基于Ecopath模型的漳泽水库生态系统特征及鲢、鳙生态容量评估

为明晰漳泽水库生态系统的基本特征,估算滤食性鱼类鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichys nobilis)的生态容量,探究鲢鳙增殖放流过程对生态系统的影响,根据2022—2023年的渔业资源调查数据构建漳泽水库Ecopath模型。结果显示,漳泽水库生态系统的联结程度相对紧密,整体上稳定性较差且处于不成熟阶段。鲢、鳙的生态容量分别为161.5和70.3 t/km^(2),分别为当前生物量的3.549和1.947倍,渔业生物量增长潜力显著。鲢、鳙增殖至生态容量过程中,漳泽水库生态系统的总初级生产量/总呼吸量值分别降低0.47和0.15,系统连结指数(CI)和Finn平均路径长度(FMPL)略有增大,说明生态系统的能量利用效率有所提高,生态系统复杂性和成熟度趋于提高。考虑将鲢、鳙生物量分别调整为最大可持续产量80.75和35.15 t/km^(2),提高鲢鳙生产量的同时,有助于生态系统成熟度的提高。以上结果反映了漳泽水库生态系统的发展状况,同时可为渔业增殖管理提供参考。

基于Ecopath模型的景观湖泊生态重建成效评价

为评估西南地区某景观湖泊运用清水型生态系统方式构建的水体修复工程的成效,依据恢复3年后湖泊生态环境调查数据,构建了景观湖泊的Ecopath模型,分析了修复后湖泊的水质变化、新形成的食物网结构、营养级间的能量流动以及生态系统的成熟稳定度,并探究提升修复效果所能采取的人工干预措施。模型共包括肉食性鱼类、鲤、鲫、鲢、鳙、草食性鱼类、浮游动物、浮游植物、沉水植物等16个功能组,基本包括了此生态系统能量流的全过程。结果显示,景观湖泊Ecopath模型Pedigree指标值为0.546,可信度较高。景观湖泊生态系统的营养级为1~3.092,总能量转换效率为1.648%,较为低下。净初级生产量与总呼吸量的比值(TPP/TR)为1.946,连接指数(CI)为0.280,系统杂食指数(SOI)为0.052,Finn's循环指数(FCI)和Finn's平均能流路径长度(FML)分别为5.079%和2.383,与修复前相比,景观湖泊的食物链初步恢复。结合生态通道模型综合分析发现,此景观湖泊修复后仍是一个稳定性较低、食物网联结程度简单、抗外界干扰能力弱且处于发育早期的不成熟生态系统。清水型生态系统构建模式仍需要后期人为干预和调控。

TOWARDS A FOURTH ECOLOGY: Social and Environmental Sustainability with Architecture and Urban Design

The architect has always been interested in the social and cultural dimensions while creating architecture for people to last,with the help of building science and technology.Science could solve some problems,but is yet to solve many of the problems of urbanization in human history.Perhaps many of the problems can only be solved with careful understanding of human behavior,social intercourse,and economics in relation to the urban environments and organizations,and the natural environment simultaneously.There seemed to be a divide between the way an engineer and an architect think and practice in making a building and a piece of architecture,where the former is highly mathematical,and the latter deals with cultural poetics and a whole range of social and technical issues of which the physics of the environment is but one dimension(Bay and Ong 2006).It may appear natural in this age of environmental crisis and rapid urban development in many cities that the current Ecologically Sustainable Design(ESD)system,which is mainly based on science of the physical world,would be readily accepted by the architect in practice and education.Many of the current ESD guidelines can contribute to the avoidance of a further decay of the earth,thus preventing droughts and floods,etc.,and hope to maintain the status quo of the environment for all the“business as usual”social-economic activities.With more world leaders of the developed world agreeing in principle on the need to address climate change,perhaps a lot more will be done based on the engineering models for ecologically friendly planning,commerce,industry,and design.There could be a cognitive bias3 of overconfidence and systemic error that the predominantly engineering focus to keep climate change at bay will solve the problem of sustainability in various parts of the world.The current limited concept of“ecological”or the“green”design does contribute to sustainability,but is quite limited and not the whole picture of sustainability.The concept of sustainability involves the dynamic and complex balance of environmental(man-made and natural),economic and social dimensions,from many earlier sources including the theory of the Third Ecology(Chermayeff and Tzonis 1971)about social ecology directly related to the man-made urban fabric,and recently,the much accepted pervasive framework of the Brundtland Commission Report 1987:Our Common Future,which included more discussions about the interrelatedness with economic equity and the natural environment.Foremost and ultimately it is about promoting and ensuring social quality of living now and sustaining that into the future,for all nations,the rich and the poor,through solving the matrix of social,economic,and environmental problems.From the perspective of the theory and practice of architecture,this paper discusses the following issues:1.Belief in science,disenchantment,symbol of failure of modern architecture-Pruitt Igoe;2.An anti-thesis to Pruitt Igoe-Bedok Court;3.The cultural concerns and preparametric design thinking process of the architect;4.Architecture,social science,cultural value,social capital,behavior,and ESD;5.A Fourth Ecology,multi-disciplinary research by architects,social scientists,and engineers.

