Low Birth Weight and Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnant Women in Lomé (Togo) in 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Since 2012, the World Health Organization has recommended intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT-SP) to prevent malaria-related complications in pregnant women. Ten years following these recommendations, we conducted this study to estimate the coverage for three doses of IPT-SP (IPT3) as well as the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW), and its associated factors in Lomé (Togo) in 2021. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2021. An exhaustive recruitment of women and their newborns was carried out in the maternity wards of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center. Data from antenatal consultations and clinical data of the newborns were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to determine factors associated with LBW. Results: A total of 252 mother-child pairs were included in this study. Median age of the mothers was 27 years, IQR [24-31]. More than a third (35.3%) of the mothers were primigravida. IPT3 coverage was 66.7% and 14.7% of newborns had a LBW. The prevalence of LBW was 33.3% [23.3-43.4] in women who had received fewer than 3 doses of IPT-SP and 5.4% [2.0-8.8] in those who had received at least 3 doses of IPT-SP (p Conclusion: Ten years following recommendations of the WHO on IPT-SP, malaria prevention based on IPT-SP is not optimal among pregnant women in Lomé, and the proportion of LBW children remains high. Actions to strengthen the three-dose IPT-SP policy are needed to prevent malaria and its consequences among newborns in Togo.

Coal petrology,sedimentology and depositional environment of the Parvadeh coais in the Upper Triassic,Tabas Block of Central-East Iran

Peat forming environment strongly influences the economic value of any coal seam and coal-bearing strata.Hence,pal-aeoenvironmental studies provide important information for coal resource exploration.In this context,detailed studies on selected coals from the Parvadeh Area,Iran,were conducted using sedimentology,coal petrology,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analyzer(SEM-EDX),and proximate analysis.The sedi-mentary facies above and below the coal seams are mainly marine or marine-influenced facies,supporting that the coal-forming mires in the Parvadeh Area developed in a paralic environment,where the base level must be closely related to sea level.Sulfur contents are moderate to high and mark the influence of brackish/marine water,especially during transgres-sion after peat growth in a lower delta plain environment.The peat-forming mires extended on coastal/delta plain lobes.The lower delta plain/coastal plain coals are characterized by lateral continuity and substantial thickness,whereas few coals possibly representing the upper delta plain are thin and more discontinuous.The detrital nature and composition of the numerous partings and the overall high ash yield in the coal seams indicate an active tectonic area with high rates of creation of accommodation space over peat growth.Coal petrology and coal facies analysis exhibits a permanently high water table within a forest swamp and mostly rheotrophic conditions,sometimes with connection to the seawater.Accord-ing to paleoenvironmental reconstructions,it seems that coal layers may be thicker,with less sulfur(pyrite),but more clastic minerals and partings toward the western part of the area.Although these coal seams presently have low economic potential for the mining operation,partly due to great depth,this humic,high-volatile to medium-volatile bituminous coal may be suitable for exploration of coal bed methane resources.

Iron Status of a People Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa Using a Multi-Criteria Approach Based on the Determination of Blood Ferritin, sTfR, CRP and sTfR-F Index

Background: The assessment of iron status using a single biomarker of iron metabolism is not enough sensitive and specific to reliably diagnose iron deficiency associated with multiple comorbidities. The objective of this study was to describe the iron status of people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa using a multi-criteria approach based on the determination of blood ferritin, sTfR, CRP and the calculation of sTfR-F index. Methods: This study was conducted using a retrospective panel of 933 sera/plasmas. We determined serum ferritin concentration, serum sTfR concentration, and C-reactive protein (CRP) by immunoturbidimetry for each subject. The sTfR-F index was determined by calculating the sTfR/log ferritin ratio. The statistical test used was Chi2. Results: Regardless of the inflammatory syndrome, we determined 3.80%, 30.29%, and 42.70% iron deficiency based on the separate interpretation of ferritin concentration, sTfR, and sTfR-F calculation, respectively. We used those biomarkers in addition to CRP in an algorithm for the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Subjects without inflammatory syndrome, had iron deficiency of 2.89% (n = 26). Taking into account the presence of an inflammatory syndrome, the frequency obtained was n = 88 (9.78%). Overall, iron deficiency was diagnosed in 114 (12.67%) patients when we used the diagnostic algorithm. Conclusion: The use of diagnostic algorithms combining several biomarkers of iron metabolism and taking into account the presence or absence of an inflammatory syndrome is a good approach to detect a large number of iron deficiencies in a population. Therefore, an assessment of the effectiveness of different diagnostic algorithms is necessary.

