The aim of this work was to obtain the physicochemical properties by SEM, XRD, FTIR analyses and the surface characteristics from carbonate outcrops cores such as pore diameter, surface area, porosity and permeability...The aim of this work was to obtain the physicochemical properties by SEM, XRD, FTIR analyses and the surface characteristics from carbonate outcrops cores such as pore diameter, surface area, porosity and permeability. The methods used to characterize them were Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM;X Ray Diffraction, DRX;Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR. The porosity and permeability of natural vuggy fractured porous medium from core samples was determined obtained in the laboratory with conventional procedures. The cores have smooth and rough surfaces with porous with several sizes. Some crystals appear in preferential zones mainly composed by calcium, carbon and oxygen. Apparently into free spaces were found the organic materials, organic residues of crude oil. The cores have smooth and rough surfaces with porous with several sizes. Some crystals appear in preferential zones composed by calcium, carbon and oxygen. Apparently into free spaces were found the organic materials, organic residues of crude oil. The main inorganic compound in cores is calcite, (CaCO3). The porosity was for porous core 26% and for solid core 8.5%. The values obtained show that the cores have permeability where the fluid migrates through the particles at 2.23 × 10-4 cm/s.展开更多
The aim of this work was to carry out monitoring of some elements considered toxic in sediments from Lerma River. An analytical method was optimized in our laboratory for quantification of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), ma...The aim of this work was to carry out monitoring of some elements considered toxic in sediments from Lerma River. An analytical method was optimized in our laboratory for quantification of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Ten sediments were collected along the Lerma River at variable distances and at 20 cm depth. Samples were heated to 60°C to dryness, followed by separation of particle size using a 74-μ No. 200 mesh for homogeneity purposes. 0.2 g of sample underwent microwave-assisted acid digestion, followed by plate evaporation. The samples were dissolved in 10 mL with HNO3 at 5% v/v for ICP-OES analysis. A certified reference material (CRM 8704) was used to evaluate the method’s accuracy and precision. The method showed linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of quantification and detection acceptable for protocol validation of analytical method. The average results obtained in recovery of CRM 8704 were ~90% and precision was below 7% for all elements. Levels concentration of As, Cr, Pb show high pollution in A1, A7 and A8 sites. Therefore, Co, Mn and Ni can be considered in this study as normal values. In conclusion, concentration levels of As, Cr, Pb in sediments were high according to US-EPA and NOM-147-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2004. The presence of these heavy metals in Lerma River could be due mainly for the emitted from industries, such as pharmaceutical, automotive, metal mechanics and tannery, and urban residual water. Finally, the method developed using ICP-OES has enabled monitoring of these elements in sediments from Lerma River, with possible applications in a routine analytical laboratory.展开更多
文摘The aim of this work was to obtain the physicochemical properties by SEM, XRD, FTIR analyses and the surface characteristics from carbonate outcrops cores such as pore diameter, surface area, porosity and permeability. The methods used to characterize them were Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM;X Ray Diffraction, DRX;Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR. The porosity and permeability of natural vuggy fractured porous medium from core samples was determined obtained in the laboratory with conventional procedures. The cores have smooth and rough surfaces with porous with several sizes. Some crystals appear in preferential zones mainly composed by calcium, carbon and oxygen. Apparently into free spaces were found the organic materials, organic residues of crude oil. The cores have smooth and rough surfaces with porous with several sizes. Some crystals appear in preferential zones composed by calcium, carbon and oxygen. Apparently into free spaces were found the organic materials, organic residues of crude oil. The main inorganic compound in cores is calcite, (CaCO3). The porosity was for porous core 26% and for solid core 8.5%. The values obtained show that the cores have permeability where the fluid migrates through the particles at 2.23 × 10-4 cm/s.
文摘The aim of this work was to carry out monitoring of some elements considered toxic in sediments from Lerma River. An analytical method was optimized in our laboratory for quantification of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Ten sediments were collected along the Lerma River at variable distances and at 20 cm depth. Samples were heated to 60°C to dryness, followed by separation of particle size using a 74-μ No. 200 mesh for homogeneity purposes. 0.2 g of sample underwent microwave-assisted acid digestion, followed by plate evaporation. The samples were dissolved in 10 mL with HNO3 at 5% v/v for ICP-OES analysis. A certified reference material (CRM 8704) was used to evaluate the method’s accuracy and precision. The method showed linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of quantification and detection acceptable for protocol validation of analytical method. The average results obtained in recovery of CRM 8704 were ~90% and precision was below 7% for all elements. Levels concentration of As, Cr, Pb show high pollution in A1, A7 and A8 sites. Therefore, Co, Mn and Ni can be considered in this study as normal values. In conclusion, concentration levels of As, Cr, Pb in sediments were high according to US-EPA and NOM-147-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2004. The presence of these heavy metals in Lerma River could be due mainly for the emitted from industries, such as pharmaceutical, automotive, metal mechanics and tannery, and urban residual water. Finally, the method developed using ICP-OES has enabled monitoring of these elements in sediments from Lerma River, with possible applications in a routine analytical laboratory.
