Theaim of the present work wasto analyze moisture flow and moisture content data for high-temperature drying by usingan advanced image- processing algorithm.Since wood starts to shrink below the fibre saturation point...Theaim of the present work wasto analyze moisture flow and moisture content data for high-temperature drying by usingan advanced image- processing algorithm.Since wood starts to shrink below the fibre saturation point during drying, the size and shape of wood will change. The dry wood image was thoroughly transformed to the shape of the wet wood image prior to calculating the dry weight moisture content. The use of the image- processing algorithm for the dry weight moisture content on density data from the CT-scanning during drying in a controlled high-temperature environment showed that this method is a powerful tool for analyzing the moisture flow inside the wood piece. Furthermore, the new CT-scanner together with the climate chamber gave unique results, as it has not been possible to study high-temperature drying with this method before.展开更多
Light-frame timber buildings are often stabilized against lateral loads by using diaphragm action of roofs, floors and walls. The mechanical behavior of the sheathing-to-framing joints has a significant impact on the ...Light-frame timber buildings are often stabilized against lateral loads by using diaphragm action of roofs, floors and walls. The mechanical behavior of the sheathing-to-framing joints has a significant impact on the structural performance of shear walls. Most sheathing-to-framing joints show nonlinear load-displacement characteristics with plastic behavior. This paper is focused on the finite element modeling of shear walls. The purpose is to present a new shear connector element based on the theory of continuum plasticity. The incremental load-displacement relationship is derived based on the elastic-plastic stiffness tensor including the elastic stiffness tensor, the plastic modulus, a function representing the yield criterion and a hardening rule, and function representing the plastic potential. The plastic properties are determined from experimental results obtained from testing actual connections. Load-displacement curves for shear walls are calculated using the shear connector model and they are compared with experimental and other computational results. Also, the ultimate horizontal load-carrying capacity is compared to results obtained by an analytical plastic design method. Good agreements are found.展开更多
A "file-to-factory" process of computer technology is a way to both maximise efficiency throughout the building process, in crease a buildi ng's performance, and be able to add interesting architectural ...A "file-to-factory" process of computer technology is a way to both maximise efficiency throughout the building process, in crease a buildi ng's performance, and be able to add interesting architectural possibilities throughout the design phase. The authors investigate a novel approach that produces a set of building trajectories rather than a set of buildings, yet yields a series of build-able examples of those trajectories. This paper evaluates how this series of stacked multi-storey timber buildings can be both incorporated within a file-to-factory process, and give rise to creating new innovative solutions throughout the entire design and manufacturing process. This process is applied to a real Swedish project called Zembla. It redefines the notion of sprawl, turning it into a progressive tactics for linking the dty fabric to rural areas. It is a postsustainable file-to-factory-produced timber ground-scraper;soaring above ground and water, suggesting a new way of making city-sized buildings for the future. A plug-in grid-shell structure is designed to contain a minimal amount of timber elements, beams make up the lattice, cross-laminated panels add structural support, surfaces come together to form the living capsules. Having the structure undulate across the topography and touching the ground in as few places as possible uses the dichotomy between landscape and urbanism, bringing the city to the people living in less densified areas. Each living unit is customised to its topological conditions within the grid.展开更多
文摘Theaim of the present work wasto analyze moisture flow and moisture content data for high-temperature drying by usingan advanced image- processing algorithm.Since wood starts to shrink below the fibre saturation point during drying, the size and shape of wood will change. The dry wood image was thoroughly transformed to the shape of the wet wood image prior to calculating the dry weight moisture content. The use of the image- processing algorithm for the dry weight moisture content on density data from the CT-scanning during drying in a controlled high-temperature environment showed that this method is a powerful tool for analyzing the moisture flow inside the wood piece. Furthermore, the new CT-scanner together with the climate chamber gave unique results, as it has not been possible to study high-temperature drying with this method before.
文摘Light-frame timber buildings are often stabilized against lateral loads by using diaphragm action of roofs, floors and walls. The mechanical behavior of the sheathing-to-framing joints has a significant impact on the structural performance of shear walls. Most sheathing-to-framing joints show nonlinear load-displacement characteristics with plastic behavior. This paper is focused on the finite element modeling of shear walls. The purpose is to present a new shear connector element based on the theory of continuum plasticity. The incremental load-displacement relationship is derived based on the elastic-plastic stiffness tensor including the elastic stiffness tensor, the plastic modulus, a function representing the yield criterion and a hardening rule, and function representing the plastic potential. The plastic properties are determined from experimental results obtained from testing actual connections. Load-displacement curves for shear walls are calculated using the shear connector model and they are compared with experimental and other computational results. Also, the ultimate horizontal load-carrying capacity is compared to results obtained by an analytical plastic design method. Good agreements are found.
文摘A "file-to-factory" process of computer technology is a way to both maximise efficiency throughout the building process, in crease a buildi ng's performance, and be able to add interesting architectural possibilities throughout the design phase. The authors investigate a novel approach that produces a set of building trajectories rather than a set of buildings, yet yields a series of build-able examples of those trajectories. This paper evaluates how this series of stacked multi-storey timber buildings can be both incorporated within a file-to-factory process, and give rise to creating new innovative solutions throughout the entire design and manufacturing process. This process is applied to a real Swedish project called Zembla. It redefines the notion of sprawl, turning it into a progressive tactics for linking the dty fabric to rural areas. It is a postsustainable file-to-factory-produced timber ground-scraper;soaring above ground and water, suggesting a new way of making city-sized buildings for the future. A plug-in grid-shell structure is designed to contain a minimal amount of timber elements, beams make up the lattice, cross-laminated panels add structural support, surfaces come together to form the living capsules. Having the structure undulate across the topography and touching the ground in as few places as possible uses the dichotomy between landscape and urbanism, bringing the city to the people living in less densified areas. Each living unit is customised to its topological conditions within the grid.
