Sliding and damming properties of granular debris with different geometric configurations and grain size distributions

Granular debris plays a significant role in determining damming deposit characteristics. An indepth understanding of how variations in grain size distribution(GSD) and geometric configurations impact the behavior of granular debris during the occurrence of granular debris is essential for precise assessment and effective mitigation of landslide hazards in mountainous terrains. This research aims to investigate the impact of GSD and geometric configurations on sliding and damming properties through laboratory experiments. The geometric configurations were categorized into three categories based on the spatial distribution of maximum volume: located at the front(Type Ⅰ), middle(Type Ⅱ), and rear(Type Ⅲ) of the granular debris. Our experimental findings highlight that the sliding and damming processes primarily depend on the interaction among the geometric configuration, grain size, and GSD in granular debris. Different sliding and damming mechanisms across various geometric configurations induce variability in motion parameters and deposition patterns. For Type Ⅰ configurations, the front debris functions as the critical and primary driving component, with energy dissipation primarily occurring through inter-grain interactions. In contrast, Type Ⅱ configurations feature the middle debris as the dominant driving component, experiencing hindrance from the front debris and propulsion from the rear, leading to complex alterations in sliding motion. Here, energy dissipation arises from a combination of inter-grain and grain-substrate interactions. Lastly, in Type Ⅲ configurations, both the middle and rear debris serve as the main driving components, with the rear sliding debris impeded by the front. In this case, energy dissipation predominantly results from grainsubstrate interaction. Moreover, we have quantitatively demonstrated that the inverse grading in damming deposits, where coarse grain moves upward and fine grain moves downward, is primarily caused by grain sorting due to collisions among the grains and between the grain and the base. The impact of grain on the horizontal channel further aids grain sorting and contributes to inverse grading. The proposed classification of three geometric configurations in our study enhances the understanding of damming properties from the view of mechanism, which provides valuable insights for related study about damming granular debris.

Mechanical behavior and response mechanism of porous metal structures manufactured by laser powder bed fusion under compressive loading

Al Si10Mg porous protective structure often produces different damage forms under compressive loading,and these damage modes affect its protective function.In order to well meet the service requirements,there is an urgent need to comprehensively understand the mechanical behavior and response mechanism of AlSi10Mg porous structures under compressive loading.In this paper,Al Si10Mg porous structures with three kinds of volume fractions are designed and optimized to meet the requirements of high-impact,strong-energy absorption,and lightweight characteristics.The mechanical behaviors of AlSi10Mg porous structures,including the stress-strain relationship,structural bearing state,deformation and damage modes,and energy absorption characteristics,were obtained through experimental studies at different loading rates.The damage pattern of the damage section indicates that AlSi10Mg porous structures have both ductile and brittle mechanical properties.Numerical simulation studies show that the AlSi10Mg porous structure undergoes shear damage due to relative misalignment along the diagonal cross-section,and the damage location is almost at 45°to the load direction,which is the most direct cause of its structural damage,revealing the damage mechanism of AlSi10Mg porous structures under the compressive load.The normalized energy absorption model constructed in the paper well interprets the energy absorption state of Al Si10Mg porous structures and gives the sensitive location of the structures,and the results of this paper provide important references for peers in structural design and optimization.

Research on Strategies to Promote the Integration of Industrial Chain,Innovation Chain,and Supply Chain in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

With the rapid development of international economic integration,industrial competition has gradually evolved from a competition of enterprise capabilities and resources to a game of comprehensive system collaboration capabilities among all participating parties.That is,the competition in the current international economy has evolved into an interactive and collaborative competition among the“three chains”of industry chain,capital chain,and innovation chain.Based on analyzing the current situation of the integration of the industrial chain,innovation chain,and supply chain,this article deeply analyzes the geographical advantages of the three chains in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.From the perspective of scientific and technological innovation and talent cooperation synergy,it proposes the integration strategy of the three chains in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Flow Direction Level Traffic Flow Prediction Based on a GCN-LSTM Combined Model

Traffic flow prediction plays an important role in intelligent transportation systems and is of great significance in the applications of traffic control and urban planning.Due to the complexity of road traffic flow data,traffic flow prediction has been one of the challenging tasks to fully exploit the spatiotemporal characteristics of roads to improve prediction accuracy.In this study,a combined flow direction level traffic flow prediction graph convolutional network(GCN)and long short-term memory(LSTM)model based on spatiotemporal characteristics is proposed.First,a GCN model is employed to capture the topological structure of the data graph and extract the spatial features of road networks.Additionally,due to the capability to handle long-term dependencies,the longterm memory is used to predict the time series of traffic flow and extract the time features.The proposed model is evaluated using real-world data,which are obtained from the intersection of Liuquan Road and Zhongrun Avenue in the Zibo High-Tech Zone of China.The results show that the developed combined GCNLSTM flow direction level traffic flow prediction model can perform better than the single models of the LSTM model and GCN model,and the combined ARIMA-LSTM model in traffic flow has a strong spatiotemporal correlation.

