response of the fmin parameter to the N-type fiares appears as a single peak with an average value of 4.8 MHz within about an hour.We notice that the difference between the fmin peak values and the corresponding reference ones(dfmin)is more convenient and representative than the fmin values,where the median GR fiux of the S-,D-and N-types tends to increase as the average dfmin increases.

Application of Optical Coatings in Automotive Industry

From a production viewpoint , the optical thin films used to transparent substrates such as window glass for automobiles and the coating treatment process are reviewed. The state of the ar t of the technologies, and the problems to be solved and possible solutions ar e discussed. Market trends are forecasted.

Photoluminescence Characterization of Boron-doped Si Layers Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Photoluminescence spectra were used to characterize the boron-doped Si layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy using HBO2 as the doping source. The influence of boron doping concentration on the dislocation-related photoluminescence spectra of molecular beam epitaxy Si layers annealed at 900℃ was studied with different doping concentrations and growth temperature. The broad photoluminescence band（from 0.75eV to 0.90eV） including D1 and D2 bands was associated with high boron doping concentration in the samples, while D3 and D4 bands might be related to oxygen precipitates.

SABRE雷达及其观测的Pc5地磁脉动Ⅰ.统计分析结果

本文简要介绍了相干散射雷达SABRE及其观测Pc5地磁脉动的工作原理。1985—1989年观测数据的统计分析结果表明,相位向极传播脉动事件的出现率峰值在当地时间午夜附近,而向赤道传播事件的出现率峰值则在18:00LT左右。文中给出了上述两类脉动事件出现率的日变化,与地磁活动的相关,与背景电离层等离子体对流特性的关系等统计分析结果。

Optical A/D Quantizer Scheme Based on Parallel Phase Mod ulators

A high-speed and high-resolution optical A/D quantizer is proposed.Its architecture is discussed.Bit circuits are built by using the phase modulators in parallel.Based on the different character of the half-wave voltage for every phase modulator and the polarized bias design of incident light,the RF input signal is coled and transmitted in the form of optical digital signal.According to the principle of the architecture,the high-resolution quantizers with 8-bit and 12-bit,et al.are built,which operate at 100 GS/s.Their quantization noise is invariable almost with bit circuits increasing.The simulation result of 4-bit A/D quantizer is also given.

P-channel Ge/Si Hetero-nanocrystal Based MOSFET Memory

The charge storage characteristics of P-channel Ge/Si hetero-nanocrystal based MOSFET memory has been investigated and a logical array has been constructed using this memory cell. In the case of the thickness of tunneling oxide Tox = 2 nm and the dimensions of Si- and Ge-nanocrystal Dsi = DGe = 5 nm, the retention time of this device can reach ten years(～1 × 108 s) while the programming and erasing time achieve the orders of microsecond and millisecond at the control gate voltage | Vg | = 3 V with respect to N-wells,respectively. Therefore, this novel device, as an excellent nonvolatile memory operating at room temperature,is desired to obtain application in future VLSI.

体重指数对正中神经功能、腕管压力和正中神经横断面面积的影响

Obese individuals have slowed conduction in the median nerve across the wrist, but the mechanism for this is not established. This case control study of 27 o bese subjects and 16 thin subjects was designed to test the hypothesis that obes e individuals have higher carpal canal pressures and more median nerve swelling than thin individuals. Allsubjects were asymptomatic for hand symptoms, and had measurements of median and ulnar sensory nerve conduction in the nondominant han d, ultrasound measurement of the median nerve cross sectional area proximal to the carpalcanal, and carpal canal pressure measurement. There was no difference in age or gender ratio between the obese and thin groups. The median nerve cross sectional area was equal in the obese and thin groups (9.3 mm2 vs. 9.4 mm2), a s was the carpal canal pressure (16.2 mmHg vs. 15.5 mmHg, respectively). There w as a strong correlation between median nerve conduction slowing across the wrist and median nerve cross sectional area at the wrist (r = 0.55, P = 0.002). Obes ity does not influence carpal canal pressure or the size of the median nerve at the wrist. However, t here is a strong association between slowed median nerve conduction and increase d nerve size which suggests endoneurial edema as a metabolic mechanism; the cond uction slowing does not appear to be related to mechanical stress.

