Rechargeable sodium metal batteries constitute a cost-effective option for energy storage although sodium shows some drawbacks in terms of reactivity with organic solvents and dendritic growth.Here we demonstrate that...Rechargeable sodium metal batteries constitute a cost-effective option for energy storage although sodium shows some drawbacks in terms of reactivity with organic solvents and dendritic growth.Here we demonstrate that an organic dye,indanthrone blue,behaves as an efficient cathode material for the development of secondary sodium metal batteries when combined with novel inorganic electrolytes.These electrolytes are ammonia solvates,known as liquid ammoniates,which can be formulated as NaI·3.3NH_(3) and NaBF_(4)·2.5NH_(3).They impart excellent stability to sodium metal,and they favor sodium non-dendritic growth linked to their exceedingly high sodium ion concentration.This advantage is complemented by a high specific conductivity.The battery described here can last hundreds of cycles at 10 C while keeping a Coulombic efficiency of 99%from the first cycle.Because of the high capacity of the cathode and the superior physicochemical properties of the electrolytes,the battery can reach a specific energy value as high as 210 W h kgIB^(-1),and a high specific power of 2.2 kW kgIB^(-1),even at below room temperature(4℃).Importantly,the battery is based on abundant and cost-effective materials,bearing promise for its application in large-scale energy storage.展开更多
The recovery and utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the key to achieve the targets of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality.The Na-CO_(2)battery made with cheap alkali metal sodium and greenhouse ga...The recovery and utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the key to achieve the targets of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality.The Na-CO_(2)battery made with cheap alkali metal sodium and greenhouse gas CO_(2)is an effective strategy to consume CO_(2)and store clean renewable energy.However,the liquid electrolyte volatilization in the open battery system and inevitable dendrite growth restrict the application of Na-CO_(2)batteries.In this work,magnesium-doped Na_(3)Zr_(2)Si_(2)PO_(12)(NZSP)was studied as a solid electrolyte for solid-state Na-CO_(2)batteries.The ionic conductivity of Na_(3.2)Zr_(1.9)Mg_(0.1)Si_(2)PO_(12)reaches 1.16 mS cm^(−1)at room temperature by replacing Zr ions in Na_(3.2)Zr_(1.9)Mg_(0.1)Si_(2)PO_(12)with Mg ions,and the structural changes are analyzed by neutron powder diffraction.The composite electrolyte consisting of highly conductive Na_(3.2)Zr_(1.9)Mg_(0.1)Si_(2)PO_(12)and high processability poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)is utilized for the first time to assemble a solid-state Na-CO_(2)battery.The cell shows a full discharge capacity of 7720 mAh g^(−1)at 200 mA g^(−1).The middle gap voltage is lower than 2 V after 120 cycles at 200 mA g^(−1)and at a cut-off capacity of 500 mAh g^(−1).This work demonstrates a promising strategy to design high-performance solid-state Na-CO_(2)batteries.展开更多
A comparison between conventional pyrolysis and a novel developed low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis methodology has been performed for the valorisation of a range of biomass feedstocks including waste resid...A comparison between conventional pyrolysis and a novel developed low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis methodology has been performed for the valorisation of a range of biomass feedstocks including waste residues. Microwave pyrolysis was found to efficiently deliver comparable evolution of bio-gases in the system as compared with conventional pyrolysis at significantly reduced temperatures （120-180 ℃vs 250-400 ℃）. The gas obtained from microwave-assisted pyrolysis was found to contain CO2, CH4 and CO as major components as well展开更多
Cetuximab （CTX） is a potent chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody （mAb） approved worldwide for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Among the various biological and physical analyses per- formed for full ...Cetuximab （CTX） is a potent chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody （mAb） approved worldwide for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Among the various biological and physical analyses per- formed for full study on this biopharmaceutic, the determination of the concentration preparations throughout manufacturing and subsequent handling in hospital is particularly relevant. In the present work, the study and validation of a method for quantifying intact CTX by reverse-phase high-perfor- mance liquid chromatography with diode array detection （（RP）HPLC/DAD） is presented. With that end, we checked the performance of a chromatographic method for quantifying CTX and conducted a study to validate the method as stability-indicating in accordance with the International Conference on Harmo- nization guidelines （ICH） for biotechnological drugs; therefore, we evaluated linearity, accuracy, preci- sion, detection and quantification limits, robustness and system suitability. The specificity of the method and the robustness of the mAb formulation against external stress factors were estimated by compre- hensive chromatographic analysis by subjecting CTX to several informative stress conditions. As de- monstrated, the method is rapid, accurate, and reproducible for CTX quantification. It was also suc- cessfully used to quantify CTX in a long-term stability study performed under hospital conditions.展开更多