气候变化情景下基于MaxEnt的麦瘟病在全球及中国的适生性分析

麦瘟病是小麦生产上的一种毁灭性真菌病害,过去仅在南美洲流行。2016年该病害在亚洲的孟加拉国首次出现,给世界尤其我国小麦生产带来重大潜在威胁。本研究基于麦瘟病当前在全球(包括孟加拉国)的分布数据和生物气候数据,采用MaxEnt生态位模型和ArcGIS软件,预测了当前气候条件下麦瘟病在全球特别是在我国的潜在适生区,以及RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP6.0和RCP8.5 4种气候变化情景下2030s、2050s和2070s麦瘟病在中国潜在适生区分布范围,进而以刀切法分析了影响其分布的主要气候因子,并采用ROC对预测结果进行检验。结果表明,在当前和未来不同气候情景下,麦瘟病在中国的中风险和高风险区面积将呈增加趋势,未来情景下与当前气候情景下相比,中风险和高风险区的面积比例增加范围为0.08%~1.63%,其中温度和湿度条件对麦瘟病的潜在分布区影响最大。此研究结果对于我国麦瘟病的检疫和防控提供了技术支撑。

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitonealchemotherapy in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer associated peritoneal carcinomatosis(GCPC) has a poor prognosis with a median survival of less than one year. Systemic chemotherapy including targeted agents has not been found to significantly increase the survival in GCPC. Since recurrent gastric cancer remains confined to the abdominal cavity in many patients, regional therapies like aggressive cytoreductive surgery( CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC) have been investigated for GCPC. HIPEC has been used for three indications in GC- as an adjuvant therapy after a curative surgery, HIPEC has been shown to improve survival and reduce peritoneal recurrences in many randomised trials in Asian countries; as a definitive treatment in established PC, HIPEC along with CRS is the only therapeutic modality that has resulted in longterm survival in select groups of patients; as a palliative treatment in advanced PC with intractable ascites, HIPEC has been shown to control ascites and reduce the need for frequent paracentesis. While the results of randomised trials of adjuvant HIPEC from western centres are awaited, the role of HIPEC in the treatment of GCPC is still evolving and needs larger studies before it is accepted as a standard of care.

The assessment of structural changes on optic nerve head and macula in primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension

AIM：To assess morphological changes in macula, retinal nerve fiber layer （RNFL） and optic nevre head （ONH） of cases with primary open angle glaucoma （POAG） and ocular hypertension （OH） with spectral domain optic coherence tomography （OCT）.METHODS：This study included 109 eyes from 62 POAG patients, 50 eyes from 30 OH patients, and 101 eyes from 53 healthy volunteers. Data gained by OCT were compared with perimetry indexes. ONH, RNFL and macula analysis were performed for all subjects. Rim area, disc area,average cup/disc （C/D） ratio, vertical C/D ratio, cup volume data were recorded during ONH analysis. Average RNFL thickness and the thickness of four quadrants （superior,inferior, nasal and temporal） was established in microns.In total, nine macular quadrants involving the foveal region mentioned in the Early Treatment Diabetic Treatment Study（ETDRS） template were measured, and average macular thickness and macular volume data were recorded during macula analysis. Differences between groups were evaluated with the one-way ANOVA test. Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed to detect difference between groups.Receiver-operating characteristic （ROC） analysis was done for early stage POAG patients to establish sensitivity and specificity of chosen parameters in early stage POAG.Area under the receiver operating characteristic （AUROC）values were calculated to compare ROC areas.RESULTS：Statistically significant differences were found in all ONH parameters, except optic disc area. Neuroretinal rim area was identified as the parameter with the highest difference between groups （F=21.72, P〈0.05）. The highest correlation between ONH parameters and perimetry was observed at neuroretinal rim region （r=0.487）. Inferior RNFL thickness was established as the parameter with the highest difference between groups among RNFL parameters. In the mean of all glaucoma patients, the highest correlation between data handled with OCT and mean deviation was observed in RNFL thickness. Average macular thickness was detected as the parameter with the highest difference between groups among macular parameters. The highest correlation between macula parameters and perimetry indexes was observed between average macular thickness and perimetry indexes （r=0.514）.CONCLUSION：Although the assessment of ONH and the analysis of macular thickness are important in diagnosis and treatment, RNFL assessment is the most valuable parameter.

