基于回流功率优化的直流微网DC-DC变流器超螺旋滑模控制

针对直流微网系统中双有源桥直流变换器在系统发生扰动时动态特性差及在单移相调制下变换器效率不高等问题,该文在扩展移相调制下提出一种结合回流功率优化的超螺旋滑模控制策略。首先,分析双有源全桥(dual-active-bridge,DAB)变换器在扩展移相调制下两种模式的传输功率、回流功率数学模型及软开关特性,并以传输功率数学模型为基础建立DAB变换器的降阶模型。其次,以回流功率作为目标函数,以传输功率和软开关特性作为约束条件,通过Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)条件法寻找最优移相比组合;利用DAB变换器降阶模型设计超螺旋滑模控制中的等效部分,采用超螺旋算法作为切换部分,这两部分与内移相比D1共同作用生成外移相比D2,用于调节变换器的输出电压。最后进行了仿真及实验验证,实验结果表明:在负载投切、输入电压突变、参考电压改变时变换器具有良好的动态性能,同时能有效地减小回流功率。

含混合储能直流微电网混合势函数建模及稳定性分析

针对含恒功率负荷的混合储能直流微电网大扰动稳定及储能变换器建模问题,在推导混合储能(hybrid energy storage system,HESS)脉宽调制开关网络等效模型基础上,提出了一种基于混合势函数理论的含HESS直流微电网稳定性判据及分析方法。首先,计及HESS充放电特性,将含HESS直流微电网系统的工作状态划分为buck和boost工作模式;接着,分别建立上述两种工作模式下基于脉宽调制开关网络等效模型的直流微电网系统混合势函数模型;最后,应用混合势函数理论第3稳定性定理,分别推导得到buck和boost工作模式下的直流微电网大扰动稳定性判据,并对比基于开关平均模型的系统稳定性判据,提出的稳定性判据推导方法对系统动态行为预测更为准确。仿真验证了所提稳定性分析方法的合理性以及混合势函数判据的先进性。

考虑电动汽车灵活储能的交直流混合微电网功率协调控制策略

孤立交直流混合微电网集中储能荷电状态趋近充、放电临界值,容易引发微电网及其子网功率越限,从而导致系统供电不可靠。在此背景下,该文提出了一种考虑电动汽车灵活储能的交直流混合微电网功率协调控制策略。首先,根据交直流混合微电网及其子网功率盈缺状态,同时考虑混合储能中传统集中和灵活储能之间协调配合,将交直流混合微电网运行模式划分为正常、临界平衡和功率越限3种。在此基础上,根据储能荷电状态不均衡或异常、子微网越限等非正常状态进一步划分工况,以将控制目标进行细分。接着,通过分析电动汽车灵活储能、传统集中储能与互联接口变换器在同一时间尺度下的响应优先级,设计混合储能功率分配和互联接口变换器功率传输原则,并提出系统运行模式及工况间平滑切换方法。最后,基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建的交直流混合微电网仿真模型验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

长白山天池火山千年大喷发火山碎屑流堆积相特征

发生于公元946年的长白山天池火山千年大喷发(Millennium Eruption,ME)形成的火山碎屑堆积物体积高达100~172km3,并可分为大规模的ME-Ⅰ和小规模的ME-Ⅱ两个喷发阶段。通过对围绕长白山天池火山53个典型露头剖面进行火山地质测量(单元构成、垂向堆积序列和堆积特征),结合筛析法粒度分析、偏光显微镜成分分析,刻画了长白山千年大喷发火山碎屑流堆积物特征,探讨了相和亚相划分,并建立了火山碎屑流搬运和堆积模式。根据火山碎屑的堆积特征,将长白山千年大喷发火山碎屑流堆积分为峡谷充填火山碎屑流相(包括块状峡谷充填亚相和层状峡谷充填亚相)和火山碎屑流冲击扇相(包括扇头亚相和扇体亚相)等两相四亚相。峡谷充填火山碎屑流相主要发育在天池火山锥体周缘距离喷发中心8~23km左右范围内(坡度在15°~60°之间)的火山U型谷中;火山碎屑流冲积扇相主要发育在距离喷发中心23~45km左右范围内,地形相对平缓的熔岩台地处(坡度在5°~15°之间),火山碎屑流的搬运不受地形限制,一般形成较大纵横比扇状堆积。块状峡谷充填亚相和扇体亚相以块状混杂堆积为主要特征,而层状峡谷充填亚相和扇头亚相则以多火山碎屑流单元垂向叠加为主要特征。多单元叠加现象是由搬运过程中火山碎屑流单元发生分离增生作用形成。根据火山碎屑流的最大分布范围和厚度,如果再次发生与长白山千年大喷发类似规模的普林尼式喷发,至少距长白山天池火山喷发中心45km范围内具有巨大的火山碎屑流灾害风险。该研究有利于进一步深入认识长白山千年大喷发火山碎屑流堆积物的空间分布特征和相变规律,对火山碎屑喷发灾害的预防具有指导作用。