Action Recognition and Detection Based on Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Summary

Action recognition and detection is an important research topic in computer vision,which can be divided into action recognition and action detection.At present,the distinction between action recognition and action detection is not clear,and the relevant reviews are not comprehensive.Thus,this paper summarized the action recognition and detection methods and datasets based on deep learning to accurately present the research status in this field.Firstly,according to the way that temporal and spatial features are extracted from the model,the commonly used models of action recognition are divided into the two stream models,the temporal models,the spatiotemporal models and the transformer models according to the architecture.And this paper briefly analyzes the characteristics of the four models and introduces the accuracy of various algorithms in common data sets.Then,from the perspective of tasks to be completed,action detection is further divided into temporal action detection and spatiotemporal action detection,and commonly used datasets are introduced.From the perspectives of the twostage method and one-stage method,various algorithms of temporal action detection are reviewed,and the various algorithms of spatiotemporal action detection are summarized in detail.Finally,the relationship between different parts of action recognition and detection is discussed,the difficulties faced by the current research are summarized in detail,and future development was prospected。

First molecular identification of multiple tick‑borne pathogens in livestock within Kassena‑Nankana,Ghana

The risk of pathogen transmission continues to increase significantly in the presence of tick vectors due to the trade of livestock across countries.In Ghana,there is a lack of data on the incidence of tick-borne pathogens that are of zoonotic and veterinary importance.This study,therefore,aimed to determine the prevalence of such pathogens in livestock using molecular approaches.A total of 276 dry blood spots were collected from cattle(100),sheep(95)and goats(81)in the Kassena-Nankana Districts.The samples were analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction(qPCR)and conventional assays and Sanger sequencing that targeted pathogens including Rickettsia,Coxiella,Babesia,Theileria,Ehrlichia and Anaplasma.An overall prevalence of 36.96%was recorded from the livestock DBS,with mixed infections seen in 7.97%samples.Furthermore,the prevalence of infections in livestock was recorded to be 19.21%in sheep,14.13%in cattle,and 3.62%in goats.The pathogens identified were Rickettsia spp.(3.26%),Babesia sp.Lintan(8.70%),Theileria orientalis(2.17%),Theileria parva(0.36%),Anaplasma capra(18.48%),Anaplasma phagocytophilum(1.81%),Anaplasma marginale(3.26%)and Anaplasma ovis(7.25%).This study reports the first molecular identification of the above-mentioned pathogens in livestock in Ghana and highlights the use of dry blood spots in resource-limited settings.In addition,this research provides an update on tick-borne pathogens in Ghana,suggesting risks to livestock production and human health.Further studies will be essential to establish the distribution and epidemiology of these pathogens in Ghana.

Modeling the Hook Depth Distribution of Pelagic Longlining in the Equatorial Area of Indian Ocean

A survey was conducted in the equatorial area of Indian Ocean for a better understanding of the dynamics of hook depth distribution of pelagic longline fishery. We determined the relationship between hook depth and vertical shear of current coefficieney, wind speed, hook position code, sine of wind angle, sine of angle of attack and weight of messenger weight. We identified the hook depth models by the analysis of covariance with a general linear model. The results showed that the wind effect on the hook depth can be ignored from October to November in the survey area; the surface current effect on the hook depth can be ignored; the equato- rial undercurrent is the key factor for the hook depth in Indian Ocean; and there is a negative correlation between the hook depth and vertical shear of current and angle of attack. It was also found that the deeper the hook was set, the higher hook depth shoaling was. The proposed model improves the accuracy of the prediction of hook depth, which can be used to estimate the vertical distribution of pelagic fish in water column.