Intra-operative peritoneal lavage for colorectal cancer

Free cancer cells can be detected in peritoneal fluid at the time of colorectal surgery.Peritoneal lavage in colorectal surgery for cancer is not used in routine,and the prognostic significance of intraperitoneal free cancer cells(IPCC)remains unclear.Data concerning the technique of peritoneal lavage to detect IPCC and its timing regarding colorectal resection are scarce.However,positive IPCC might be the first step of peritoneal spread in colorectal cancers,which could lead to early specific treatments.Because of the important heterogeneity of IPCC determination in reported studies,no treatment have been proposed to patients why positive IPCC.Herein,we provide an overview of IPCC detection and its impact on recurrence and survival,and we suggest further multi-institutional studies to evaluate new treatment strategies.

早期原发性开角型青光眼与帕金森患者SD-OCT检查结果的比较

目的:使用光学相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)比较早期帕金森病(PD)和原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者黄斑和视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度参数。方法:回顾性分析。选取48例早期POAG患者、34例早期PD患者和37例年龄及性别相匹配的健康志愿者(对照组),使用SD-OCT分别测量RNFL和9个象限的黄斑厚度(ETDRS分区)。本研究纳入的早期POAG患者视野检测MD<-6 dB。PD组患者采用Hoehn和Yahr(H&Y)及统一帕金森病分级量表(UPDRS)评估PD的严重程度,纳入H&Y I-III期患者。结果:除颞侧RNFL外,三组间RNFL厚度均有显著差异(P<0.05)。三组间黄斑中心凹厚度、平均黄斑厚度和黄斑外侧象限厚度均有显著差异(P<0.05)。POAG组和PD组患者黄斑内侧象限厚度无显著差异(P>0.05)。PD组患者病程、UPDRS评分与黄斑厚度和RNFL厚度均呈负相关。结论:通过SD-OCT对早期POAG和PD患者黄斑和RNFL厚度参数进行检测,发现两者出现相似的变薄现象,而在早期POAG组这种现象更为明显,推测青光眼引起的黄斑神经退行性变比PD更具破坏性,但PD患者黄斑中央凹区变薄更为显著。

Organic petrology and geochemistry of Triassic and Jurassic coals of the Tabas Basin, Northeastern/Central Iran

Jurassic and Triassic coals and organic matter-rich shales of the Tabas Basin, Iran, were investigated with respect to their thermal maturation and petrographic composition. The Triassic coals of the Parvadeh coal field range in vitrinite reflectance between 1.17% and 1.37% and the Jurassic coals of the Mazino coal field between 2.08% and 2.29% VRr. Maceral analysis revealed a predominance of vitrinite in all samples, with slightly higher percentages of inertinite in the Jurassic samples. Rock-Eval analyses confirm the presence of type III kerogen in the Triassic coals, while the Jurassic coals contain strongly carbonized residual kerogen. The range of sulfur contents for coals from the Parvadeh coal field (0.37% to 4.64%) and Mazino coal field (0.45% to 2.92%) is related to the effect of marine water in peat. The studied samples are characterized by the predominance of short- over long-chained n-alkanes. The relatively high Pr/Ph ratios indicate predominance of terrestrial organic matter whereas Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18 ratios prove oxic conditions during deposition. In addition, the DBT/Phen ratio shows that these coals formed in fluvial/deltaic environments. Molecular geochemical parameters such as carbon preference index (CPI, 0.99-1.04), methyl phenanthrene index (MPI, 1.20-1.60), methyl naphthalene ratio (MNR, 1.61-3.45), and ethyl naphthalene ratio (ENR, 4-6.78) confirm the high maturity of the samples. Burial and thermal history reconstruction indicates necessity of an erosional thickness of about 4000 m in the Parvadeh area. Towards the Mazino area, a higher basal heat flow up to 80 mW m^-2 is assumed for the Paleogene leading to higher maturities.