Ecological risk assessment of the Gannan Plateau,northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Desertification, soil salinization and grassland degradation are the major environmental hazards faced by the Gannan Plateau, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Ecological risk assessment plays an important role in formulating environmental management strategies yet little attention to this region. In this study, we established an ecological risk assessment index system based on 30 evaluation indices in the categories of hydrometeorology, ecological environment, ground surface disturbance, and society and economy for the Gannan Plateau. An entropy method was used to calculate an index weight,and subsequently the matter-element method was used together with extension theory to establish a matter-element extension model of ecological risk. We assessed the ecological risk in this region by calculating the degree of association between index layer, system layer and target layer, and the cumulative ecological risk index. The degrees of ecological risk for the counties of the region were determined by using Arc GIS which would represent a spatial heterogeneity of the risk grade in production. Our results showed that the areas of high ecological risk were in Zhouqu County and Zhuoni County, and others were of low risk(Hezuo City, Diebu County, Xiahe County and Lintan County) or intermediate risk(Maqu County). The results of the assessment were in accord with the actual observed situation. Thus, our ecological risk assessment index system is appropriate for this region and suggests that high risk counties need a priori ecological protection. Such research could provide a technological support which would potentially prevent or reduce disasters by establishing an ecological barrier to promote the sustainable development of Gannan Plateau.

Socio-Economic Drivers of Degradation and Their Implication on Conservation of River Lumi Riparian Ecosystem in Kenya

Riparian forests ecosystems play significant role in biodiversity conservation and provision of ecosystem goods and services which support local livelihoods. However, riparian ecosystems are threatened by degradation attributed to anthropogenic activities. Understanding the interaction between anthropogenic activities and socio-economic factors, and their associated impact on riparian degradation is essential for designing appropriate management strategies for these ecosystems. This study assessed the socio-economic factors that drive degradation and their implication on conservation of River Lumi riparian ecosystem. Semi-structured questionnaires, Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) and key informant interviews were used to collect the data. The findings indicate that crop farming and livestock production were the main sources of livelihood practiced by 84% and 70% of the households respectively. Consequently, agricultural intensification resulting from increased demand for agricultural commodities (33%), over-grazing coupled with influx of livestock from private ranches and neighbouring pastoralist Maasai community (20%), and deforestation fuelled by population increase (17%) were the main drivers of degradation in River Lumi riparian ecosystem. The findings indicate that about 91% of the adjacent communities are dependent on River Lumi for their sustenance and their livelihoods will be affected by continued degradation of the riparian ecosystem;thus there is need for development of appropriate management strategies including sustainable livelihood systems to conserve River Lumi riparian ecosystem.

Promoting energy efficiency reconstruction for existing buildings based on comprehensive benefit evaluation

The purpose of the comprehensive benefit evaluation of the existing building energy saving renovation project is to promote the healthy development of the energy saving reconstruction. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect the value and function of incentive and restraint. The concrete embodiment is that: improving energy saving standard renovation of existing buildings, promoting the construction of energy efficiency labeling system, and strengthening the construction of government supervision system by the comprehensive benefit evaluation.

