A new record of Lopadostoma fagi is described in Italy from Fagus sylvatica based on morphological and molecular data.It has effused-pulvinate stromata immersed in the host tissue,with a narrow,black,carbonized encase...A new record of Lopadostoma fagi is described in Italy from Fagus sylvatica based on morphological and molecular data.It has effused-pulvinate stromata immersed in the host tissue,with a narrow,black,carbonized encasement.The ectostromatic disc is visible as a clypeus and surrounded by the reddish brown bark surface.In the combined phylogenetic analysis of ITS,LSU and RPB2 sequence data,the strain derived from the specimen clustered with other L.fagi strains with high bootstrap support.A morphological description with detailed photographs for L.fagi is provided in this study.展开更多
Fungal stromata were recently discovered in association with charcoal and burnt soil aggregates during an archaeological survey in the Chaˆtillon-sur-Seine forest massif.The wood and soil in the samples were dated to ...Fungal stromata were recently discovered in association with charcoal and burnt soil aggregates during an archaeological survey in the Chaˆtillon-sur-Seine forest massif.The wood and soil in the samples were dated to the medieval period(between 738 and 1411 AD).Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that a few of the stromatal fragments still contained ascospores.Their macromorphological characters were described and secondary metabolite profiles were generated using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection(HPLC–DAD/MS).The combination of these two data lines then allowed species identification.Most of the fragments were assigned to Hypoxylon fragiforme,the type species of the Hypoxylaceae(Xylariales).Two further species whose stromata grew on the fossil charcoal could be tentatively identified as Jackrogersella cohaerens and(more tentatively)as Hypoxylon vogesiacum.These three species are still commonly encountered in the forests of Central Europe today.Furthermore,the HPLC-HRMS data of H.fragiforme suggested the presence of unknown azaphilone dimers and of further new pigments.These archaeological compounds were compared to fresh stromata of H.fragiforme collected in Germany and subjected to the same analytical protocol.While the major components in both samples were identified as the known mitorubrin type azaphilones and orsellinic acid,the chemical structures of seven novel complex azaphilone pigments,for which we propose the trivial names rutilins C-D and fragirubrins A-E,were elucidated using spectral methods(NMR and CD spectroscopy,high resolution mass spectrometry).It appears that these pigments had indeed persisted for millennia in the fossil stromata.展开更多
文摘A new record of Lopadostoma fagi is described in Italy from Fagus sylvatica based on morphological and molecular data.It has effused-pulvinate stromata immersed in the host tissue,with a narrow,black,carbonized encasement.The ectostromatic disc is visible as a clypeus and surrounded by the reddish brown bark surface.In the combined phylogenetic analysis of ITS,LSU and RPB2 sequence data,the strain derived from the specimen clustered with other L.fagi strains with high bootstrap support.A morphological description with detailed photographs for L.fagi is provided in this study.
文摘Fungal stromata were recently discovered in association with charcoal and burnt soil aggregates during an archaeological survey in the Chaˆtillon-sur-Seine forest massif.The wood and soil in the samples were dated to the medieval period(between 738 and 1411 AD).Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that a few of the stromatal fragments still contained ascospores.Their macromorphological characters were described and secondary metabolite profiles were generated using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection(HPLC–DAD/MS).The combination of these two data lines then allowed species identification.Most of the fragments were assigned to Hypoxylon fragiforme,the type species of the Hypoxylaceae(Xylariales).Two further species whose stromata grew on the fossil charcoal could be tentatively identified as Jackrogersella cohaerens and(more tentatively)as Hypoxylon vogesiacum.These three species are still commonly encountered in the forests of Central Europe today.Furthermore,the HPLC-HRMS data of H.fragiforme suggested the presence of unknown azaphilone dimers and of further new pigments.These archaeological compounds were compared to fresh stromata of H.fragiforme collected in Germany and subjected to the same analytical protocol.While the major components in both samples were identified as the known mitorubrin type azaphilones and orsellinic acid,the chemical structures of seven novel complex azaphilone pigments,for which we propose the trivial names rutilins C-D and fragirubrins A-E,were elucidated using spectral methods(NMR and CD spectroscopy,high resolution mass spectrometry).It appears that these pigments had indeed persisted for millennia in the fossil stromata.