This communique is opted to study the approximate solution of the Algebraic Lyapunov equation on the manifold of positive-definite Hermitian matrices.We choose the geodesic distance betweenAHXXA an...This communique is opted to study the approximate solution of the Algebraic Lyapunov equation on the manifold of positive-definite Hermitian matrices.We choose the geodesic distance betweenAHXXA and P as the cost function,and put forward the Extended Hamiltonian algorithm(EHA)and Natural gradient algorithm(NGA)for the solution.Finally,several numerical experiments give you an idea about the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.We also show the comparison between these two algorithms EHA and NGA.Obtained results are provided and analyzed graphically.We also conclude that the extended Hamiltonian algorithm has better convergence speed than the natural gradient algorithm,whereas the trajectory of the solution matrix is optimal in case of Natural gradient algorithm(NGA)as compared to Extended Hamiltonian Algorithm(EHA).The aim of this paper is to show that the Extended Hamiltonian algorithm(EHA)has superior convergence properties as compared to Natural gradient algorithm(NGA).Upto the best of author’s knowledge,no approximate solution of the Algebraic Lyapunov equation on the manifold of positive-definite Hermitian matrices is found so far in the literature.展开更多
By performing one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, the nonlinear effects of electronacoustic(EA) waves are investigated in a multispecies plasma, whose constituents are hot electrons, cold electrons, and beam...By performing one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, the nonlinear effects of electronacoustic(EA) waves are investigated in a multispecies plasma, whose constituents are hot electrons, cold electrons, and beam electrons with immobile neutralized positive ions. Numerical analyses have identified that EA waves with a sufficiently large amplitude tend to trap cold electrons. Because EA waves are dispersive, where the wave modes with different wavenumbers have different phase velocities, the trapping may lead to the mixing of cold electrons. The cold electrons finally get thermalized or heated. The investigation also shows that the excited EA waves give rise to a broad range of wave frequencies, which may be helpful for understanding the broadband-electrostatic-noise spectrum in the Earth’s auroral region.展开更多
A large number of Rayleigh wave dispersion curves recorded at twenty three seismic stations was used to investigate the 3-D shear wave velocity structure of the northeastern Brazilian lithosphere. A simple procedure t...A large number of Rayleigh wave dispersion curves recorded at twenty three seismic stations was used to investigate the 3-D shear wave velocity structure of the northeastern Brazilian lithosphere. A simple procedure to generate a three-dimensional image of Mohorovicic;discontinuity was applied in northeastern Brazil and the Moho 3-D image was in agreement with several isolated crustal thicknesses obtained with different geophysical methods. A detailed 3-D S wave velocity model is proposed for the region. In the crust, our model is more realist than CRUST2.0 global model, because it shows more details either laterally or in depth than global model, i.e., clear lateral variation and gradual increase of S wave velocity in depth. Down to 100 km depth, the 3-D S wave velocity model in northeastern Brazil is dominated by low velocities and this is consistent either with heat flow measurements or with measurements of the flexural strength of the lithosphere developed in the South American continent. Our 3-D S wave velocity model was also used to obtain the lithosphere thickness in each cell of the northeastern Brazil and the results were consistent with global studies about the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary worldwide.展开更多
