负电性高效聚合物降解剂研究及矿场先导试验

针对聚合物驱过程中长期注聚合物导致的聚合物堵塞问题,研发了一种负电性高效聚合物降解剂。采用电子显微镜、Zeta电位仪和多重光散射仪等仪器,研究了降解剂的微观形貌特征、体系稳定性、降解性能和降黏性能,评价了降解剂在多孔介质中的动态降解效果。结果表明:降解剂的最佳用量为质量分数为1.0%,该用量下聚合物降黏率和降解率均能达到95%以上,对聚合物及聚合物胶团的降解能力强,解堵效果明显。该降解剂腐蚀性弱,对井筒和管道损害小。在锦州9-3油田W4-4井开展了注聚合物井解堵矿场试验,验证了负电性高效聚合物降解剂的矿场解堵效果。该聚合物降解剂能够为聚合物驱高效开发提供技术支持。

Effect of Petroleum Sulphonate on Interfacial Property and Stability of Crude Oil Emulsions

The influence of petroleum sulphonate (TRS) on interfacial properties and stability of the emulsions formed by formation water and asphaltene, resin and crude model oils from Gudong crude oil was investigated by measurement of interfacial shear viscosity, interfacial tension (IFT) and emulsion stability. With increasing petroleum sulphonate concentration, IFT between the formation water and the asphaltene, resin and crude model oils decreases significantly. The interfacial shear viscosity and emulsion stability of asphaltene and crude model oil system increase for the petroleum sulphonate concentration in the range 0.1% to 0.3%, and decrease slightly when the concentration of the surfactant is 0.5%. There exists a close correlation between the interfacial shear viscosity and the stability of the emulsions formed by asphaltene or crude model oils and petroleum sulphonate solution.The stability of the emulsions is determined by the strength of the interfacial film formed of petroleum sulphonate molecules and the natural interfacial active components in the asphaltene fraction and the crude oil. The asphaltene in the crude oil plays a major role in determining the interfacial properties and the stability of the emulsions.

Viscous fingering and its effect on areal sweep efficiency during waterflooding: an experimental study

Viscous fingering is one of the main challenges that could reduce areal sweep efficiency during waterflooding in oil reservoirs. A series of waterflooding experiments were carried out in a Hele-Shaw cell at ambient temperature during which areal sweep efficiency was estimated and techniques to ease the fingering problem were examined. The onset and propagation of viscous fingers were monitored as a function of both injection rate and injection/production positions. Image processing techniques were utilized to quantitatively investigate the propagation of fingers. The experimental results show that, under specific conditions, increasing the number of finger branches could improve the areal sweep efficiency, whereas growth of a single narrow finger has a negative impact on oil displacement efficiency. According to the obtained results,increasing the injection rate improves the areal sweep efficiency up to a critical rate at which viscous fingers start to grow.The impact of heterogeneity of the medium on distributing the viscous fingers was also investigated by introducing two different arrangements of fractures in the model. The results show that fractures perpendicular to the direction of flow would distribute the displacing water more uniformly, while fractures in the direction of flow would amplify the unfavorable sweep efficiency.

Novel Intermolecular C-H…π Interactions from a One-dimensional Chain:Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Ladder Dibenzyl Tin Carboxylate

The title ladder organotin carboxylate,{[（C6H5CH2）2Sn]4（p-NH2C6H4-COO）2O2（OCH3）2}·0.5H2O 1,has been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses,IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.Complex 1 is located across on an inversion center and displays a Sn4O4 ladder-like structure with a one-dimensional supramolecular chain through C-H…π interactions.In the asymmetric unit two Sn（Ⅳ） atoms assume similar trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry.Two aminobenzoate groups coordinate to the terminal Sn（Ⅳ） atoms.The deprotonated methanol molecule bridges two independent Sn（Ⅳ） atoms.A half of lattice water molecule is disorderly filled in the cavity formed by Sn（Ⅳ） complexes.

Impacts of interactions with low-mineralized water on permeability and pore behavior of carbonate reservoirs

Laboratory filtration experiments are employed to investigate effective well killing while minimizing its impacts on surrounding rocks.The novelty of this experimental study lies in the prolonged exposure of rock samples to the killing fluid for seven days,corresponding to the average duration of well workovers in the oilfields in Perm Krai,Russia.Our findings indicate that critical factors influencing the interactions between rocks and the killing fluid include the chemical composition of the killing fluid,the mineralogical composition of the carbonate rocks,reservoir pressure and temperature,and the contact time.Petrophysical analyses using multi-scale X-ray computed tomography,field emission scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction were conducted on samples both before and after the well killing simulation.The experiments were performed using real samples of cores,crude oil,and the killing fluid.The results from this study indicate that low-mineralized water(practically fresh water)is a carbonate rock solvent.Such water causes the dissolution of rock components,the formation of new calcite crystals and amoeba-like secretions,and the migration of small particles(clay,quartz,and carbonates).The formation of deep channels was also recorded.The assessment reveals that the change in the pH of the killing fluid indicates that the observed mineral reactions were caused by carbonate dissolution.These combined phenomena led to a decrease in the total number of voids in the core samples,which was 25%on average,predominantly among voids measuring between 45 and 70μm in size.The change in the pore distribution in the bulk of the samples resulted in decreases in porosity of 1.8%and permeability of 67.0%in the studied core samples.The results from this study indicate the unsuitability of low-mineralized water as a well killing fluid in carbonate reservoirs.The composition of the killing fluid should be optimized,for example,in terms of the ionic composition of water,which we intend to investigate in future research.