Existing building energy-saving reconstruction market in China: Characteristics and prospect

The development of existing building energy saving reconstruction market depends on the interaction among service market, capital market and technology market. Analysis of the characteristics of both building energy-saving service market, capital market and technology market, and analysis on the role of existing building energy saving reconstruction market development in energy conservation and emission reduction development strategy, energy-saving transformation policy implementation and promotion of other industries landing, will be conducive to energy-saving renovation of existing buildings market cultivation and development.

Land Use and Land Cover Change along River Lumi Riparian Ecosystem in Kenya: Implications on Local Livelihoods

Riparian forests minimize impacts of land degradation on stream ecosystems and provide direct and indirect benefits to people. However, these ecosystems are threatened by degradation and deforestation attributed to land use changes. River Lumi riparian ecosystem in Taita Taveta County in Kenya has experienced rapid and extensive land use changes over the past three decades in response to economic, institutional and demographic factors. There is growing concern of riparian degradation attributed to land use change with far reaching implications on local livelihoods. A study was conducted to examine the patterns of land use and land cover change along River Lumi riparian ecosystem between 1987 and 2019. The aim of the study was to ascertain the impacts of land use and land cover change on local livelihoods. Landsat images were used to assess land use and land cover change while socio-economic data was collected from 353 households in Njukini, Chala and Mboghoni located in the upper, middle and lower sections of River Lumi ecosystem respectively. Research evidence authenticated that the area under farmlands, settlement and water body increased by 20.5%, 112.1% and 2.3% respectively between 1987 and 2019 while area under forest patches, grazing land and riverine vegetation decreased by 52.7%, 3.0%, and 36.6% respectively. The increase in population in surrounding areas coupled with encroachment of the riparian areas for crop farming and livestock grazing resulted to loss of riparian forest patches/vegetation and associated biodiversity with negative implications on household livelihoods. The implication of these results is the need for land use regulations and management interventions at the County level to arrest further encroachment of River Lumi riparian ecosystem and consequent loss of biodiversity and livelihoods.

基于Ecopath评估蟹-稻复合生态系统营养结构和能量流动

蟹-稻综合种养模式为我国水产养殖以及农业从单一经营转变为复合经营提供了一种新模式,为了促进蟹-稻共作模式的推广和普及,应用Ecopath生态通道模型对该系统进行了营养结构和能量流动的分析。研究结果表明蟹-稻共作生态系统的最高营养级(3.140)高于稻田单作系统的最高营养级(2.676),生态系统的能量流动主要有两条途径,即以沉水植物和其他维管束植物为起点的牧食链及以碎屑为起点的腐质链;蟹-稻共作农田生态系统在6月和10月的Finn′s循环指数(Finn′s cycling index,FCI,0.55和1)和Finn′s循环平均能流路径长度(Finn′s cycling mean path length,FCL,2.066和2.077),稻田单作农田生态系统在6月和10月的FCI(1.14和0.81)和FCL(2.089和2.137),说明蟹-稻共作模式可以形成一个稳定的生态系统,中华绒螯蟹的加入可以促进该完整的生态系统的能量流动,且随着螃蟹的成长,系统成熟度有所提高,只是较单作系统的成熟度低,共作系统有更大的成熟空间;蟹-稻共作农田生态系统在6月和10月的连接指数(Connectance index,CI)分别为0.135和0.135,稻田单作系统在6月和10月的CI为0.188和0.161,共作系统的各功能组之间的连接强度较单作系统弱,稳定程度相对较低,蟹-稻共作农田生态系统的初级生产力显著高于单作农田生态系统,且蟹-稻共作农田生态系统的发育良好。

Energy and exergy recovery from exhaust hot water using organic Rankine cycle and a retrofitted configuration

Exhaust hot water （EHW） is widely used for various industrial processes. However, the excess heat carried by EHW is typically ignored and discharged into the environment, resulting in heat loss and heat pollution. An organic Rankine cycle （ORC） is an attractive technology to recycle heat from low-temperature energy carriers. Herein, ORC was used to recycle the heat carried by EHW. To investigate the energy and exergy recovery effects of EHW, a mathematical model was developed and a parametric study was conducted. The energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of the EHW-driven ORC system were modeled with R245fa, Rl13 and R123 as the working fluids. The results demonstrate that the EHW and evaporation temperatures have significant effects on the energy and exergy efficiencies of the EHW-driven ORC system. Under given EHW conditions, an optimum evaporation temperature exists corresponding to the highest exergy efficiency. To further use the low-temperature EHW, a configuration retrofitted to the ORC by combining with flash evaporation （FE） was conducted. For an EHW at 120 ~C and 0.2 MPa, the maximum exergy efficiency of the FE-ORC system is 45.91% at a flash pressure of 0.088 MPa. The FE-ORC performs better in exergy efficiency than the basic FE and basic EHW-driven ORC.