Background: Global change is causing an increase in the incidence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on forests, which frequently interact synergistically and promote changes in forest structure, composition an...Background: Global change is causing an increase in the incidence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on forests, which frequently interact synergistically and promote changes in forest structure, composition and functioning. In this study we evaluate the regeneration of Pinaceae and Fagaceae species in pure and mixed stands in Mexico to determine if current regeneration patterns are indicative of changes in the relative dominance of these two tree families, as observed in other temperate regions. We also identify the environmental factors that determine the regeneration patterns of Pinaceae and Fagaceae species in these forests.Results: We use data from two consecutive surveys of the National Inventory of Forests and Soils of Mexico(INFyS),obtained in 2004–2009 and 2009–2014. Our results show that the spatial patterns of regeneration are affected by forest structure, by climate, by the type and intensity of disturbances and by land tenure. Importantly, the presence and abundance of Fagaceae regeneration is generally higher than that of Pinaceae, and tends to be favoured(relative to Pinaceae) under warmer climates and by the presence of wildfires.Conclusions: The higher regeneration of Fagaceae relative to Pinaceae under warmer and fire-prone conditions could have important impacts on the composition and functioning of Mexican temperate forests under ongoing climate change, as well as affect their resilience to future disturbances.展开更多
Genetics of traits related to fruit cuticle deposition and composition was studied in two red-fruited tomato species.Two mapping populations derived from the cross between the cultivated tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L....Genetics of traits related to fruit cuticle deposition and composition was studied in two red-fruited tomato species.Two mapping populations derived from the cross between the cultivated tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)and its closest relative wild species Solanum pimpinellifolium L.were employed to conduct a QTL analysis.A combination of fruit cuticle deposition,components and anatomical traits were investigated and the individual effect of each QTL evaluated.A total of 70 QTLs were identified,indicating that all the cuticle traits analyzed have a complex polygenic nature.A combination of additive and epistatic interactions was observed for all the traits,with positive contribution of both parental lines to most of them.Colocalization of QTLs for various traits uncovered novel genomic regions producing extensive changes in the cuticle.Cuticle density emerges as an important trait since it can modulate cuticle thickness and invagination thus providing a strategy for sustaining mechanical strength without compromising palatability.Two genomic regions,located in chromosomes 1 and 12,are responsible for the negative interaction between cuticle waxes and phenolics identified in tomato fruit.Several candidate genes,including transcription factors and structural genes,are postulated and their expression analyzed throughout development.展开更多
基金developed in the context of project RTI2018–102061–B–I00 financed by FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciónThe Generalitat Valenciana through project PROMETEO/2020/089 is also gratefully acknowledged。
文摘Rechargeable sodium metal batteries constitute a cost-effective option for energy storage although sodium shows some drawbacks in terms of reactivity with organic solvents and dendritic growth.Here we demonstrate that an organic dye,indanthrone blue,behaves as an efficient cathode material for the development of secondary sodium metal batteries when combined with novel inorganic electrolytes.These electrolytes are ammonia solvates,known as liquid ammoniates,which can be formulated as NaI·3.3NH_(3) and NaBF_(4)·2.5NH_(3).They impart excellent stability to sodium metal,and they favor sodium non-dendritic growth linked to their exceedingly high sodium ion concentration.This advantage is complemented by a high specific conductivity.The battery described here can last hundreds of cycles at 10 C while keeping a Coulombic efficiency of 99%from the first cycle.Because of the high capacity of the cathode and the superior physicochemical properties of the electrolytes,the battery can reach a specific energy value as high as 210 W h kgIB^(-1),and a high specific power of 2.2 kW kgIB^(-1),even at below room temperature(4℃).Importantly,the battery is based on abundant and cost-effective materials,bearing promise for its application in large-scale energy storage.
基金supported by Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(Grant No.2022-K15)China University of Mining&Technology(Beijing),Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51672029 and 51372271)the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation to the project MAT2017-84496-R.CAL acknowledges ANPCyT,UNSL for financial support(projects PICT2017-1842,PROICO 2-2016),Argentine.