急性和慢性视神经炎患者视觉通路的弥散张量成像分析（英文）

目的:急性和慢性视神经炎患者视觉通路的弥散张量成像评估以及视力障碍、视网膜神经纤维层厚度与扩散指数变化的相关性研究。方法:在26例患者和13例健康对照组中进行扩散张量成像术。患者中17眼患有急性视神经炎,20眼患有慢性视神经炎和15例未受感染眼。所有受试者中,采用神经眼科检查、光学相干断层扫描、视觉诱发电位、眶颅MRI等方法对视觉传入系统进行评估。结果:急性和慢性视神经炎患者视神经中各向异性低于对照组(P=0.28)。急性和慢性视神经炎患者视神经平均扩散率高于患者未受感染眼及对照组(P<0.01)。患者与对照组视网膜神经纤维层厚度、P100振幅、潜伏期及视力差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。相较于对照组,患者组中视交叉平均扩散率较高(P=0.011)。各组间视束各向异性和平均扩散率测量差异均有统计学意义(分别为P=0.032和P=0.013)。在相关性分析中,急性视神经炎P100潜伏期与视神经各向异性相关(r=-0.439,P=0.021)。平均扩散率与视网膜神经纤维层厚度、视力和P100潜伏期相关(r=-0.464,-0.334,-0.389;P<0.05)。各向异性与平均扩散率和视力有关,差异均有统计学意义(r=-0.393,0.364;P<0.05),而慢性视神经炎的平均扩散系数与P100振幅和RNLF厚度相关(r=-0.412,-0.374;P<0.05)。视力下降与平均扩散率增加和各向异性下降有关(P<0.05)。结论:弥散张量成像能够显示眼眶MRI看似正常的组织中的异常。研究结果表明,弥散张量成像的测量与视觉缺陷和组织损伤相关。

Defining strawberry shape uniformity using 3D imaging and genetic mapping

Strawberry shape uniformity is a complex trait,influenced by multiple genetic and environmental components.To complicate matters further,the phenotypic assessment of strawberry uniformity is confounded by the difficulty of quantifying geometric parameters‘by eye’and variation between assessors.An in-depth genetic analysis of strawberry uniformity has not been undertaken to date,due to the lack of accurate and objective data.Nonetheless,uniformity remains one of the most important fruit quality selection criteria for the development of a new variety.In this study,a 3D-imaging approach was developed to characterise berry shape uniformity.We show that circularity of the maximum circumference had the closest predictive relationship with the manual uniformity score.Combining five or six automated metrics provided the best predictive model,indicating that human assessment of uniformity is highly complex.Furthermore,visual assessment of strawberry fruit quality in a multi-parental QTL mapping population has allowed the identification of genetic components controlling uniformity.A“regular shape”QTL was identified and found to be associated with three uniformity metrics.The QTL was present across a wide array of germplasm,indicating a potential candidate for marker-assisted breeding,while the potential to implement genomic selection is explored.A greater understanding of berry uniformity has been achieved through the study of the relative impact of automated metrics on human perceived uniformity.Furthermore,the comprehensive definition of strawberry shape uniformity using 3D imaging tools has allowed precision phenotyping,which has improved the accuracy of trait quantification and unlocked the ability to accurately select for uniform berries.