Structure-activity relationship in Pd/CeO2 methane oxidation catalysts

Palladium based catalysts are the most active for methane oxidation. The tuning of their composition, structure and morphology at macro and nanoscale can alter significantly their catalytic behavior and robustness with a strong impact on their overall performances. Among the several combinations of supports and promoters that have been utilized, Pd/CeO2 has attracted a great attention due to its activity and durability coupled with the unusually high degree of interaction between Pd/Pd O and the support. This allows the creation of specific structural arrangements which profoundly impact on methane activation characteristics. Here we want to review the latest findings in this area, and particularly to envisage how the control(when possible) of Pd-CeO2 interaction at nanoscale can help in designing more robust methane oxidation catalysts.

Development and Test of a New Solar-Air Heat Exchanger for the Linear Mirror II System

The Linear Mirror II is an innovative system to concentrate solar energy, developed by Isomorph SRL. In this paper, a solar-air heat exchanger of new conception is presented and tested together with a Linear Mirror II. The heat exchanger surface is selective with respect to direction and position of light absorption and emission and once heated by the Linear Mirror II, can reach an air temperature of up to 230&degC.

First Results from a Solar-Biomass Hybrid System for the Production of Solar Carbon

Solar energy as well as biomass energy techniques suffers from disadvantages, which in some cases limit their potential for substituting fossil fuels. For instance, solar energy is difficult to store, and many kinds of biomass are not suited for combustion, in spite of the fact that they have high energy contents. We describe and industrial size system, which has the goal of overcoming some of these limitations by combining solar- and biomass power. This is achieved by roasting residual biomass by means of hot air provided by solar power only. The solar power is collected by three “Linear Mirror” solar concentrator, they are designed to achieve high efficiency also at northern latitudes. Each one is equipped with an innovative solar-air heat exchanger. The hot air is delivered to a roasting device filled with humid residual biomass. We report the performance of this system from a first commissioning run. The system is intended to help create a closed-cycle economy by means of transforming waste biomasses to a high-quality combustible.

Vibration suppression of speed-controlled robots with nonlinear control

In this paper, a simple nonlinear control strategy for the simultaneous position tracking and vibration damping of robots is presented. The control is developed for devices actuated by speed-controlled servo drives. The conditions for the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system are derived by ensuring its passivity. The capability of achieving improved trajectory tracking and vibration suppression is shown through experimental tests conducted on a three-axis Cartesian robot. The control is aimed to be compatible with most industrial applications given the simplicity of implementation, the reduced computational requirements, and the use of joint position as the only measured signal.

Comparison of smart panels for tonal and broadband vibration and sound transmission active control

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the principal features of smart panels equipped with feed-forward and feedback systems for the control of the flexural response and sound transmission due respectively to tonal and to stochastic broadband disturbances.The smart panels are equipped with two types of actuators:first,distributed piezoelectric actuators formed either by small piezoelectric patches or large piezoelectric films bonded on the panels and second,point actuators formed by proof-mass electromagnetic transducers.Also,the panels encompass three types of sensors:first,small capacitive microphone sensors placed in front of the panels;second,distributed piezoelectric sensors formed by large piezoelectric films bonded on the panels and third point sensors formed by miniaturized accelerometers.The proposed systems implement both single-channel and multi-channel feed-forward and feedback control architectures.The study shows that,the vibration and sound radiation control performance of both feed-forward and feedback systems critically depends on the sensor-actuator configurations.