Recovery of bismuth and antimony metals from pressure-leaching slag

The leaching behavior of metals from a pressure-leaching slag was investigated using a desulphurization-leaching-hydrolysis process for the recovery of bismuth and antimony.Various parameters were studied,including the amount of acid added,temperature,time,addition of NaCl and solid-liquid ratio in the leaching process.The experimental results show that the contents of bismuth and antimony are mostly enriched in the process of kerosene desulphurization.More than 98% Sb and 96% Bi are extracted under the determined conditions.In the process of hydrolysis,the precipitation rates of bismuth and antimony are 97.80% and 94.59%,respectively.Under the optimum experimental conditions,the recovery rate of bismuth and antimony can be up to 95.80% and 90.80%,respectively.

Bistable Stochastic Resonance Enhanced 4-ary PAM Signal Detection under Low SNR

To boost the performance of 4-ary pulse amplitude modulated(PAM) at low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), bistable stochastic resonance(BSR) system is introduced into digital communications system and get a reliable signal detection scheme. In this paper, we first analyse BSR system for different amplitudes of 4-ary PAM signals. The steadystate of the bistable system will be statistically distinct, and the feasibility of the proposed detection scheme is confirmed. On this basis, we present a detailed study on steady-state transitions of the BSR system, and an explicit expression of the bistable system parameters is derived. By setting the bistable system parameters, bistable system, 4-ary PAM signal, and noise reach the resonance state, and the BSR-based detection scheme is implemented. Moreover, we derive an analytical expression to calculate the symbol error rate(SER) of 4-ary PAM signals with the BSR-based detection under additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN). Finally, the simulation results validate that BSR-based detection scheme can improve the detection performance while efficiently reducing the symbol error rate.

Abundance quantification by independent component analysis of hyperspectral imagery for oil spill coverage calculation

The estimation of oil spill coverage is an important part of monitoring of oil spills at sea.The spatial resolution of images collected by airborne hyper-spectral remote sensing limits both the detection of oil spills and the accuracy of estimates of their size.We consider at-sea oil spills with zonal distribution in this paper and improve the traditional independent component analysis algorithm.For each independent component we added two constraint conditions:non-negativity and constant sum.We use priority weighting by higher-order statistics,and then the spectral angle match method to overcome the order nondeterminacy.By these steps,endmembers can be extracted and abundance quantified simultaneously.To examine the coverage of a real oil spill and correct our estimate,a simulation experiment and a real experiment were designed using the algorithm described above.The result indicated that,for the simulation data,the abundance estimation error is 2.52% and minimum root mean square error of the reconstructed image is 0.030 6.We estimated the oil spill rate and area based on eight hyper-spectral remote sensing images collected by an airborne survey of Shandong Changdao in 2011.The total oil spill area was 0.224 km^2,and the oil spill rate was 22.89%.The method we demonstrate in this paper can be used for the automatic monitoring of oil spill coverage rates.It also allows the accurate estimation of the oil spill area.

The Geochemical and Zircon Trace Elements Characteristics of A-type Granitoids in Boziguoer, Baicheng County, Xinjiang

The Boziguoer A-type granitoids in Baicheng County,Xinjiang,belong to the northern margin of the Tarim platform as well as the neighboring EW-oriented alkaline intrusive rocks.The rocks comprise an aegirine or arfvedsonite quartz alkali feldspar syenite,an aegirine or arfvedsonite alkali feldspar granite,and a biotite alkali feldspar syenite.The major rock-forming minerals are albite,K-feldspar,quartz,arfvedsonite,aegirine,and siderophyllite.The accessory minerals are mainly zircon,pyrochlore,thorite,fluorite,monazite,bastnaesite,xenotime,and astrophyllite.The chemical composition of the alkaline granitoids show that SiO2 varies from 64.55％ to 72.29％ with a mean value of 67.32％,Na2O＋K2O is high （9.85％-11.87％） with a mean of 11.14％,K2O is 2.39％-5.47％ （mean =4.73％）,the K2O/Na2O ratios are 0.31-0.96,Al2O3 ranges from 12.58％ to 15.44％,and total FeOT is between 2.35％ and 5.65％.CaO,MgO,MnO,and TiO2 are low.The REE content is high and the total SREE is （263-1219） ppm （mean =776 ppm）,showing LREE enrichment and HREE depletion with strong negative Eu anomalies.In addition,the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the alkaline granitoids belong to the ＂seagull＂ pattern of the right-type.The Zr content is （113-1246） ppm （mean =594 ppm）,Zr＋Nb＋Ce＋Y is between （478-2203） ppm with a mean of 1362 ppm.Furthermore,the alkaline granitoids have high HFSE （Ga,Nb,Ta,Zr,and Hf） content and low LILE （Ba,K,and Sr） content.The Nb/Ta ratio varies from 7.23 to 32.59 （mean =16.59） and the Zr/Hf ratio is 16.69-58.04 （mean =36.80）.The zircons are depleted in LREE and enriched in HREE.The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the zircons are of the ＂seagull＂ pattern of the left-inclined type with strong negative Eu anomaly and without a Ce anomaly.The Boziguoer A-type granitoids share similar features with A1-type granites.The average temperature of the granitic magma was estimated at 832-839℃.The Boziguoer A-type granitoids show crust-mantle mixing and may have formed in an anorogenic intraplate tectonic setting under high-temperature,anhydrous,and low oxygen fugacity conditions.

