AIM： To investigate the roles of lymphocytes in the development of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. METHODS： Using various doses of dextran sulfate sodium （DSS）, we induced colitis in wild-type B6 control a...AIM： To investigate the roles of lymphocytes in the development of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. METHODS： Using various doses of dextran sulfate sodium （DSS）, we induced colitis in wild-type B6 control and Rag-1 knockout （H-2b haplotype） mice, and evaluated the colitis in terms of symptomatic and histologic parameters, such as weight loss, survival, severity of diarrhea, shortage of colon length and histological changes. Symptomatic parameters were checked daily and histological changes were scored. RESULTS： Although development of colitis in Rag-1 knockout mice treated with high dose （5%） of DSS was comparable to that in B6 control mice, colitis progression was much more tolerable in Rag-1 knockout mice compared to than in B6 mice treated with low dose （1.5%） DSS. Symptomatic parameters as well as histopathologic changes were improved in Rag-1 knockout mice. CONCLUSION： These results indicate that the presence of lymphoo/tes contributes to colitis progression at low dose of DSS stimulation. Lymphoo/tes may play roles as an aggravating factor in DSS-induced colitis.展开更多
Chronic ethanol consumption is well established as a major risk factor for type-2 diabetes(T2D), which is evidenced by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. However, the relationships between alcoholcons...Chronic ethanol consumption is well established as a major risk factor for type-2 diabetes(T2D), which is evidenced by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. However, the relationships between alcoholconsumption and the development of T2 D remain controversial. In particular, the direct effects of ethanol consumption on proliferation of pancreatic β-cell and the exact mechanisms associated with ethanolmediated β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis remain elusive. Although alcoholism and alcohol consumption are prevalent and represent crucial public health problems worldwide, many people believe that low-tomoderate ethanol consumption may protect against T2 D and cardiovascular diseases. However, the J- or U-shaped curves obtained from cross-sectional and large prospective studies have not fully explained the relationship between alcohol consumption and T2 D. This review provides evidence for the harmful effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the progressive development of T2 D, particularly with respect to pancreatic β-cell mass and function in association with insulin synthesis and secretion. This review also discusses a conceptual framework for how ethanolproduced peroxynitrite contributes to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and metabolic syndrome.展开更多
Context: The metabolic syndrome has been identified as a target for dietary th erapies to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease; however, the role of diet in t he etiology of the metabolic syndrome is poorly understoo...Context: The metabolic syndrome has been identified as a target for dietary th erapies to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease; however, the role of diet in t he etiology of the metabolic syndrome is poorly understood. Objective: To assess the effect of a Mediterranean style diet on endothelial function and vascular inflammatory markers in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Design, Setting, a nd Patients: Randomized, single blind trial conducted from June 2001 to January 2004 at a university hospital in Italy among 180 patients (99 men and 81 women) with the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III. Inter ventions: Patients in the intervention group (n=90) were instructed to follow a Mediterranean style diet and received detailed advice about how to increase dai ly consumption of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and olive oil; patient s in the control group (n=90) followed a prudent diet (carbohydrates, 50%-60% ; proteins, 15%-20%; total fat,< 30%). Main Outcome Measures: Nutrient intak e; endothelial function score as a measure of blood pressure and platelet aggreg ation response to L arginine; lipid and glucose parameters; insulin sensitivity ; and circulating levels of high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs CRP) and interleukins 6 (IL-6), 7 (IL-7), and 18 (IL-18). Results: After 2 years, pati ents following the Mediterranean style diet consumed more foods rich in monouns aturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, and fiber and had a lower ratio of omega-6 t o omega-3 fatty acids. Total fruit, vegetable, and nuts intake (274 g/d), whole grain intake (103 g/d), and olive oil consumption (8 g/d) -were also significantly higher in the intervention group (P< .001). The leve l of physical activity increased in both groups by approximately 60%, without d ifference between groups (P=.22). Mean (SD) body weight decreased more in patien ts in the intervention group (-4.0 [1.1] kg) than in those in the control gro up (-1.2 [0.6] kg) (P< .001). Compared with patients consuming the control diet , patients consuming the intervention diet had significantly reduced serum concent rations of hs CRP (P=.01), IL-6 (P=.04), IL-7 (P=0.4), and IL-18 (P=0.3), as well as decreased insulin resistance (P< .001). Endothelial function score impr oved in the intervention group (mean [SD] change, +1.9 [0.6];P< .001) but r emai ned stable in the control group (+0.2 [0.2]; P=.33). At 2 years of follow up , 40 patients in the intervention group still had features of the metabolic syndro me, compared with 78 patients in the control group (P< .001). Conclusion: A Medi terranean style diet might be effective in reducing the prevalence of the metab olic syndrome and its associated cardiovascular risk.展开更多
基金Supported by Hallym University Research Fund, 2004, No.HRF-2004 -44
文摘AIM： To investigate the roles of lymphocytes in the development of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. METHODS： Using various doses of dextran sulfate sodium （DSS）, we induced colitis in wild-type B6 control and Rag-1 knockout （H-2b haplotype） mice, and evaluated the colitis in terms of symptomatic and histologic parameters, such as weight loss, survival, severity of diarrhea, shortage of colon length and histological changes. Symptomatic parameters were checked daily and histological changes were scored. RESULTS： Although development of colitis in Rag-1 knockout mice treated with high dose （5%） of DSS was comparable to that in B6 control mice, colitis progression was much more tolerable in Rag-1 knockout mice compared to than in B6 mice treated with low dose （1.5%） DSS. Symptomatic parameters as well as histopathologic changes were improved in Rag-1 knockout mice. CONCLUSION： These results indicate that the presence of lymphoo/tes contributes to colitis progression at low dose of DSS stimulation. Lymphoo/tes may play roles as an aggravating factor in DSS-induced colitis.
