The use of health coaching in controlling blood pressure of hypertensive patients in the family:literature review

Background:Family is an essential element in caring for clients with hypertension.Appropriate hypertension management can reduce health risks during the treatment.Health coaching in family is a critical intervention to control and manage hypertension through providing education,information,and skills intervention are needed to support lifestyle improvements,manage chronic conditions,and prevent complications of hypertension.This literature study describes health coaching for controlling blood pressure among clients with hypertension in the family.Methods:Narrative literature review was performed to select the article that relates to health coaching of hypertension in the family using search engines including PubMed,ProQuest,SpringerLink,ScienceDirect,and Google Scholar by using keywords health coaching,family,hypertension,and blood pressure.The analysis of articles was carried out using four stages based on the PRISMA flowchart diagram.Results:The results indicated eight articles that were analyzed in this study.Interactive health coaching interventions based on a healthy lifestyle carried out with patients and families effectively improve medication adherence and reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Meanwhile,health coaching applied regarding the principles including motivation,discussion,interviews and goal setting to influence behavior change and self-management.Conclusions:That health coaching applied for families with clients with hypertension is effect on reducing blood pressure and other changes,including knowledge,self-efficacy,and behavior towards health services for patients with hypertension.Therefore,health coaching for the family could be used as a family intervention for clients with hypertension during home health care.

Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Enhances Vasoconstriction by Altering Calcium Homeostasis in Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle Cells under Simulated Microgravity

Objective Exposure to microgravity results in postflight cardiovascular deconditioning in astronauts.Vascular oxidative stress injury and mitochondrial dysfunction have been reported during this process.To elucidate the mechanism for this condition,we investigated whether mitochondrial oxidative stress regulates calcium homeostasis and vasoconstriction in hindlimb unweighted(HU)rat cerebral arteries.Methods Three-week HU was used to simulate microgravity in rats.The contractile responses to vasoconstrictors,mitochondrial fission/fusion,Ca^(2+) distribution,inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor(IP3 R)abundance,and the activities of voltage-gated K+channels(KV)and Ca^(2+)-activated K+channels(BKCa)were examined in rat cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs).Results An increase of cytoplasmic Ca^(2+) and a decrease of mitochondrial/sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR)Ca^(2+) were observed in HU rat cerebral VSMCs.The abundance of fusion proteins(mitofusin 1/2[MFN1/2])and fission proteins(dynamin-related protein 1[DRP1]and fission-mitochondrial 1[FIS1])was significantly downregulated and upregulated,respectively in HU rat cerebral VSMCs.The cerebrovascular contractile responses to vasoconstrictors were enhanced in HU rats compared to control rats,and IP3 R protein/mRNA levels were significantly upregulated.The current densities and open probabilities of KV and BKCa decreased and increased,respectively.Treatment with the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant mitoTEMPO attenuated mitochondrial fission by upregulating MFN1/2 and downregulating DRP1/FIS1.It also decreased IP3 R expression levels and restored the activities of the KV and BKCa channels.MitoTEMPO restored the Ca^(2+) distribution in VSMCs and attenuated the enhanced vasoconstriction in HU rat cerebral arteries.Conclusion The present results suggest that mitochondrial oxidative stress enhances cerebral vasoconstriction by regulating calcium homeostasis during simulated microgravity.

Military medical research on internal diseases in modern warfare:new concepts,demands,challenges,and opportunities

Battlefield internal medicine aims at the treatment of combatants and noncombatants with various internal diseases on the battlefield.The military medical research on battlefield internal diseases focuses on the pathogenesis,clinical management,and prevention of internal diseases under military war conditions.In both wartime and peacetime,the soldiers suffer from more internal diseases than surgical wounds.With the introduction of high-tech weapons,including chemical,physical,and biological agents,a large number of special internal illnesses and casualties will appear in future wars.The battles often occur in special environments,such as high or low temperatures,plateau or polar areas,and micro-or hyper-gravity.The current theories of battlefield internal medicine are mainly derived from wars decades ago and cannot meet the needs of military medical support under the conditions of modern warfare.Therefore,the military medical research on battlefield internal medicine should be based on contemporary military situations,focus on the purpose of treating battlefield internal diseases,and adhere to the actual needs of the troops in peacetime and wartime.We should investigate the pathogenesis of battlefield internal diseases and explore the threats that may arise in future wars to ensure the advancement of battlefield internal medicine.This review highlights new concepts,demands,challenges,and opportunities for the further development of military medical research on battlefield internal medicine.

Non-invasive digestion monitoring with an FDA-cleared wearable biosensor:further validation for use in tracking food ingestion

Introduction Obesity affects one-third of the US population and accounts for$200 billion/year in expenditures[1].Diet and exercise form the cornerstone of management,yet are often ineffective[2].Mobile health applications(mHealth apps)can augment traditional strategies;Gill and Panda[3]demonstrated that obese patients can modify their eating behavior and lose weight using an mHealth app to track food intake.While promising,these apps typically require active data input and currently lack passively collected,physiologic input to support sustained behavior change.