文摘The recovery and utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the key to achieve the targets of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality.The Na-CO_(2)battery made with cheap alkali metal sodium and greenhouse gas CO_(2)is an effective strategy to consume CO_(2)and store clean renewable energy.However,the liquid electrolyte volatilization in the open battery system and inevitable dendrite growth restrict the application of Na-CO_(2)batteries.In this work,magnesium-doped Na_(3)Zr_(2)Si_(2)PO_(12)(NZSP)was studied as a solid electrolyte for solid-state Na-CO_(2)batteries.The ionic conductivity of Na_(3.2)Zr_(1.9)Mg_(0.1)Si_(2)PO_(12)reaches 1.16 mS cm^(−1)at room temperature by replacing Zr ions in Na_(3.2)Zr_(1.9)Mg_(0.1)Si_(2)PO_(12)with Mg ions,and the structural changes are analyzed by neutron powder diffraction.The composite electrolyte consisting of highly conductive Na_(3.2)Zr_(1.9)Mg_(0.1)Si_(2)PO_(12)and high processability poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)is utilized for the first time to assemble a solid-state Na-CO_(2)battery.The cell shows a full discharge capacity of 7720 mAh g^(−1)at 200 mA g^(−1).The middle gap voltage is lower than 2 V after 120 cycles at 200 mA g^(−1)and at a cut-off capacity of 500 mAh g^(−1).This work demonstrates a promising strategy to design high-performance solid-state Na-CO_(2)batteries.
基金supported by the Gobierno de Espaa for the Provision of a Ramon y Cajal Contract (RYC-2009-04199),Projects P10 FQM-6711(Consejeria de Ciencia e Innovacion,Junta de Andalucia) and CTQ2011 28954-C02-02 (MICINN)
文摘A comparison between conventional pyrolysis and a novel developed low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis methodology has been performed for the valorisation of a range of biomass feedstocks including waste residues. Microwave pyrolysis was found to efficiently deliver comparable evolution of bio-gases in the system as compared with conventional pyrolysis at significantly reduced temperatures （120-180 ℃vs 250-400 ℃）. The gas obtained from microwave-assisted pyrolysis was found to contain CO2, CH4 and CO as major components as well
基金funded by Project FIS:PI10/00201 (Instituto Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain)partially supported by European Regional Development Funds (ERDF)
文摘Cetuximab （CTX） is a potent chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody （mAb） approved worldwide for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Among the various biological and physical analyses per- formed for full study on this biopharmaceutic, the determination of the concentration preparations throughout manufacturing and subsequent handling in hospital is particularly relevant. In the present work, the study and validation of a method for quantifying intact CTX by reverse-phase high-perfor- mance liquid chromatography with diode array detection （（RP）HPLC/DAD） is presented. With that end, we checked the performance of a chromatographic method for quantifying CTX and conducted a study to validate the method as stability-indicating in accordance with the International Conference on Harmo- nization guidelines （ICH） for biotechnological drugs; therefore, we evaluated linearity, accuracy, preci- sion, detection and quantification limits, robustness and system suitability. The specificity of the method and the robustness of the mAb formulation against external stress factors were estimated by compre- hensive chromatographic analysis by subjecting CTX to several informative stress conditions. As de- monstrated, the method is rapid, accurate, and reproducible for CTX quantification. It was also suc- cessfully used to quantify CTX in a long-term stability study performed under hospital conditions.
文摘This communique is opted to study the approximate solution of the Algebraic Lyapunov equation on the manifold of positive-definite Hermitian matrices.We choose the geodesic distance betweenAHXXA and P as the cost function,and put forward the Extended Hamiltonian algorithm(EHA)and Natural gradient algorithm(NGA)for the solution.Finally,several numerical experiments give you an idea about the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.We also show the comparison between these two algorithms EHA and NGA.Obtained results are provided and analyzed graphically.We also conclude that the extended Hamiltonian algorithm has better convergence speed than the natural gradient algorithm,whereas the trajectory of the solution matrix is optimal in case of Natural gradient algorithm(NGA)as compared to Extended Hamiltonian Algorithm(EHA).The aim of this paper is to show that the Extended Hamiltonian algorithm(EHA)has superior convergence properties as compared to Natural gradient algorithm(NGA).Upto the best of author’s knowledge,no approximate solution of the Algebraic Lyapunov equation on the manifold of positive-definite Hermitian matrices is found so far in the literature.
