The Emergence of New Business and Operating Models under the Industrial Digital Paradigm.Industrial Internet of Things,Platforms,and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning

This paper pretends to approach and analyse opportunities and risks that arise under the industrial digital paradigm.Known by different names like Industry 4.0,Smart Manufacturing,or Production 4.0,among other terms digitalization in industry is advancing at a tremendous speed,and is pushing established firms to change and adopt new tools.Besides,it opens opportunities to technological startups to deliver new products and services to the industrial market.As an example of opportunities in operating models,it is clear that digitalization under the model Industry 4.0 and the advantages of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT),allows faster response to customer demands,increases flexibility allowing the adaptability to manufacturing processes,and provides a tremendous amount of tools for quality improvement in the processes,among other advantages.This article addresses the data driven organization as digitalization evolves and the progress of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)solutions for industry.

Security Threats to Business Information Systems Using NFC Read/Write Mode

Radio Frequency IDentification(RFID)and related technologies such as Near Field Communication(NFC)are becoming essential in industrial contexts thanks to their ability to perform contactless data exchange,either device-to-device or tag-to-device.One of the three main operation modes of NFC,called read/write mode,makes use of the latter type of interaction.It is extensively used in business information systems that make use of NFC tags to provide the end-user with augmented information in one of several available NFC data exchange formats,such as plain text,simple URLs or enriched URLs.Using a wide variety of physical form factors,NFC-compatible tags(wireless transponders)are currently available in many locations with applications going from smart posters,contactless tokens,tap-and-go payments or transport ticketing to automated device configuration,patient identification at hospitals or inventory management within supply chains.Most of these applications handle sensitive processes or data.This paper proposes a complete security threat model for the read/write operation mode of NFC used in Next Generation Industrial IoT(Nx-IIoT)contexts.This model,based on a wellknown methodology,STRIDE,allows developers and users to identify NFC applications vulnerabilities or weaknesses,analyze potential threats,propose risk management strategies,and design mitigation mechanisms to mention only some significant examples.