Genetic testing vs microforceps biopsy in pancreatic cysts:Systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and cytology in pancreatic cystic fluid are suboptimal for evaluation of pancreatic cystic neoplasms.Genetic testing and microforceps biopsy are promising tools for pre-operative diagnostic improvement but comparative performance of both methods is unknown.AIM To compare the accuracy of genetic testing and microforceps biopsy in pancreatic cysts referred for surgery.METHODS We performed a literature search in Medline,Scopus,and Web of Science for studies evaluating genetic testing of cystic fluid and microforceps biopsy of pancreatic cysts,with endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration(EUSFNA)prior to surgery and surgical pathology as reference standard for diagnosis.We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy for:1-benign cysts;2-mucinous low-risk cysts;3-high-risk cysts,and the diagnostic yield and rate of correctly identified cysts with microforceps biopsy and molecular analysis.We also assessed publication bias,heterogeneity,and study quality.RESULTS Eight studies,including 1206 patients,of which 203(17%)referred for surgery who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed in the systematic review,and seven studies were included in the meta-analysis.Genetic testing and microforceps biopsies were identical for diagnosis of benign cysts.Molecular analysis was superior for diagnosis of both low and high-risk mucinous cysts,with sensitivities of 0.89(95%CI:0.79-0.95)and 0.57(95%CI:0.42-0.71),specificities of 0.88(95%CI:0.75-0.95)and 0.88(95%CI:0.80-0.93)and AUC of 0.9555 and 0.92,respectively.The diagnostic yield was higher in microforceps biopsies than in genetic analysis(0.73 vs 0.54,respectively)but the rates of correctly identified cysts were identical(0.73 with 95%CI:0.62-0.82 vs 0.71 with 95%CI:0.49-0.86,respectively).CONCLUSION Genetic testing and microforceps biopsies are useful second tests,with identical results in benign pancreatic cysts.Genetic analysis performs better for low-and high-risk cysts but has lower diagnostic yield.

P-EPS转向系统噪声分析及改进研究

小齿轮助力式电动助力转向器(P-EPS)因结构设计不合理而产生异响。通过建立机械系统分析模型,利用Artemis Head噪声分析软件对异响产生的原因进行分析,提出了优化设计方案,并对优化设计前后相关零件的结构进行对比。结果表明:优化后的结构异响得到明显改善,可以应用于同类产品结构设计。

可发性聚苯乙烯EPS树脂国家标准

本标准规定了可发性聚苯乙烯树脂的产品分类、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则以及标志、包装、运输、储存。

Multi-layer perceptron-based data-driven multiscale modelling of granular materials with a novel Frobenius norm-based internal variable

One objective of developing machine learning(ML)-based material models is to integrate them with well-established numerical methods to solve boundary value problems(BVPs).In the family of ML models,recurrent neural networks(RNNs)have been extensively applied to capture history-dependent constitutive responses of granular materials,but these multiple-step-based neural networks are neither sufficiently efficient nor aligned with the standard finite element method(FEM).Single-step-based neural networks like the multi-layer perceptron(MLP)are an alternative to bypass the above issues but have to introduce some internal variables to encode complex loading histories.In this work,one novel Frobenius norm-based internal variable,together with the Fourier layer and residual architectureenhanced MLP model,is crafted to replicate the history-dependent constitutive features of representative volume element(RVE)for granular materials.The obtained ML models are then seamlessly embedded into the FEM to solve the BVP of a biaxial compression case and a rigid strip footing case.The obtained solutions are comparable to results from the FEM-DEM multiscale modelling but achieve significantly improved efficiency.The results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed internal variable in enabling MLP to capture highly nonlinear constitutive responses of granular materials.

A particle-resolved heat-particle-fluid coupling model by DEM-IMB-LBM

Multifield coupling is frequently encountered and also an active area of research in geotechnical engineering.In this work,a particle-resolved direct numerical simulation(PR-DNS)technique is extended to simulate particle-fluid interaction problems involving heat transfer at the grain level.In this extended technique,an immersed moving boundary(IMB)scheme is used to couple the discrete element method(DEM)and lattice Boltzmann method(LBM),while a recently proposed Dirichlet-type thermal boundary condition is also adapted to account for heat transfer between fluid phase and solid particles.The resulting DEM-IBM-LBM model is robust to simulate moving curved boundaries with constant temperature in thermal flows.To facilitate the understanding and implementation of this coupled model for non-isothermal problems,a complete list is given for the conversion of relevant physical variables to lattice units.Then,benchmark tests,including a single-particle sedimentation and a two-particle drafting-kissing-tumbling(DKT)simulation with heat transfer,are carried out to validate the accuracy of our coupled technique.To further investigate the role of heat transfer in particle-laden flows,two multiple-particle problems with heat transfer are performed.Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed coupling model is a promising high-resolution approach for simulating the heat-particle-fluid coupling at the grain level.

