Written by C.G. Wohl （LBNL）. This note tells （1） how SU（n） particle multiplets are identified or labeled, （2） how to find the number of particles in a multiplet from its label, （3） how to draw the Young dia...Written by C.G. Wohl （LBNL）. This note tells （1） how SU（n） particle multiplets are identified or labeled, （2） how to find the number of particles in a multiplet from its label, （3） how to draw the Young diagram for a multiplet, and （4） how to use Young diagrams to determine the overall multiplet structure of a composite system, such as a 3-quark or a meson-baryon system.展开更多
Magnetic Monopole SearchesIsolated supermassive monopole candidate events have not been confirmed. The most sensitive experiments obtain negative results.
Table 36.1. Revised November 1993 by E. Browne （LBNL）.＂Emission probability＂ is the probability per decay of a given emission; because of cascades these may total more than 100%. Only principal emissions are liste...Table 36.1. Revised November 1993 by E. Browne （LBNL）.＂Emission probability＂ is the probability per decay of a given emission; because of cascades these may total more than 100%. Only principal emissions are listed. EC means electron capture,展开更多
Revised August 2013 by S. Roesler and M. Silari （CERN）.35.1. Definitions [1,2] It would be desirable if legal protection limits could be expressed in directly measurable physical quantities. However, this does not ...Revised August 2013 by S. Roesler and M. Silari （CERN）.35.1. Definitions [1,2] It would be desirable if legal protection limits could be expressed in directly measurable physical quantities. However, this does not allow to quantify biological effects of the exposure of the human body to ionizing radiation.展开更多
We define and investigate,via numerical analysis,a one dimensional toymodel of a cloud chamber.An energetic quantum particle,whose initial state is a superposition of two identical wave packets with opposite average m...We define and investigate,via numerical analysis,a one dimensional toymodel of a cloud chamber.An energetic quantum particle,whose initial state is a superposition of two identical wave packets with opposite average momentum,interacts during its evolution and exchanges(small amounts of)energy with an array of localized spins.Triggered by the interaction with the environment,the initial superposition state turns into an incoherent sum of two states describing the following situation:or the particle is going to the left and a large number of spins on the left side changed their states,or the same is happening on the right side.This evolution is reminiscent of what happens in a cloud chamber where a quantum particle,emitted as a spherical wave by a radioactive source,marks its passage inside a supersaturated vapour-chamber in the form of a sequence of small liquid bubbles arranging themselves around a pssible classical trajectory of the particle.展开更多
Many measurements of B decays involve admixtures of B hadrons. Previously we arbitrarily included such admixtures in the B±section, but because of their importance we have created two new sections：
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the ...The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on： Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews （and errata） are also available on the Particle Data Group website： http ：//pdg. lbl. gov.展开更多
CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl （LBNL）. There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.＊ Fig. l（a） shows the mass sp...CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl （LBNL）. There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.＊ Fig. l（a） shows the mass spectrum,展开更多
33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such appl...33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such applications will be provided. The detector techniques which are specific to non-accelerator particle physics experiments are the subject of Chap.展开更多
Written by R.L. Kelly （LBNL）. The most commonly used SU（3） isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle nam...Written by R.L. Kelly （LBNL）. The most commonly used SU（3） isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle names to identify the coefficients, so that the pattern of relative couplings may be seen at a glance. We illustrate the use of the coefficients below.展开更多
Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers （MSU） and F. Zimmermann （CERN）.29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the pr...Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers （MSU） and F. Zimmermann （CERN）.29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,展开更多
J=1/2e MASS （atomic mass units u）The primary determination of an electron＇s mass comes from measuring the ratio of the mass to that of a nucleus, so that the result is obtained in u （atomic mass units）. The conve...J=1/2e MASS （atomic mass units u）The primary determination of an electron＇s mass comes from measuring the ratio of the mass to that of a nucleus, so that the result is obtained in u （atomic mass units）. The conversion factor to MeV is more uncertain than the mass of the electron in u; indeed, the recent improvements in the mass determination are not evident when the result is given in MeV. In this datablock we give the result in u, and in the following datablock in MeV.展开更多
Table 6.1 Abridged from pdg. ibl.gov/AtomicNuclearProperties by D. E. Groom （2007）. See web pages for more detail about entries in this table including chemical formulae, and for several hundred other entries. Quant...Table 6.1 Abridged from pdg. ibl.gov/AtomicNuclearProperties by D. E. Groom （2007）. See web pages for more detail about entries in this table including chemical formulae, and for several hundred other entries. Quantities in parentheses are for gases at 20℃ and 1 atm, and square brackets indicate evaluation at 0℃ and 1 atm. Boiling points are at 1 atm.展开更多
文摘Written by C.G. Wohl （LBNL）. This note tells （1） how SU（n） particle multiplets are identified or labeled, （2） how to find the number of particles in a multiplet from its label, （3） how to draw the Young diagram for a multiplet, and （4） how to use Young diagrams to determine the overall multiplet structure of a composite system, such as a 3-quark or a meson-baryon system.