Ultrafine Fe/Fe3C decorated on Fe-N_(x)-C as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for efficient Zn-air batteries

Efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for ORR and OER are fundamental to the development of high performance metal-air batteries.Herein,a facile cost-efficient two-step pyrolysis strategy for the fabrication of a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst has been proposed.The efficient non-preciousmetal-based electrocatalyst,Fe/Fe_(3)C@Fe-N_(x)-C consists of highly curved onion-like carbon shells that encapsulate Fe/Fe_(3)C nanoparticles,distributed on an extensively porous graphitic carbon aerogel.The obtained Fe/Fe_(3)C@Fe-N_(x)-C aerogel exhibited superb electrochemical activity,excellent durability,and high methanol tolerance.The experimental results indicated that the assembly of onion-like carbon shells with encapsulated Fe/Fe_(3)C yielded highly curved carbon surfaces with abundant Fe-Nxactive sites,a porous structure,and enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards ORR and OER,hence displaying promising potential for application as an air cathode in rechargeable Zn-air batteries.The constructed Zn-air battery possessed an exceptional peak power density of~147 mW cm^(-2),outstanding cycling stability(200 cycles,1 h per cycle),and a small voltage gap of 0.87 V.This study offers valuable insights regarding the construction of low-cost and highly active bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for efficient air batteries.

Sustainable Land-Use Recommendations in Light of Agroforestry Systems in Response to the Changing Scenario of Land-Cover

Change detection of land-cover to recommend the future directions of land-use is indispensable for sustainable development and the proper utilization of land resources. In this research, unsupervised classification maps produced using images of Landsat 8 OLI from 2013 until 2021 (with a 4-year interval) reveal important land-cover changes, along with their drivers, in Kapasia, Bangladesh. Overall, a substantial increase in paddy (24.7% to 27.2%) and urban (3.5% to 10.1%) and a decrease in homestead (67.5% to 59.3%) and forest (4.2% to 3.4%) were observed within the time interval. To direct the land-use towards long-term biodiversity and sustainability of the region, it is important to implement types of agroforestry systems as the observed decrease in homestead and forest areas are alarming. Agroforestry practices will not only have a positive environmental impact but can help diversify food systems, increase economic return and optimize natural resource use.

Characterization and Risk Assessment of the Collapse of the Woody Stand of Ecosystems of the Fathala Forest (Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserve-Senegal)

The objective of this study is to characterize and assess the risk of collapse of woody plant formations in the Fathala forest. In recent years, this forest has suffered a sharp reduction in its plant cover to the point of compromising the survival of populations of certain animal species such as the Red colobuses. The methods used are respectively constituted by the transect method, the dendrometric statements method and that of establishing the red list of ecosystems of the IUCN. The specific richness comprises 56 species divided into 47 genera and 22 families. The density is higher in the unfenced area (369 ind/ha in clear forest and 53 ind/ha in gallery forest) compared to the fenced area (160 ind/ha in clear forest versus 48 ind/ha in gallery forest). A study of the plant formations shows a strong degradation of the ecosystems passing from a clear and dry Sudanese forest to a wooded savannah. The cover rate in the fenced area is 20% in gallery forests and 25% in clear forests;in the unfenced area, it is 19% and 23% in gallery forests and clear forests, respectively. The application of the IUCN criteria shows an annual rate of collapse is -6 ind/ha in gallery forests and -4 ind/ha in clear forests. The annual rate of cover collapse would be -3.75% and -2.9% for gallery forests and clear forests, respectively. These results classify the forest in the Critically Endangered category. The main factors responsible for this degradation are, among others, anthropogenic actions and climatic pejoration. These results could constitute a basic tool for undertaking an improvement in the management of this forest, which is a living environment for an animal species.

