Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was employed to investigate bioluminescence in Panellus stipticus (Bull.) P. Karst. by detecting proteins differentially expressed in bioluminescent and luminescent strains....Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was employed to investigate bioluminescence in Panellus stipticus (Bull.) P. Karst. by detecting proteins differentially expressed in bioluminescent and luminescent strains. Comparisons of luminescent and non-luminescent monokaryon cultures of North American strains revealed differences in transcript levels of proteins responsible for post-translational modification (PTM) of enzymes. A similar comparison of a luminescent strain of P. stipticus from North America with a non-luminescent European strain revealed the presence of extracellular manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in the luminescent form, in addition to proteins involved in PTM. The application of MnSOD-specific inhibitors to luminescent mycelium resulted in the rapid loss of luminescence. The relevance to luminescence of proteins involved in PTM is discussed, together with a possible role for MnSOD that considers the potential for SODs to form stable complexes with catechols revealed in previously published research. In light of the recent discovery that hispidine may be the precursor of fungal luciferin, we consider a hypothetical mechanism for fungal luminescence in which the ο-hydroquinone moiety of a hispidine derivative ligates with the extracellular form of MnSOD producing a semiquinone-radical complex, with the resultant semiquinonato complex potentially reacting with molecular oxygen or other reactive oxygen species to produce sufficiently excited intermediates to emit light on relaxation.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to determine the interactive effects of supple- mental Ca amendment and salinity on germination of sweet sorghum seeds in saline solution culture medium, and investigate the effects of dif...[Objective] This study aimed to determine the interactive effects of supple- mental Ca amendment and salinity on germination of sweet sorghum seeds in saline solution culture medium, and investigate the effects of different combinations of Na/Ca ratio in saline soils on the early growth of sweet sorghum plants. [Method] A germi- nation test and a greenhouse pot experiment were conducted to assess the interac- tive effects of calcium addition to culture medium on the germination and seedling growth of sweet sorghum （Sorghum saccharatum Moench） in saline soils with a range of NaYCa ratios. In the germination test, seeds were treated with different combinations of five calcium levels [0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mmol/L Ca（NO3）2] and five salinity levels （0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mmol/L NaCI）. In the greenhouse experi- ment, seeds were sown in potting soils containing 3 salinity levels （2.3, 4.7 and 7.0 dS/m） and three Na：Ca ratios （10：0, 10：1, and 5：1）. [Result] In the germination test, Ca addition at 5 mmol/L promoted germination by 5.5%, 9.9%, and 17.0% at the 3.4, 6.7 and 10.1 dS/m salinity levels. The higher Ca level （10 mmol/L） also in- creased germination by 9.1% and 7.8% at the 3.4 and 6.7 dS/m salinity levels. Then even higher Ca addition at 15 and 20 mmol/L appeared to promote germina- tion when culture media had high salinity （10.1 and 13.4 dS/m）. In the greenhouse pot experiment, saline soil amended with supplemental Ca at the 2.3 and 4.7 dS/m salinity levels significantly promoted early seedling growth, with an increase of 6.8% to 28.2% in plant height and 14.3% to 67.9% in whole plant weight. From 28 to 42 d after seeding, the relative growth of seedling was increased by Ca addition, with a reduction of 49.5% to 66.0% in plant height and 4.8% to 61.9% in whole plant weight. From 42 to 56 d after seeding, however, the relative growth of seedling was significantly inhibited by Ca amendment. [Conclusion] Results of this study indicate that appropriate supplemental Ca could improve sorghum germination and early seedling growth in saline soils.展开更多
文摘Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was employed to investigate bioluminescence in Panellus stipticus (Bull.) P. Karst. by detecting proteins differentially expressed in bioluminescent and luminescent strains. Comparisons of luminescent and non-luminescent monokaryon cultures of North American strains revealed differences in transcript levels of proteins responsible for post-translational modification (PTM) of enzymes. A similar comparison of a luminescent strain of P. stipticus from North America with a non-luminescent European strain revealed the presence of extracellular manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in the luminescent form, in addition to proteins involved in PTM. The application of MnSOD-specific inhibitors to luminescent mycelium resulted in the rapid loss of luminescence. The relevance to luminescence of proteins involved in PTM is discussed, together with a possible role for MnSOD that considers the potential for SODs to form stable complexes with catechols revealed in previously published research. In light of the recent discovery that hispidine may be the precursor of fungal luciferin, we consider a hypothetical mechanism for fungal luminescence in which the ο-hydroquinone moiety of a hispidine derivative ligates with the extracellular form of MnSOD producing a semiquinone-radical complex, with the resultant semiquinonato complex potentially reacting with molecular oxygen or other reactive oxygen species to produce sufficiently excited intermediates to emit light on relaxation.
基金Supported by Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution,Natural Science Foundation of China(31171483)Fund for Returning Overseas Scholars(2011)+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Science Technology Support Program (BE2010307)the Start-up Project of Yangzhou University(2006 and 2009)
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to determine the interactive effects of supple- mental Ca amendment and salinity on germination of sweet sorghum seeds in saline solution culture medium, and investigate the effects of different combinations of Na/Ca ratio in saline soils on the early growth of sweet sorghum plants. [Method] A germi- nation test and a greenhouse pot experiment were conducted to assess the interac- tive effects of calcium addition to culture medium on the germination and seedling growth of sweet sorghum （Sorghum saccharatum Moench） in saline soils with a range of NaYCa ratios. In the germination test, seeds were treated with different combinations of five calcium levels [0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mmol/L Ca（NO3）2] and five salinity levels （0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mmol/L NaCI）. In the greenhouse experi- ment, seeds were sown in potting soils containing 3 salinity levels （2.3, 4.7 and 7.0 dS/m） and three Na：Ca ratios （10：0, 10：1, and 5：1）. [Result] In the germination test, Ca addition at 5 mmol/L promoted germination by 5.5%, 9.9%, and 17.0% at the 3.4, 6.7 and 10.1 dS/m salinity levels. The higher Ca level （10 mmol/L） also in- creased germination by 9.1% and 7.8% at the 3.4 and 6.7 dS/m salinity levels. Then even higher Ca addition at 15 and 20 mmol/L appeared to promote germina- tion when culture media had high salinity （10.1 and 13.4 dS/m）. In the greenhouse pot experiment, saline soil amended with supplemental Ca at the 2.3 and 4.7 dS/m salinity levels significantly promoted early seedling growth, with an increase of 6.8% to 28.2% in plant height and 14.3% to 67.9% in whole plant weight. From 28 to 42 d after seeding, the relative growth of seedling was increased by Ca addition, with a reduction of 49.5% to 66.0% in plant height and 4.8% to 61.9% in whole plant weight. From 42 to 56 d after seeding, however, the relative growth of seedling was significantly inhibited by Ca amendment. [Conclusion] Results of this study indicate that appropriate supplemental Ca could improve sorghum germination and early seedling growth in saline soils.
