REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on： Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews （and errata） are also available on the Particle Data Group website： http ：//pdg. lbl. gov.

ACCELERATOR PHYSICS OF COLLIDERS

Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers （MSU） and F. Zimmermann （CERN）.29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE 2014 EDITION OF THE REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS

899 new papers with 3283 new measurements Over 330 papers from LHC experiments （ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb）.

STATUS OF HIGGS BOSON PHYSICS

Written November 2013 by M. Carena （Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the University of Chicago）, C. Grojean （ICREA at IFAE, Universitat Autbnoma de Barcelona）, M, Kado （Laboratoire de l＇Accelerateur Lineaire, LAL and CERN）, and V. Sharma （University of California San Diego）.

VARIATION OF THE INNER ELECTRONIC CLOUD IN A TWO-ELECTRON ATOMIC SYSTEM

The variation of the inner electronic cloud of a two-electron system when the outer elec-tron is moving far away or coming close is investigated in this paper mainly by analyzingthe shape-density. The geometric character and features of internal motion of the ~1S^e heliumstates having different K--numbers have been shown, the mechanism for energy transfer andthe details of radial-radial correlation have been inspected. The motion of the inner electroniccloud as a whole is found to be strongly correlated with the motion of the outer electron.

ELECTROWEAK MODEL AND CONSTRAINTS ON NEW PHYSICS

Revised November 2013 by J. Erler （U. Mexico） and A. Freit＆s （Pittsburgh U.）.10.1 Introduction 10.2 Renormalization and radiative corrections

ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Table 6.1 Abridged from pdg. ibl.gov/AtomicNuclearProperties by D. E. Groom （2007）. See web pages for more detail about entries in this table including chemical formulae, and for several hundred other entries. Quantities in parentheses are for gases at 20℃ and 1 atm, and square brackets indicate evaluation at 0℃ and 1 atm. Boiling points are at 1 atm.

ONLINE PARTICLE PHYSICS INFORMATION

1. IntroductionThe collection of online information resources in particle physics and related areas presented in this chapter is of necessity incomplete. An expanded and regularly updated online version can be found at：

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

Table 4.1.Reviced 2011 by D.E.Groom（LBNL）,and E.Bergren.

EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF GRAVITATIONAL THEORY

Revised September 2013 by T. Damour （IHES, Bures-sur-Yvette, France）. Einstein＇s General Relativity, the current ＂standard＂ theory of gravitation, describes gravity as a universal deformation of the Minkowski metric：

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS(SI)

See ＂The International System of Units （SI）,＂ NIST Special Publication 330, B.N. Taylor, ed. （USGPO, Washington, DC, 1991）; and ＂Guide for the Use of the International System of Units （SI）,＂ NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 edition, B.N. Taylor （USGPO, Washington, DC, 1995）.

PARTICLE DETECTORS FOR NON-ACCELERATOR PHYSICS

Updated 2013 （see the various sections for authors）.34.1. Introduction Non-accelerator experiments have become increasingly important in particle physics. These include classical cosmic ray experiments, neutrino oscillation measurements, and searches for double-beta decay, dark matter candidates, and magnetic monopoles.

HEAVY-QUARK AND SOFT-COLLINEAR EFFECTIVE THEORY

Updated September 2013 by C,W. Bauer （LBNL） and M. Neubert （U. Mainz）.17.1. Effective Field Theories Quantum field theories represent the most precise computational tool for describing physics at the highest energies. One of their characteristic features is that they almost inevitably involve multiple length scales. When trying to determine the value of an observable,

PASSAGE OF PARTICLES THROUGH MATTER

Revised September 2013 by H. Bichsel （University of Washington）, D.E. Groom （LBNL）, and S.R. Klein （LBNL）.

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE ELEMENTS

Table 5.1. Reviewed 2011 by J.E. Sansonetti （NIST）. The electronic configurations and the ionization energies are from the NIST database, ＂Ground Levels and Ionization Energies for the Neutral Atoms,＂ W.C. Martin, A. Musgrove, S. Kotochigova, and J.E. Sansonetti, http：//www.nist .gov/pml/data/ion_energy. cfm. The electron configuration for, say, iron indicates an argon electronic core （see argon） plus six 3d electrons and two 4s electrons.

Polarized light-by-light scattering at the CLIC induced by axion-like particles

In this study,light-by-light(LBL)scattering with initial polarized Compton backscattered photons at the CLIC,induced by axion-like particles(ALPs),is investigated.The total cross sections are calculated assuming CP-even coupling of the pseudoscalar ALP to photons.The 95%C.L.exclusion region for the ALP mass ma and its coupling constant f is presented.The results are compared with CLIC bounds previously obtained for the unpolar-ized case.It is shown that the bounds onf for the polarized beams in the region m_(a)=1000-2000 GeV with colli-sion energy of 3000 GeV and integrated luminosity of 4000 fb^(-1)are on average 1.5 times stronger than the bounds for the unpolarized beams.Moreover,our CLIC bounds are stronger than those for all current exclusion regions for m_(a)>80 GeV.In particular,they are more restrictive than the limits that follow from the ALP-mediated LBL scatter-ing at the LHC.

BOTTOM MESONS(B=±1)B^+=u,B^0=d,B^0=db,B^-=b,similarly for B~*'s

Many measurements of B decays involve admixtures of B hadrons. Previously we arbitrarily included such admixtures in the B±section, but because of their importance we have created two new sections：

N BARYONS(S=0,I=1/2)p,N^+=uud;n,N^0=udd

p MASS （atomic mass units u）The mass is known much more precisely in u （atomic mass units） than in MeV. See the next data block.

BOTTOM,CHARMED MESONS(B=C=±1)B_c^+=c,B_c^-=cb,similarly for B_c~*'s

I（JP） = 0（0-）I, J, P need confirmation.Quantum numbers shown are quark-model predictions.

INTRODUCTION

1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on particle properties, called the ＂Particle Listings.＂ These Listings include 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, in addition to the 32,153 measurements from 8,944 papers that first appeared in previous editions [1].