月面手动插旗过程的离散元-有限元耦合分析

在月球表面插入旗帜对人类探索宇宙具有重要意义.本文采用离散元G有限元耦合算法对手动插旗过程进行数值分析,首先,建立月壤的离散元模型、旗杆的有限元模型以及月壤与旗杆相互作用的离散元G有限元耦合模型;然后,对旗杆的结构进行优化设计以提高其稳固性;最后,提出三种不同的插旗方式并讨论不同插旗方式下旗杆的动力特性.研究结果表明,离散元G有限元耦合算法对月面插旗过程的模拟是有效的;底部尖锐度及稳定支架开叉角度的合理设计有利于增大旗杆的入壤深度和旗杆的稳固性;增大直接插入法中轴向力、提高敲击插入法中敲击力和敲击频率均可以增加旗杆的入壤深度;旋转插入法中旋转速度和旋转频率对插入过程影响较小.以上研究可为月面手动插旗提供有效的方案和理论参考.

颗粒材料破碎行为数值分析方法研究综述

颗粒材料在自然界和工程领域普遍存在,外载荷作用下颗粒可能发生破碎现象.颗粒材料的破碎行为会引起其物理力学性质的变化,给工程和建筑建设带来极大影响.研究宏、细观尺度下颗粒材料的破碎行为不仅可以揭示颗粒破碎的力学机理,还对工程领域的安全和正常进行提供保障.因此,分析颗粒破碎过程既具有实际工程意义,又有理论研究价值.文章综述了颗粒破碎行为研究的数值分析方法,在基于离散元法理论的数值方法中,介绍了黏结-破碎法和碎片替代法;在基于离散元-有限元耦合算法的方法中,介绍了比例边界有限元法、组合有限元-离散元法和内聚力模型;此外还详细介绍了近场动力学方法.文章主要梳理并讨论了以上数值方法的提出、实现过程、发展、关键问题、优势以及这些方法的不足之处.此外,针对每一种数值方法回顾了国内外的研究成果以及在工程中的主要应用,对每种方法重点关注的问题进行了介绍.最后对目前关于颗粒破碎的数值研究进行总结,并对今后的发展方向进行简单的展望.

Characterization of Depleted Hydrocarbon Reservoir AA-01 of KOKA Field in the Niger Delta Basin for Sustainable Sub-Sea Carbon Dioxide Storage

This study characterized the AA-01 depleted hydrocarbon reservoir in the KOKA field, Niger Delta, using a multidimensional approach. This investigation involved data validation analysis, evaluation of site suitability for CO_(2) storage, and compositional simulation of hydrocarbon components. The primary objective was to determine the initial components and behavior of the hydrocarbon system required to optimize the injection of CO_(2) and accompanying impurities, establishing a robust basis for subsequent sequestration efforts in the six wells in the depleted KOKA AA-01 reservoir. The process, simulated using industry software such as ECLIPSE, PVTi, SCAL, and Petrel, included a compositional fluid analysis to confirm the pressure volume temperature(PVT) hydrocarbon phases and components. This involved performing a material balance on the quality of the measured data and matching the initial reservoir pressure with the supplied data source. The compositional PVT analysis adopted the Peng–Robinson equation of state to model fluid flow in porous media and estimate the necessary number of phases and components to describe the system accurately. Results from this investigation indicate that the KOKA AA-01 reservoir is suitable for CO_(2)sequestration. This conclusion is based on the reservoir's good quality, evidenced by an average porosity of 0.21 and permeability of 1 111.0 mD, a measured lithological depth of 9 300 ft, and characteristic reservoir – seal properties correlated from well logs. The study confirmed that volumetric behavior predictions are directly linked to compositional behavior predictions, which are essential during reservoir initialization and data quality checks. Additionally, it highlighted that a safe design for CO_(2) storage relies on accurately representing multiphase behaviour across wide-ranging pressure–temperature–composition conditions.

影响松材线虫传播的生物化学物质

松树萎蔫病是导致我国松林资源严重受损的主要原因之一,该病的传播主要是由于健康松树被寄生于媒介昆虫上的松材线虫侵染所引发。该文介绍了影响媒介昆虫松褐天牛携带松材线虫传播的生物化学物质。在松材线虫进入媒介昆虫体内过程中,脂肪酸、挥发性萜烯、碳氢化合物和CO_(2)发挥重要调控作用;在媒介昆虫寻找寄主过程中,会受到寄主植物产生的挥发物质萜烯和碳氢化合物的影响;松材线虫体内的中性脂质含量高低是决定松材线虫从媒介昆虫脱落挥发物释放的化学开关。