EFFECTS OF DIABETES ON HEARING AND COCHLEAR STRUCTURES

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, with various patho-genic mechanisms. From absolute or relative insulin deficiency, patients with DM often demonstrate vari-ous levels of metabolic disorders. Major clinical manifestations of DM include metabolic disorders, vascu-lar lesions, circulatory disturbances and neurologic complications. Along with advances in DM research, re-ports of DM related tinnitus and hearing impairment have increased continuously. Research on DM related auditory system dysfunction has focused on cochlear microcirculation, cellular homeostasis, genetics and ag-ing. Cochlear microcirculation plays an important role in cochlear physiology and its disorders are associat-ed with many inner ear diseases. Ischemia and subsequent reperfusion seen in cochlear microcirculation dis-orders are important factors in hearing damage. Understanding cochlear microcirculation and structural as well as functional changes in DM patients with hearing loss and their causal factors will help reveal patho-genic mechanisms in diabetic hearing loss and provide new ideas in developing interventions and preventing damages caused by diabetes.

Characteristics and evaluation of Mesozoic source rocks in the southeastern East China Sea continental shelf

Source rocks are the material basis of oil and gas generation and determine the potential resources of exploration blocks and have important research value. This paper studies the lithology, thickness, and geochemistry of Mesozoic source rocks in the southeastern East China Sea continental shelf. The results show that the Mesozoic source rocks are mainly dark mudstone and coal-bearing strata. The total thickness of Lower–Middle Jurassic source rocks ranges from 100 m to 700 m, and that of Lower Cretaceous source rocks ranges from 50 m to 350 m. The overall thickness of Mesozoic source rocks is distributed in the NE direction and their thickness center is located in the Jilong Depression. The Lower–Middle Jurassic source rocks are mainly developed shallow marine dark mudstone and transitional coal measure strata. Those of the Lower Cretaceous are mainly mudstone of a fan delta front. Lower –Middle Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon source rocks are dominated by type III kerogen, with Lower –Middle Jurassic hydrocarbon source rocks having high organic matter abundance and being medium –good hydrocarbon source rocks, while Lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon source rocks have relatively poor quality. From northwest to southeast, the vitrinite reflectance Ro of Mesozoic source rocks increases gradually. Source rocks in the study area are divided into three types. The first hydrocarbon-generating area is mainly located in the southeastern region of the study area, and the Jilong Depression is the hydrocarbongenerating center. The results of this study can provide a basis for exploration of Mesozoic oil and gas resources in the southeastern East China Sea continental shelf.

Meteorite classification for building the Chinese Antarctic Meteorite Depository Introduction of the classification of 500 Grove Mountains meteorites

Meteorites provide an important window into the origins and evolution of the solar system. Since the first four meteorites were recovered in Grove Mountains, Antarctica, in 1998, a further total of 12665 meteorites have been collected over seven polar seasons in the Grove Mountains. All of these meteorites are owned and managed by the Chinese Antarctic Meteorite Depository （CAMD） at the Polar Research Institute of China （PRIC）. In recent years, another 500 Antarctic meteorites have been classified and characterized based on mineralogy and petrology. In this work we examine four samples that have been identified as terrestrial, and a further 496 samples that have been confirmed as meteorites. These meteorites are further divided into different types：488 ordinary chondrites, one eucrite, one ureilite, one CM2 carbonaceous chondrite, one EH4 enstatite chondrite, one mesosiderite and three iron meteorites. The classification of meteorites not only provides an abundance of fundamental scientific data, but is also significant for introducing meteorites and related scientific knowledge to the publics particularly via the website of Chinese Resource-sharing Platform of Polar Samples for scientific research and education.