文摘Magnetic Monopole SearchesIsolated supermassive monopole candidate events have not been confirmed. The most sensitive experiments obtain negative results.
文摘Table 36.1. Revised November 1993 by E. Browne （LBNL）.＂Emission probability＂ is the probability per decay of a given emission; because of cascades these may total more than 100%. Only principal emissions are listed. EC means electron capture,
文摘Revised August 2013 by S. Roesler and M. Silari （CERN）.35.1. Definitions [1,2] It would be desirable if legal protection limits could be expressed in directly measurable physical quantities. However, this does not allow to quantify biological effects of the exposure of the human body to ionizing radiation.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge support from the ANR LODIQUAS(Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Low Dimensional Quantum Systems,2011-2014)and FIR grant Cond-Math RBFR13WAET.
文摘We define and investigate,via numerical analysis,a one dimensional toymodel of a cloud chamber.An energetic quantum particle,whose initial state is a superposition of two identical wave packets with opposite average momentum,interacts during its evolution and exchanges(small amounts of)energy with an array of localized spins.Triggered by the interaction with the environment,the initial superposition state turns into an incoherent sum of two states describing the following situation:or the particle is going to the left and a large number of spins on the left side changed their states,or the same is happening on the right side.This evolution is reminiscent of what happens in a cloud chamber where a quantum particle,emitted as a spherical wave by a radioactive source,marks its passage inside a supersaturated vapour-chamber in the form of a sequence of small liquid bubbles arranging themselves around a pssible classical trajectory of the particle.
文摘Many measurements of B decays involve admixtures of B hadrons. Previously we arbitrarily included such admixtures in the B±section, but because of their importance we have created two new sections：
基金supported by the Director,Office of Science,Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231the U.S.National Science Foundation under Agreement No.PHY-0652989+3 种基金the European Laboratory for Particle Physics(CERN)an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan(MEXT:Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology)and the United States(DOE)on cooperative research and developmentthe Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics(INFN)B.C.F.was supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation Grant PHY-1214082
文摘The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on： Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews （and errata） are also available on the Particle Data Group website： http ：//pdg. lbl. gov.
文摘CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl （LBNL）. There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.＊ Fig. l（a） shows the mass spectrum,
文摘33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such applications will be provided. The detector techniques which are specific to non-accelerator particle physics experiments are the subject of Chap.
文摘Written by R.L. Kelly （LBNL）. The most commonly used SU（3） isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle names to identify the coefficients, so that the pattern of relative couplings may be seen at a glance. We illustrate the use of the coefficients below.
基金supported by PAPIIT(DGAPA-UNAM) project IN106913 and CONACyT(Mexico) project 151234support by the Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics(MITP) where part of this work was completed.A.F.is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant no. PHY-1212635
文摘Revised November 2013 by J. Erler （U. Mexico） and A. Freit＆s （Pittsburgh U.）.10.1 Introduction 10.2 Renormalization and radiative corrections
文摘Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers （MSU） and F. Zimmermann （CERN）.29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,
文摘J=1/2e MASS （atomic mass units u）The primary determination of an electron＇s mass comes from measuring the ratio of the mass to that of a nucleus, so that the result is obtained in u （atomic mass units）. The conversion factor to MeV is more uncertain than the mass of the electron in u; indeed, the recent improvements in the mass determination are not evident when the result is given in MeV. In this datablock we give the result in u, and in the following datablock in MeV.
文摘Table 6.1 Abridged from pdg. ibl.gov/AtomicNuclearProperties by D. E. Groom （2007）. See web pages for more detail about entries in this table including chemical formulae, and for several hundred other entries. Quantities in parentheses are for gases at 20℃ and 1 atm, and square brackets indicate evaluation at 0℃ and 1 atm. Boiling points are at 1 atm.