中国古瓷视角下的斯瓦希里文明嬗变

自9世纪起,中国陶瓷就通过印度洋贸易网络流通到东非,随后在斯瓦希里海岸出现了一种中国物质文化与阿拉伯宗教文化相结合的文化采借现象。11—15世纪,以中国陶瓷为代表的进口器物被广泛地运用在东非沿海城市的核心建筑——柱墓、清真寺和石屋中,用来连接过去和现在、本土与海外,并成为精英贵族“大传统”的一部分,表现出了同中有异的跨文化特征,反映了前现代的亚非联系。来自波斯和阿拉伯地区移民群体的更迭使东非地区对中国陶瓷作为建筑装饰的使用呈现出时代性变化,同时斯瓦希里人发挥非洲主动性,形成了将珊瑚石建筑、城市与文明挂钩的生活方式和象征体系。以中国古瓷来解释斯瓦希里文明的发展变化成为学界外来起源和本土起源争论的一部分,而借助跨学科的视角能更为全面地认识这段东非历史。

A refined deviatoric hardening plastic model for sand

The classical deviatoric hardening models are capable of characterizing the mechanical response of granular materials for a broad range of degrees of compaction.This work finds that it has limitations in accurately predicting the volumetric deformation characteristics under a wide range of confining/consolidation pressures.The issue stems from the pressure independent hardening law in the classical deviatoric hardening model.To overcome this problem,we propose a refined deviatoric hardening model in which a pressure-dependent hardening law is developed based on experimental observations.Comparisons between numerical results and laboratory triaxial tests indicate that the improved model succeeds in capturing the volumetric deformation behavior under various confining/consolidation pressure conditions for both dense and loose sands.Furthermore,to examine the importance of the improved deviatoric hardening model,it is combined with the bounding surface plasticity theory to investigate the mechanical response of loose sand under complex cyclic loadings and different initial consolidation pressures.It is proved that the proposed pressure-dependent deviatoric hardening law is capable of predicting the volumetric deformation characteristics to a satisfactory degree and plays an important role in the simulation of complex deformations for granular geomaterials.

Editorial Statement of the Economic and Political Studies (EPS)

The Economic and Political Studies(EPS)was founded in 2012 by Renmin University of China and is published by the Renmin University of China Press.The very first issue of this journal appears now in January 2013.The EPS focuses on academic research explicitly or implicitly related to

Natural Gas Power Plants in the System Security Role—The Situation and Solutions in Brazil

This study aims to apply a methodology to analyze the regulatory obstacles for the development of thermal power plants in a country. The study uses Brazil as an application case, although mostly of the findings can be useful to other countries. It also discusses other policies and actions by the government that may contribute to the growth of natural gas-fired power plants. Using deductive and comparative research methods, the first part of this method focuses on the stage of thermoelectric power generation in Brazil. The subsequent sections present the role of the integration of gas and electricity sectors, the main obstacles to the expansion of natural-gas power generation, how the country has deal with the expansion of natural-gas power generation, as well as how other obstacles has been faced. In raising the research question, when comparing the research results of selected countries, it should be noticed the impact that the experience and lessons elsewhere have had on policies formulation on Brazil. Our conclusions pointed out that adequate policies for the natural gas-electricity Brazilian market integration make advisable the unification of electricity and natural gas agencies. We recommended developing a mathematical model to support decision-making on natural gas and electricity integration.

What do we know about pseudodementia?

Depression and dementia can lead to generalised cognitive and memory dysfunction.Thus,differentiating these disorders is important and challenging.Pseudodementia is a term used clinically to describe symptoms that resemble dementia but are caused by other conditions(most frequently depression),rather than being recognised as an official diagnosis.Pseudodementia is characterised by a cognitive impairment that mimics dementia but which does not have its origin in neurological degeneration,deriving instead from functional psychiatric conditions.This condition is more commonly observed in older adults(particularly those over the age of 50 or 60 years),and its risk factors overlap with those for depression.Pseudodementia is essentially characterised by deficits in memory,executive function and speech and,therefore,can easily be confused with dementia,although there are aspects that allow its differentiation.Diagnosing pseudodementia can be difficult,especially as there is significant overlap between its symptoms and those of other conditions.However,it is important to recognise characteristic aspects of this disorder,as its correct identification is essential for proper treatment.