Quantitative trait loci controlling Phytophthora cactorum resistance in the cultivated octoploid strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)

The cultivated strawberry,Fragaria×ananassa(Fragaria spp.)is the most economically important global soft fruit.Phytophthora cactorum,a water-borne oomycete causes economic losses in strawberry production globally.A biparental cross of octoploid cultivated strawberry segregating for resistance to P.cactorum,the causative agent of crown rot disease,was screened using artificial inoculation.Multiple putative resistance quantitative trait loci(QTL)were identified and mapped.Three major effect QTL(FaRPc6C,FaRPc6D and FaRPc7D)explained 37%of the variation observed.There were no epistatic interactions detected between the three major QTLs.Testing a subset of the mapping population progeny against a range of P.cactorum isolates revealed no significant interaction(p=0.0593).However,some lines showed higher susceptibility than predicted,indicating that additional undetected factors may affect the expression of some quantitative resistance loci.Using historic crown rot disease score data from strawberry accessions,a preliminary genome-wide association study(GWAS)of 114 individuals revealed an additional locus associated with resistance to P.cactorum.Mining of the Fragaria vesca Hawaii 4 v1.1 genome revealed candidate resistance genes in the QTL regions.

A roadmap for research in octoploid strawberry

The cultivated strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)is an allo-octoploid species,originating nearly 300 years ago from wild progenitors from the Americas.Since that time the strawberry has become the most widely cultivated fruit crop in the world,universally appealing due to its sensory qualities and health benefits.The recent publication of the first highquality chromosome-scale octoploid strawberry genome(cv.Camarosa)is enabling rapid advances in genetics,stimulating scientific debate and provoking new research questions.In this forward-looking review we propose avenues of research toward new biological insights and applications to agriculture.Among these are the origins of the genome,characterization of genetic variants,and big data approaches to breeding.Key areas of research in molecular biology will include the control of flowering,fruit development,fruit quality,and plant–pathogen interactions.In order to realize this potential as a global community,investments in genome resources must be continually augmented.

桑贾克拉尔清真寺,伊斯坦布尔,土耳其

这座建筑是应桑贾克拉尔家族之意而设计的。他们希望在俯瞰大切克梅杰湖、有大量封闭社区的街区中建造一座清真寺。主要的问题是与奥斯曼清真寺古典范式的矛盾,那对于今天的施工技术已是空无意义的明日黄花。由于清真寺并没有既定的形式,而任何洁净之地都可以作为祈祷室,所以项目远离关于形式的讨论,仅仅聚焦于宗教空间的"本质"。

Digoxin intoxication： An old enemy in modern era

新治疗形式的 ObjectivesAlthough 开发限制了异羟基洋地黄毒苷用法，异羟基洋地黄毒苷沉醉仍然是能容易被俯看的一个重要问题。在这份报告，当在现代 era.MethodsWe 的异羟基洋地黄毒苷沉醉分析了就医，异羟基洋地黄毒苷沉醉由历史证实了的 71 个病人，我们分析了决定性地诊断的一个案例系列，抱怨，临床并且心动电流描记器(ECG ) 调查结果，和浆液异羟基洋地黄毒苷铺平 &#x0003e；2.0 ng/mL，在五个年时期期间。人口统计、临床的数据，为异羟基洋地黄毒苷使用的指示，异羟基洋地黄毒苷剂量，并发的药，实验室数据，监视的医院，和 ECG 调查结果从所有 patients.ResultsThirty 被获得 -- 71 个病人(53.5%) 中的八个在承认期间有心失败的症状或以后。百分之 64 个病人比 75 年旧。女性的百分比是 67% 。Atrial 纤维性颤动，高血压和胃肠的抱怨在女性是更经常的(64% 在女性， 30% 在男性， P = 0.007；81% 在女性， 52% 在男性， P = 0.01；50% 在女性， 17.3% 在男性， P = 0.008，分别地) 。死亡率在医院功课期间是表明的 7%.ConclusionsThis 报告在有在学习时期上的异羟基洋地黄毒苷沉醉的病人的减少的死亡率。胃肠的抱怨是在这张人口的最普通的症状。