基金Supported by A grant from the Korean National Institute of Health,No.4845-302-201-13
文摘Chronic ethanol consumption is well established as a major risk factor for type-2 diabetes(T2D), which is evidenced by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. However, the relationships between alcoholconsumption and the development of T2 D remain controversial. In particular, the direct effects of ethanol consumption on proliferation of pancreatic β-cell and the exact mechanisms associated with ethanolmediated β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis remain elusive. Although alcoholism and alcohol consumption are prevalent and represent crucial public health problems worldwide, many people believe that low-tomoderate ethanol consumption may protect against T2 D and cardiovascular diseases. However, the J- or U-shaped curves obtained from cross-sectional and large prospective studies have not fully explained the relationship between alcohol consumption and T2 D. This review provides evidence for the harmful effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the progressive development of T2 D, particularly with respect to pancreatic β-cell mass and function in association with insulin synthesis and secretion. This review also discusses a conceptual framework for how ethanolproduced peroxynitrite contributes to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and metabolic syndrome.
文摘Context: The metabolic syndrome has been identified as a target for dietary th erapies to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease; however, the role of diet in t he etiology of the metabolic syndrome is poorly understood. Objective: To assess the effect of a Mediterranean style diet on endothelial function and vascular inflammatory markers in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Design, Setting, a nd Patients: Randomized, single blind trial conducted from June 2001 to January 2004 at a university hospital in Italy among 180 patients (99 men and 81 women) with the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III. Inter ventions: Patients in the intervention group (n=90) were instructed to follow a Mediterranean style diet and received detailed advice about how to increase dai ly consumption of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and olive oil; patient s in the control group (n=90) followed a prudent diet (carbohydrates, 50%-60% ; proteins, 15%-20%; total fat,< 30%). Main Outcome Measures: Nutrient intak e; endothelial function score as a measure of blood pressure and platelet aggreg ation response to L arginine; lipid and glucose parameters; insulin sensitivity ; and circulating levels of high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs CRP) and interleukins 6 (IL-6), 7 (IL-7), and 18 (IL-18). Results: After 2 years, pati ents following the Mediterranean style diet consumed more foods rich in monouns aturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, and fiber and had a lower ratio of omega-6 t o omega-3 fatty acids. Total fruit, vegetable, and nuts intake (274 g/d), whole grain intake (103 g/d), and olive oil consumption (8 g/d) -were also significantly higher in the intervention group (P< .001). The leve l of physical activity increased in both groups by approximately 60%, without d ifference between groups (P=.22). Mean (SD) body weight decreased more in patien ts in the intervention group (-4.0 [1.1] kg) than in those in the control gro up (-1.2 [0.6] kg) (P< .001). Compared with patients consuming the control diet , patients consuming the intervention diet had significantly reduced serum concent rations of hs CRP (P=.01), IL-6 (P=.04), IL-7 (P=0.4), and IL-18 (P=0.3), as well as decreased insulin resistance (P< .001). Endothelial function score impr oved in the intervention group (mean [SD] change, +1.9 [0.6];P< .001) but r emai ned stable in the control group (+0.2 [0.2]; P=.33). At 2 years of follow up , 40 patients in the intervention group still had features of the metabolic syndro me, compared with 78 patients in the control group (P< .001). Conclusion: A Medi terranean style diet might be effective in reducing the prevalence of the metab olic syndrome and its associated cardiovascular risk.