慢性卒中患者双上肢训练与运动皮层激活的随机对照试验

Context: Reorganization in central motor networks occurs during early recovery from hemiparetic stroke. In chronic stroke survivors, specific rehabilitation therapy can improve upper extremity function. Abstract:Objective: To test the hypothesis that in patients who have chronic motor impairment following stroke, specific rehabilitation therapy that improves arm function is associated with reorganization of cortical networks. Design, Setting, and Patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in a US ambulatory rehabilitation program with 21 patients (median [IQR], 50.3 [34.8- 77.3] months after unilateral stroke). Data were collected between 2001 and 2004. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to bilateral arm training with rhythmic auditory cueing (BATRAC) (n=9) or standardized dose- matched therapeutic exercises (DMTE) (n=12). Both were conducted for 1 hour, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: Within 2 weeks before and after the intervention, brain activation during elbow movement assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional outcome assessed using arm function scores. Results: Patients in the BATRAC group but not in the DMTE group increased hemispheric activation during paretic arm movement (P = .03). Changes in activation were observed in the contralesional cerebrum and ipsilesional cerebellum (P=.009). BATRAC was associated with significant increases in activation in precentral (P < .001) and postcentral gyri (P=.03) and the cerebellum (P < .001), although 3 BATRAC patients showed no fMRI changes. Considering all patients, there were no differences in functional outcome between groups. When only BATRAC patients with fMRI response were included (n=6), BATRAC improved arm function more than DMTE did (P=.02). Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that BATRAC induces reorganization in contralesional motor networks and provide biological plausibility for repetitive bilateral training as a potential therapy for upper extremity rehabilitation in hemiparetic stroke.

慢性腰背痛患者的P50潜伏中期听觉诱发电位

Objective: Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) show arousal, attentiona l and cognitive disturbances. The sleep state dependent P50 midlatency auditory evoked potential was used to determine if patients with CLBP [with and without c o-morbid depression (DEP)] show quantitative disturbances in the manifestation of the P50 potential. Methods: P50 potential latency,amplitude and habituation t o repetitive stimuli at 250,500and 1000 ms interstimulus intervals (ISIs) was re corded, along with the McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form (MPQ-SF).CLBP subj ects (n=42) were compared with Controls (n=43), and with subjects with DEP only (n=6). Of the CLBP subjects, 20/42 had clinical depression (CLBP+DEP); 8/20 wer e taking anti-depressant medication (CLBP+DEP+med), the others were not (CLBP +DEP-med). Results: There were no differences (ANOVA) in age, sex or P50 poten tial latency, although there was a trend towards increased latencies in CLBP gro ups. P50 potential amplitude was lower in CLBP groups, but not in sub-groups, a gain indicating a trend. P50 potential habituation was decreased in the DEP only subjects at the 250 m ISI, and decreased in CLBP+DEPmed subjects at the 500 ms ISI. This difference was not present in CLBP+DEP+med subjects. The MPQ-SF re vealed that patients with CLBP and CLBP+DEP-med showed lower pain scores than CLBP+DEP+med patients. Conclusions: There is decreased habituation of the P50 potential habituation in unmedicated patients with CLBP+DEP compared to C ontrols.Significance: Patients with CLBP+DEP-med may be less able to disregard incoming sensory information, including painful sensations, but anti-depressan t medications help correct this deficit. However, their perception of pain may b e increased by medication.

活动星系核中“FeⅡ发射线问题”的新探索——Ⅰ.基本考虑

自从1967年Wampler等人首次认定3C 273发射谱的一些未确定特征峰为光学的FeⅡ发射线丛之后,许多人在认定其类似的特征峰为Fell发射线丛的基础上,对大量的Seyfert星系和类星体进行了深入的观测和理论研究。通常认为,光学FeⅡ发射线产生于从能级3(以字母“z”为标志的能级,大约为5.5eV左右)到亚稳能级2(以字母“a”,“b”