与冲蚀有关的粘着与犁沟摩擦系数

提出一种与冲击磨损有关的有效摩擦系数,它被定义为冲击过程中,每一瞬间的切向有效摩擦力与法向载荷之比.有效摩擦力被表示为剪切项与犁沟项之组合.剪切项依赖于剪切金属接合点的状态——滑移或滚动.犁沟项依赖于冲击物在冲击途中使靶材料发生移动的状态.此有效摩擦系数被应用于研究刚性球自由斜冲击延性靶问题.在忽略剪切项仅计及犁沟项的情况下,研究表明,Hutchings实验中的有效冲击摩擦系数是冲击过程与初始冲击角的函数,就时间平均而言,大于Hutchings为拟合计算与实验结果所取的摩擦系数常值0.05.有迹象表明,对于与固粒延性冲蚀有关的刚性球自由斜冲击延性靶问题,在一定条件下,有效摩擦系数主要由犁沟效应确定.

粘着摩擦系数的分形几何研究

计及作用于接触斑点上的切向力,通过比较作用于接触斑点上的法向弹性载荷与法向塑性载荷,确定了区分弹性接触与塑性接触区域的临界接触斑点面积.总的粘着摩擦系数被表示为弹性接触区与塑性接触区的粘着摩擦系数的组合.假设屈服压力及局部粘着摩擦系数不依赖于接触斑点且等于塑性接触区中的平均值,则总的粘着摩擦系数可用简单的表达式描述.分形几何参数及归一接触面积对于粘着摩擦系数的效应已通过算例表明,研究中,分别考虑了忽略与计及接触斑点的微粒问的相互作用,两种情况的结果完全不同.

固粒击靶的有效摩擦系数

定义一种固粒击靶的有效冲击摩擦系数为粘着项与犁沟项的组合,其中包含表征剪切金属结合点的状态滑动或滚动的状态参数以及表征冲击物在击靶过程中产生犁沟效应的状态参数。研究表明,对于硬钢球斜冲击软钢靶情况,在连续滑移的情况下,只有在计及接触斑点的微粒间的相互作用的一定条件下,粘着项的值才可能接近0.05,这是Hutchings为使一系列数值计算的钢球反弹速度及角度与实验结果一致,在所有计算中所取的调节参数“摩擦系数”值。然而,研究表明,对于著名的Hutchings实验,如果连续犁沟发生,犁沟项则是冲击过程及初始冲击角的函数,就过程平均而言,其值大于0.05。由此,可认为,冲击过程中可滑移界面瞬间的滑移、滚动及犁沟状态的转化使Hutchings实验中的“摩擦系数”约为0.05;一般而言,这些状态的转化使固粒击靶的有效摩擦系数的过程平均值远小于低速简单滑移的摩擦系数。

加速管道流瞬态壁面摩擦阻力及湍流行为实验研究

通过对加速管道流瞬态壁面摩擦阻力及湍流行为的实验研究,并将改进的统计平均法应用于实验数据的处理。结果表明,加速管道流瞬态时均壁面切应力较稳态壁面切应力存在明显差异,工况1中最大差值接近于稳态值的2倍。流动加速率的降低和初始流量的增加缩短了湍流的滞后段,减小了瞬态壁面切应力与稳态值的差别。瞬态壁面切应力及湍流的发展可分为4个典型阶段,前2个阶段为湍流的滞后期,流动惯性占据主导地位,后2个阶段为湍流的发展阶段。

论计算运动学在机构理论中的作用(英文)

简述了计算运动学的发展过程,论述了计算运动学的基础理论,并利用两个实例展现了计算运动学在机构运动分析中的作用。最后以转向机构综合为例,对比传统综合方法和现代计算运动学方法的特点。结果表明:计算运动学方法在寻找所有解,精度和系统性等方面具有较大的优势。

Output only modal identification and structural damage detection using time frequency & wavelet techniques

The primary objective of this paper is to develop output only modal identification and structural damage detection. Identification of multi-degree of freedom （MDOF） linear time invariant （LTI） and linear time variant （LTV--due to damage） systems based on Time-frequency （TF） techniques--such as short-time Fourier transform （STFT）, empirical mode decomposition （EMD）, and wavelets--is proposed. STFT, EMD, and wavelet methods developed to date are reviewed in detail. In addition a Hilbert transform （HT） approach to determine frequency and damping is also presented. In this paper, STFT, EMD, HT and wavelet techniques are developed for decomposition of free vibration response of MDOF systems into their modal components. Once the modal components are obtained, each one is processed using Hilbert transform to obtain the modal frequency and damping ratios. In addition, the ratio of modal components at different degrees of freedom facilitate determination of mode shape. In cases with output only modal identification using ambient/random response, the random decrement technique is used to obtain free vibration response. The advantage of TF techniques is that they arc signal based; hence, can be used for output only modal identification. A three degree of freedom 1：10 scale model test structure is used to validate the proposed output only modal identification techniques based on STFT, EMD, HT, wavelets. Both measured free vibration and forced vibration （white noise） response are considered. The secondary objective of this paper is to show the relative ease with which the TF techniques can be used for modal identification and their potential for real world applications where output only identification is essential. Recorded ambient vibration data processed using techniques such as the random decrement technique can be used to obtain the free vibration response, so that further processing using TF based modal identification can be performed.

A Practical Approach of Developing Mathematical Model for All Speed Governors

The paper introduced a special approach for diesel’s all-speed-governor modeling, which, in some cases, could solve the knotty problem frequently met in computer simulation of diesel propulsion system or diesel generating set. Suppose that it is hard to get a control-oriented governor mathematical model when the general approaches, the analytical approach or the experimental approach, are applied, and that an open-loop step response of the diesel engine and its system is available by means of computer simulation, the critical three parameters of a governor mathematical model, the proportional gain K_p, integral time constant K_i, and derivative time constant K_d, can be determined by use of PID tuning method which are widely applied in industrial process control. This paper discussed the train of thought of the approach, precondition, procedure, several modifications of the classical PID model, and some points for attention. A couple of case studies were given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.

Economy Analysis of a Recycle Model of End-of-Life Vehicle

In order to evaluate recycle economy of end-of-life vehicles quantitatively,an economy model based on a recycle model of end-of-life vehicles and recycle cost analysis. With a practical example of recycling engines of end-of-life vehicles ,the validity of the recycle economy model and good recycle economy of the end-of-life vehicle engine were justified. It is concluded that ① remanufacture-ability of the part or component of the vehicles; ② the organization and management level of a recycle corporation; ③ policies and regulations of the government are crucial factors to raise the recycle economy of the end-of-life vehicle.

Pattern Recognition of Thermal Analysis Cooling Curves and Quality Evaluation of Melt Cast Alloys

The development of thermal analysis techniques for evaluation of cast alloy melt quality and its current applications in the foundry were reviewed. The characteristics of the current thermal analysis techniques were analyzed. A new comprehensive method for cooling curve recognition has been proposed. The evaluation of cast alloy melt quality was realized.