Searching for the Nano-Hertz Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background with the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array Data ReleaseⅠ

Observing and timing a group of millisecond pulsars with high rotational stability enables the direct detection of gravitational waves(GWs).The GW signals can be identified from the spatial correlations encoded in the times-of-arrival of widely spaced pulsar-pairs.The Chinese Pulsar Timing Array(CPTA)is a collaboration aiming at the direct GW detection with observations carried out using Chinese radio telescopes.This short article serves as a“table of contents”for a forthcoming series of papers related to the CPTA Data Release 1(CPTA DR1)which uses observations from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope.Here,after summarizing the time span and accuracy of CPTA DR1,we report the key results of our statistical inference finding a correlated signal with amplitude logA_(c)=-14.4_(-2.8)^(+1.0)for spectral index in the range ofα∈[-1.8,1.5]assuming a GW background(GWB)induced quadrupolar correlation.The search for the Hellings–Downs(HD)correlation curve is also presented,where some evidence for the HD correlation has been found that a 4.6σstatistical significance is achieved using the discrete frequency method around the frequency of 14 n Hz.We expect that the future International Pulsar Timing Array data analysis and the next CPTA data release will be more sensitive to the n Hz GWB,which could verify the current results.

Role of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition in diagnosing hepatic focal lesions

BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)has become an established method in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in gastroenterology;however,it has recently gained a growing role in hepatology.AIM To evaluate the role of EUS features,strain elastography(SE),and EUS-tissue acquisition in diagnosing hepatic focal lesions(HFLs)that could affect further management.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 215 patients with pancreatic,biliary,or gastrointestinal malignancies referred for EUS examination.HFLs were identified in 43 patients(20%),and EUSguided tissue acquisition was performed from these lesions.RESULTS EUS features were highly sensitive(100%)but much less specific(57%)in diagnosing HFLs;the overall accuracy was 94%.Real-time elastography was also very sensitive(97%)but less specific(67%)in diagnosing HFLs;however,the overall accuracy was 92%.EUS tissue acquisition was extremely sensitive(100%)and specific(100%),with a 100%overall diagnostic accuracy.CONCLUSION The diagnostic utility of EUS-guided tissue acquisition was extremely accurate in diagnosing HFLs.EUS characteristics and real-time SE accurately predicted the histological diagnosis of both benign and malignant HFLs.

Heat Characteristics and Viscous Flow in a Moving Isothermal Cylindrical Duct with Nanoparticles

Extrusion, melt spinning, glass fiber production, food processing, and mechanical molding rely on heat transmission. Isothermal techniques have been employed in highly structured equipment and living cell temperature regulators. The flow and heat properties of CuO nanofluids flowing through a moving cylindrical isothermal conduit were examined, in the presence of nanoparticles and viscous dissipation. Two-dimensional flows of an incompressible Newtonian fluid via a cylindrical conduit with uniform surface velocity and temperature were utilized. The flow’s partial differential equations were transformed to a non-dimensional form and numerically solved using a finite difference scheme built in the C++ program. The effect of nanoparticle size (0.0 to 0.6) and viscous dissipation (0, 20, 40) on heat behavior and fluid movement are examined and profiles are used to present the numerical findings. The findings revealed that decreasing the variable nanoparticle parameter increased fluid velocity, stream function, and circulation while decreasing fluid temperature. The temperature of the fluid rises in direct proportion, as the viscous dissipation factor improves. This study improves understanding of the viscous flow and heat behavior of boundary layer problems when a nanofluid is used as the heat transfer working fluid in various engineering isothermal processes such as boiling and condensation.

Investigation of radial heat conduction with 1D self-consistent model in helicon plasmas

A 1D radially self-consistent model in helicon plasmas has been established to investigate the influence of radial heat conduction on plasma transport and wave propagation.Two kinds of 1D radial fluid models,with and without considering heat conduction,have been developed to couple the 1D plasma-wave interaction model,and self-consistent solutions have been obtained.It is concluded that in the low magnetic field range the radial heat conduction plays a moderate role in the transport of helicon plasmas and the importance depends on the application of the helicon source.It influences the local energy balance leading to enhancement of the electron temperature in the bulk region and a decrease in plasma density.The power deposition in the plasma is mainly balanced by collisional processes and axial diffusion,whereas it is compensated by heat conduction in the bulk region and consumed near the boundary.The role of radial heat conduction in the large magnetic field regime becomes negligible and the two fluid models show consistency.The local power balance,especially near the wall,is improved when conductive heat is taken into account.

Atlas of dynamic spectra of fast radio burst FRB 20201124A

Fast radio bursts(FRBs) are highly dispersed millisecond-duration radio bursts,[1,2]of which the physical origin is still not fully understood. FRB 20201124A is one of the most actively repeating FRBs. In this paper, we present the collection of 1863 burst dynamic spectra of FRB 20201124A measured with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST). The current collection, taken from the observation during the FRB active phase from April to June 2021, is the largest burst sample detected for any FRB so far. The standard PSRFITs format is adopted, including dynamic spectra of the burst, and the time information of the dynamic spectra, in addition, mask files help readers to identify the pulse positions are also provided. The dataset is available in Science Data Bank, with the link https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00076.