双侧耳垂皱褶与冠状动脉疾病:一种重要的关联

Background: The association between the presence of diagonal earlobe crease (ELC) and coronary artery disease (CAD) still remains controversial. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between bilateral ELC and CAD. Methods: 415 patients were examined for the presence or absence of bilateral ELC, angiographic evidence of CAD and coronary risk factors. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to angiographic evidence of CAD. Results: Bilateral ELC was significantly and positively correlated with CAD, hypertension, age, male gender, cigarette smoking and family history of CAD. The ELC was an independent variable for CAD. The observed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the bilateral ELC for the diagnosis of CAD were in the following order: 51.3, 84.8, 89.4 and 41.2%. Conclusion: The presence of bilateral ELC was significantly associated with CAD and coronary risk factors. The bilateral ELC was an important dermatological indicator of CAD, and it might be a useful diagnostic tool in the clinical examination of patients.

Two-photon photopolymerization directly initiated by spiropyran photochromic molecules

Here,we report the ability of spiropyrans to initiate two-photon polymerization(TPP)for the first time in the literature.The comparison and synergies between the spiropyran photochromic molecule of interest,namely 6-nitro-BIPS,and well-known photoinitiators of radical photopolymerization have been studied.The spiropyran(SPy)molecule can initiate TPP in the presence of trifunctional acrylic monomers and create true 3D structures.The comparison with Irgacure 819,a well-known Type-I photoinitiator,shows that SPy has a comparable capability for TPP.In addition,the combination of SPy with methyl diethanolamine increased the reactivity of both one-and two-photon polymerizations.In the last section,we discuss which SPy isomer is the active photochromic species capable of generating radicals for initiating two-photon polymerization.

Genomic analysis,trajectory tracking,and field surveys reveal sources and long-distance dispersal routes of wheat stripe rust pathogen in China

Identifying sources of phytopathogen inoculum and determining their contributions to disease outbreaks are essential for predicting disease development and establishing control strategies.Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),the causal agent of wheat stripe rust,is an airborne fungal pathogen with rapid virulence variation that threatens wheat production through its long-distance migration.Because of wide variation in geographic features,climatic conditions,and wheat production systems,Pst sources and related dispersal routes in China are largely unclear.In the present study,we performed genomic analyses of 154 Pst isolates from all major wheat-growing regions in China to determine Pst population structure and diversity.Through trajectory tracking,historical migration studies,genetic introgression analyses,and field surveys,we investigated Pst sources and their contributions to wheat stripe rust epidemics.We identified Longnan,the Himalayan region,and the Guizhou Plateau,which contain the highest population genetic diversities,as the Pst sources in China.Pst from Longnan disseminates mainly to eastern Liupan Mountain,the Sichuan Basin,and eastern Qinghai;that from the Himalayan region spreads mainly to the Sichuan Basin and eastern Qinghai;and that from the Guizhou Plateau migrates mainly to the Sichuan Basin and the Central Plain.These findings improve our current understanding of wheat stripe rust epidemics in China and emphasize the need for managing stripe rust on a national scale.

Ion imprinted cryogel-based supermacroporous traps for selective separation of cerium(Ⅲ) in real samples

This study demonstrates the preparation and characterization of a novel ion imprinted cryogel which exhibits high affinity and selectivity towards Ce（Ⅲ） ions in aqueous solutions and bastnasite ore samples.2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate（HEMA） and N-methacryloylamido antipyrine（MAAP） were used as functional monomers for the preparation of Ce（Ⅲ） imprinted cryogel. The effects of various factors such as initial Ce（Ⅲ） concentration, flow rate, pH, interaction time and ionic strength on the Ce（Ⅲ） binding to the prepared ion imprinted cryogels were also studied. The binding equilibrium for Ce（Ⅲ） is obtained in30 min at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The maximum binding capacity of the prepared ion imprinted cryogel towards Ce（Ⅲ） is obtained as 36.58 mg/g at optimum conditions. The selectivity of the prepared ion imprinted cryogel towards Ce（Ⅲ） in the presence of other possible interfering lanthanide ions such as La（Ⅲ） and Nd（Ⅲ） were also performed. The obtained results showed that the prepared ion imprinted cryogel exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity towards Ce（Ⅲ） ions. The limit of detection（LOD） was found as 50 μg/L.