A CAD-BEM geometry transformation method for face-based primary geometric input based on closed contour recognition

Performance analysis during the early design stage can significantly reduce building energy consumption.However,it is difficult to transform computer-aided design(CAD)models into building energy models(BEM)to optimize building performance.The model structures for CAD and BEM are divergent.In this study,geometry transformation methods was implemented in BES tools for the early design stage,including auto space generation(ASG)method based on closed contour recognition(CCR)and space boundary topology calculation method.The program is developed based on modeling tools SketchUp to support the CAD format(like*.stl,*.dwg,*.ifc,etc.).It transforms face-based geometric information into a zone-based tree structure model that meets the geometric requirements of a single-zone BES combined with the other thermal parameter inputs of the elements.In addition,this study provided a space topology calculation method based on a single-zone BEM output.The program was developed based on the SketchUp modeling tool to support additional CAD formats(such as*.stl,*.dwg,*.ifc),which can then be imported and transformed into*.obj.Compared to current methods mostly focused on BIM-BEM transformation,this method can ensure more modeling flexibility.The method was integrated into a performance analysis tool termed MOOSAS and compared with the current version of the transformation program.They were tested on a dataset comprising 36 conceptual models without partitions and six real cases with detailed partitions.It ensures a transformation rate of two times in any bad model condition and costs only 1/5 of the time required to calculate each room compared to the previous version.

Utilization of human excrement in pre-modern China,its theoretical interpretations and ecological significance

The use of human excrement as fertilizer is a characteristic of traditional Chinese agriculture..The application of excrement from urban residents in agriculture since the Song Dynasty has ensured the cleanliness and hygiene of ancientChinesecities.As early as the Ming Dynasty,the Chinese people defined the principle of fertilizing fields with human excrement from the perspective of materialcirculation.The concept Peri-URban ecosystems(PURE)provides inspiration forurban-rural symbiosis regarding circulareconomy.The use of human excrement in fertilization is a major attribute differentiating the Chinese traditional agriculture from the agriculture in other regions around the world.Despite the fact that the exact record showing that human excrement was used as fertilizer in China emerged in the Western Han Dynasty(B.C.202-A.D.8),such records did not become prevalent until the Southern Song Dynasty(A.D.1127-1279).In the Ming and Qing eras(A.D.1368-1912),human excrement was even considered"top-class fertilizerand servedas themost essential fertilizerin farmland fertilization.The importance of human excrement in the Ming and Qing was mainly reflected by farmers'purchase of human excrement from urban areas.As fertilization practices became increasingly popular during the period,men of letters built a localized theoretical system centering on human excrement.Although the use of human excrement had both positive and negative impacts on public health and the ecological environment,the positive overshadowed the negativeas a whole.Today,it is worth pondering on how the utilization of human excrement as an agricultural resource can be improved so that a material cycle system can be rebuilt to re-connect the urban and rural areas.

The drivers and spatial distribution of economic efficiency in China's cities

This study analyzes cities in China at the prefecture level and above to calculate indices for“urban economic efficiency”(the relationship between input factors and output)and“urbanization economic efficiency”(the relationship between newly increased output and increased economic input),based on the Stochastic Frontier Analysis(SFA)method.We compare and analyze the factors influencing change and their spatial distributions.The results show that capital and labor rather than urban land could effectively improve urban and urbanization economic efficiency.And,although the proportion of wages to GDP has a significant negative impact on urban economic efficiency,for social equity and stability,the proportion should be increased;if appropriate,it would not significantly reduce urbanization economic efficiency.Additionally,population density,population urbanization rate,and government fiscal expenditure significantly positively impact urban and urbanization economic efficiency.However,we also found that increases in the degree of industrial structure deviation and urban landscape fragmentation are harmful to urbanization economic efficiency.In terms of spatial distribution,the urbanization economic efficiency of most of China's northeastern and eastern coastal areas is significantly lower than that of other regions;at the same time,the urban economic efficiency of most of these cities has been decreasing,especially in the northeast,which warrants greater policy attention.