Leaching process of selenium residue

A thermodynamics analysis on the leaching process of selenium residue and discussion on the behaviors of aqueous ionic in the leaching process were carried out. Through thermodynamical calculation, the values of AG and relevant potential expressions were obtained. According to these thermodynamical data, the φ-pH diagrams of Se-H2O system at 298 and 373 K were obtained; Simultaneously, the φ-pH diagrams of SO2-H2O and SO2-Se-H2O systems were drawn at 298 K. With increasing the temperature, the stable regions of HSeO3, SeO2- and SeO2- in the φ-pH diagram of Se-H2O system become gradually large, but the limits of pH in the stable region become gradually small. The stability area of reduction precipitation in the SO2-Se-H2O system was finally determined. The results of oxidization leaching experiments of selenium residue indicate that when the mass ratio of selenium residue to sodium chlorate is 2, the concentration of sulfuric acid is 300 g/L and the residue is agitated for 3 h at leaching temperature of 80 ℃, the leaching rate of selenium could reach 97.76 %. The experimental results conform the calculated results by φ-pH diagram. The selenium reduction precipitation in oxidization-leaching solution was analyzed under the conditions of acidity of 150 g/L, the sodium sulphite concentration of 35 g/L at the reductive temperature of 23 ℃ for 120 min. And this demonstrates the thermodynamics analysis.

Experimental study on performance that carbon dioxide inhibits coal oxidation and spontaneous combustion

Adopting oil-bath temperature programming experiment and gas chromatography, CO2＇s inhibitory performance on spontaneous combustion of Tingnan Coal Mine sample was analyzed. Through temperature rise rate test experiment, the accuracy, stability and reliability of the improved oil-bath temperature programming system applied in this experiment was proved to be superior to the traditional system. Spontaneous combustion characters parameters test of coal sample in pure air was carried out with this system and offered comparison standard for research in next stage. Temperature programming to coal sample was further conducted in oil-bath with different concentration of CO2. Testing results are compared with parameters of concentration of CO, O2, temperature, CO generation rate and O2 consumption rate tested and calculated in previous experiment in pure air. Methods of proportioning between concentration of CO and O2, CO concentration and temperature, CO generation rate and O2 consumption rate were applied to eliminate obstructions from certain external factors such as inlet of CO2; meanwhile influences of CO2 of different concentrations to coal oxidation and spontaneous combustion were investigated. Also CO2 inhibition technique was used in spontaneous combustion prevention in workface No. 106 of Tingnan Coal Mine, data collected from which indicate that CO2 performs well in inhibiting coal oxidation and spontaneous combustion.

Improved Cd determination in glasses by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using nitrogen as a matrix modifier

The addition of 5-10 mL min^-1 nitrogen to the central channel of plasma in Laser ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry （LA-ICP-MS） increases the sensitivities of Cd by a factor of 3 and decreases oxide interferences by one order of magnitude, which allows the direct analysis of trace levels of Cd in glass samples. This simple method shows a great potential for the direct determination of Cd in various kinds of samples.

Distribution characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in coastal areas of Okinawa Island,Japan

Surface sediment and seawater samples were collected from coastal areas around Okinawa Island from September 2001 to May 2002. The samples were analyzed for total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels and homolog composition. The results show that total PCB levels ranged from 0.32 to 128.7 ng/g (dry wt.) in sediment and 1.59 to 2.48 ng/L in seawater. The levels exceed the Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) for water pollution of Japan. The distribution of PCB homolog showed different patterns in the sediments and seawaters. Penta-chlorobiphenyls (CBs) comprised the main congener group in seawater, while hexa-CBs were more abundant homologs in the sediments. The heavily contaminated sites featured higher CBs, including penta-CBs, hexa-CBs, and hepta-CBs, than those in less contaminated sites where tri-CBs dominated. This study provides current distribution and geochemical behavior of PCBs in the coastal areas around Okinawa Island.

Numerical Simulation and Performance Analysis on Windmill Starting Process of Small Turbojet Engine

A new simulation strategy is proposed for the starting process of missile turbojet engine windmill. The starting process of windmill before ignition is simulated using a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) , and the acceleration process after ignition which model is a set of nonlinear equations is solved using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The introduction of PSO helped to tackle the problem of divergence caused by traditional iteration methods. The calculated result is in a great agreement with test data, which shows that the presented model has a high accuracy. The starting processes are simulated at different ignition times, and the results are analyzed synthetically. The analysis shows how the ignition time affects the starting performance of engine windmill. The method offers a useful tool for ignition time optimization as well as engine starting performance analysis.