Assessment of Diabetes Control Level and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetics patients. Our work aimed to assess the level of control of type 2 diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors. Patients and study method: This was an observational cross-sectional study of type 2 diabetics patients. The parameters studied were: sociodemographic data, lifestyle, anthropometric data, levels of control of diabetes by the level of HbA1C, blood pressure measured at the office and cholesterol. Results: 326 type 2 diabetics patients were collected. The sex-ratio was 0.35. The average age of the patients was 58 ± 11 years. A physical inactivity remained present in 79 patients (24.23%), 2 patients (0.61%) continued to smoke. The prevalence of obesity was 21.16% (n = 69) or 25% of women and 10.4% of men (p = 0.01). Abdominal obesity was observed in 151 patients (46.31%), 139 of whom were female and 12 male (p = 0.001). Diabetes was sufficiently controlled in 65.34% of patients (n = 213) while cholesterolemia and hypertension were controlled in 33.44% and 8.33% of patients respectively. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes was frequently associated with other cardiovascular risk factors. Control of diabetes and these factors was insufficient. Therapeutic education of type 2 diabetics patients needed to be improved.

Atrial Fibrillation: Epidemiological, Etiological and Hospital Management Aspects in Thies (Senegal)

Introduction: The objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological, etiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Thies, Senegal. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, multicentre, descriptive study from February 1st, to May 28th, 2019 carried out in the 3 hospitals of the city of Thies that focused on patients with AF documented by an ECG. Valvular and non-valvular AF classification was used and the CHA2DS2-VASc score was used to assess thromboembolic risk. Results: We collected 67 patients with a female predominance (M/F sex ratio of 0.71). The prevalence of AF was 1.7%. The average age of patients was 66.67 ± 13.48 years. Forty-eight patients (71.64%) had palpitations and 32 patients (47.76%) had heart failure. Hypertension was the most common etiological factor found in 41 patients (61.19%) followed by rheumatic valvular disease in 25 patients (37.31%). The non-valvular AF was found in 42 patients (62.69%) of which 34 (80.95%) had a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) were prescribed in 47 patients (79.66%) and aspirin alone in 12 patients (20.34%). Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) were not prescribed in any patient. Seven patients (10.44%) had a medical regulator treatment and no electrical cardioversion was performed. Conclusion: AF was a frequent rhythm disorder. Hypertension and rheumatic mitral valve disease were the most frequently associated etiological factors. The diagnosis was often late in the heart failure stage. Anticoagulant treatment was insufficiently prescribed and based exclusively on VKAs.