溶液环境对两种菱镁矿阴离子捕收剂浮选泡沫性能的影响

浮选体系中浮选泡沫各项性能直接影响其与矿物颗粒间的相互作用.采用DFA 100动态泡沫分析仪,研究了不同pH值和Mg^(2+)环境下磷酸酯盐捕收剂的起泡性能、泡沫稳定性以及泡沫结构等的性能差异,并与传统油酸盐捕收剂进行了对比分析.结果表明,同为菱镁矿捕收剂,十六烷基磷酸酯钾(CP)捕收剂相较于传统油酸钠(NaOl)捕收剂,在pH值和Mg^(2+)浓度变化时的泡沫适应性更强,且在菱镁矿浮选中显示出更大的优势.具体来说,在相同质量浓度条件下,CP捕收剂溶液表面张力变化相对缓慢,且在所研究pH值和Mg^(2+)浓度范围内均显示相对更适宜的起泡能力和泡沫稳定性,泡沫结构也更稳定.单矿物浮选试验结果表明,菱镁矿上浮率与溶液环境对两种捕收剂泡沫性能的影响结果具有一致性.在pH值小于6.0或Mg^(2+)质量浓度超过30 mg·L^(-1)时,传统NaOl体系中菱镁矿上浮困难,浮选泡沫性能差,而CP体系中菱镁矿上浮率均保持在60%以上.本研究为磷酸酯类捕收剂在菱镁矿浮选中的应用提供了理论依据和实践指导.

土壤中铬价态转化的影响因素与作用机制研究进展

土壤中铬(Cr)污染是全球性环境问题,六价铬Cr(Ⅵ)因其高毒性及致癌性而成为关注焦点。土壤中的Cr主要以Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的形式存在,两者之间的转化受到诸如土壤pH值、氧化还原电位(Eh)、天然氧化还原剂、有机质和微生物的影响。随着工农业活动的增多,土壤中的Cr浓度不断增加,并通过植物吸收进入食物链等多种途径,对生态系统和人体健康构成威胁。本文对Cr在全球范围内的污染现状及来源、土壤中Cr的不同价态及其毒性特征进行了评述,并分析了pH、Eh对土壤中Cr的具体存在形态与价态的影响,及天然氧化还原剂、有机质等因素利用自身化学性质充当电子供体或受体的角色对土壤中Cr价态进行转化的氧化还原机理,以及不同影响因素之间的相互作用关系,从而可以全面理解土壤中Cr价态转化的行为机制。此外,在对Cr价态影响因素深入了解的基础上,总结了以生物炭和纳米材料为代表的先进修复技术方法,这些材料和方法由于能够将Cr(Ⅵ)有效地还原为毒性较小的Cr(Ⅲ),从而降低生态环境风险,因而是一类具有巨大潜在应用价值的修复材料和修复方法,但大规模应用的可行性及其修复效果仍需要进一步验证。

Multiple Tin Compounds Modified Carbon Fibers to Construct Heterogeneous Interfaces for Corrosion Prevention and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.

Trace ruthenium promoted dual-reconstruction of CoFeP@C/NF for activating overall water splitting performance beyond precious-metals

At present,Ru dopants mainly enhance electrocatalytic performance by inducing strain,vacancy,local electron difference,and synergy.Surprisingly,this work innovatively proposes that trace Ru atoms induce dual-reconstruction of phosphide by regulating the electronic configuration and proportion of Co–P/Co–O species,and ultimately activate superb electrocatalytic performance.Specifically,Ru-CoFeP@C/nickel foam(NF)is reconstructed to generate hydrophilic Co(OH)_(2)nanosheets during the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)process,further accelerating the alkaline HER kinetics of phosphide.And the as-formed CoOOH during the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)process directly accelerates the oxygen overflow efficiency.As expected,the overpotential at 100 mA·cm^(−2)(η100)values of the reconstructed Ru-CoFeP@C/NF are 0.104 and 0.257 V for HER and OER,which are greatly lower than that of Pt/C-NF and RuO_(2)-NF benchmarks,respectively.This work provides guidance for the construction of highperformance catalysts for HER and OER dual reconstruction.This work provides a new idea for the optimization of catalyst structure and electrocatalytic performance.