基金the support from Chinese Academy of Science(CAS)TWAS for his Ph.D studies at the University of Science and Technology of China in the category of a 2016 CAS-TWAS President’s Fellowship Awardee(Series No.2016-172)+1 种基金partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41331067,41774169,and 41527804)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC010)
文摘By performing one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, the nonlinear effects of electronacoustic(EA) waves are investigated in a multispecies plasma, whose constituents are hot electrons, cold electrons, and beam electrons with immobile neutralized positive ions. Numerical analyses have identified that EA waves with a sufficiently large amplitude tend to trap cold electrons. Because EA waves are dispersive, where the wave modes with different wavenumbers have different phase velocities, the trapping may lead to the mixing of cold electrons. The cold electrons finally get thermalized or heated. The investigation also shows that the excited EA waves give rise to a broad range of wave frequencies, which may be helpful for understanding the broadband-electrostatic-noise spectrum in the Earth’s auroral region.
文摘A large number of Rayleigh wave dispersion curves recorded at twenty three seismic stations was used to investigate the 3-D shear wave velocity structure of the northeastern Brazilian lithosphere. A simple procedure to generate a three-dimensional image of Mohorovicic;discontinuity was applied in northeastern Brazil and the Moho 3-D image was in agreement with several isolated crustal thicknesses obtained with different geophysical methods. A detailed 3-D S wave velocity model is proposed for the region. In the crust, our model is more realist than CRUST2.0 global model, because it shows more details either laterally or in depth than global model, i.e., clear lateral variation and gradual increase of S wave velocity in depth. Down to 100 km depth, the 3-D S wave velocity model in northeastern Brazil is dominated by low velocities and this is consistent either with heat flow measurements or with measurements of the flexural strength of the lithosphere developed in the South American continent. Our 3-D S wave velocity model was also used to obtain the lithosphere thickness in each cell of the northeastern Brazil and the results were consistent with global studies about the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary worldwide.
基金supported by “‘Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-CONACYT’“by a national research grant/scholarship(CVU 225254)to TARby the Spanish government through grant CGL2013–46808-R.JMV benefits from an ICREA Academia award
文摘Background: Global change is causing an increase in the incidence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on forests, which frequently interact synergistically and promote changes in forest structure, composition and functioning. In this study we evaluate the regeneration of Pinaceae and Fagaceae species in pure and mixed stands in Mexico to determine if current regeneration patterns are indicative of changes in the relative dominance of these two tree families, as observed in other temperate regions. We also identify the environmental factors that determine the regeneration patterns of Pinaceae and Fagaceae species in these forests.Results: We use data from two consecutive surveys of the National Inventory of Forests and Soils of Mexico(INFyS),obtained in 2004–2009 and 2009–2014. Our results show that the spatial patterns of regeneration are affected by forest structure, by climate, by the type and intensity of disturbances and by land tenure. Importantly, the presence and abundance of Fagaceae regeneration is generally higher than that of Pinaceae, and tends to be favoured(relative to Pinaceae) under warmer climates and by the presence of wildfires.Conclusions: The higher regeneration of Fagaceae relative to Pinaceae under warmer and fire-prone conditions could have important impacts on the composition and functioning of Mexican temperate forests under ongoing climate change, as well as affect their resilience to future disturbances.
基金supported by grant RTI2018-094277-B/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 from Agencia Estatal de Investigacion,Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion,Spain co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF).
文摘Genetics of traits related to fruit cuticle deposition and composition was studied in two red-fruited tomato species.Two mapping populations derived from the cross between the cultivated tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)and its closest relative wild species Solanum pimpinellifolium L.were employed to conduct a QTL analysis.A combination of fruit cuticle deposition,components and anatomical traits were investigated and the individual effect of each QTL evaluated.A total of 70 QTLs were identified,indicating that all the cuticle traits analyzed have a complex polygenic nature.A combination of additive and epistatic interactions was observed for all the traits,with positive contribution of both parental lines to most of them.Colocalization of QTLs for various traits uncovered novel genomic regions producing extensive changes in the cuticle.Cuticle density emerges as an important trait since it can modulate cuticle thickness and invagination thus providing a strategy for sustaining mechanical strength without compromising palatability.Two genomic regions,located in chromosomes 1 and 12,are responsible for the negative interaction between cuticle waxes and phenolics identified in tomato fruit.Several candidate genes,including transcription factors and structural genes,are postulated and their expression analyzed throughout development.
