A diverse sessile barnacle fauna from a Miocene shallow-water deposit at Dolnja Stara vas in Slovenia is described.It includes the first descriptions of early post settlement juveniles of Actinobalanus sloveniensis at...A diverse sessile barnacle fauna from a Miocene shallow-water deposit at Dolnja Stara vas in Slovenia is described.It includes the first descriptions of early post settlement juveniles of Actinobalanus sloveniensis attached to mangrove leaves.These represent three distinct growth phases,the earliest being interpreted as being less than 24 h post settlement,the others being 1 to 2 days post settlement.An assessment of their taphonomy is provided.Associated adult balanomorphs are attached to a variety of organic substrates,including mangrove leaves and branches,fragments of the conifers?Taxodioxylon,Carapoxylon,pine cones,molluscs,and cetacean bones.The barnacles include A.sloveniensis,Amphibalanus venustus,and Perforatus perforatus—many with opercula retained within the shells.A.venustus retains some of the original shell color.This is the second record of barnacle–plant associations from the Central Paratethys from Kamnik and Trbovlje.The paleoecology and paleogeography of the site are discussed.展开更多
Uniformitarianism permits understanding of the past on the basis of the present,and modeling the future through consideration of the fossil record.The present paper addresses the impact environmental(climatic)change h...Uniformitarianism permits understanding of the past on the basis of the present,and modeling the future through consideration of the fossil record.The present paper addresses the impact environmental(climatic)change has had on acorn barnacles and eucalyptus trees.Acorn barnacles(Balanomorpha)are first recorded after the K/T massextinction event.In the Paleogene,rapid radiation resulted in their occupying most marine environments.That balanomorphs survived both the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum and the Pleistocene glaciation is testament to their ability to adapt to opportunities;they are known from the littoral(Chamaesipho)to depths of 3600 m(Tetrachaelasma)and within this from diverse substrates:rock,wood and miscellaneous flotsam,plus in symbiosis or commensalism with most larger marine organisms.Darwin’s(1854)view of the late Tertiary as the age of barnacles is reflected in their diversity,distribution and biomass.Barnacles are contrasted with the Australian Myrtaceae:plants ranging from woody shrubs to tall trees.The most significant is Eucalyptus sensu lato,which typifies Australia’s flora,and is characterized by aromatic leaves that produce eucalyptol.Eucalyptus has evolved strategies that result in its domination of Australian open woodlands:these include production of highly flammable eucalyptol oil(with a flashpoint of 49℃)and an unprecedented ability to regenerate following forest fires.Gum trees and barnacles first appear in the Paleogene,their earliest records are Australasian,and they both demonstrate extraordinary resilience when environmental conditions are optimal.展开更多
At least zoologists know that barnacles are arthropods rather than mollusks.However,this knowledge is surprisingly new,for it was as recent as 1830 before J.Vaughan Thompson showed,through a careful study of barnacle ...At least zoologists know that barnacles are arthropods rather than mollusks.However,this knowledge is surprisingly new,for it was as recent as 1830 before J.Vaughan Thompson showed,through a careful study of barnacle larvae,that they were crustaceans.In the 1850s,Charles Darwin unraveled much of the taxonomy of barnacles,and,significantly,his observations and classification of them follow the structure that was to be published later as his evolutionary theory.Irrespective of these works,knowledge of the systematic placement of barnacles remains surprisingly poor in the wider population today,with most non-biologists viewing barnacles as shallow-water fouling organisms related to oysters and limpets.The present paper reviews the way humans have perceived barnacles for at least a millennium;it evaluates why they were thought to have grown from trees and to have been part of the life cycle of birds;it concludes by contemplating the manner in which we perceive our environment and by doing so try to make sense of our world.展开更多
Cirripede-like organisms have their origins in the Palaeozoic,but until the Cainozoic,were represented primarily by pedunculated forms,such as the Scalpelliformes.Acorn barnacles(Balanomorpha)are first recorded ...Cirripede-like organisms have their origins in the Palaeozoic,but until the Cainozoic,were represented primarily by pedunculated forms,such as the Scalpelliformes.Acorn barnacles(Balanomorpha)are first recorded after the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event.During the late Palaeogene,rapid radiation of cirripedes resulted in sufficient diversification for them to occupy most marine environments.That they survived both the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and the Pleistocene glaciation is testament to their ability to rapidly adapt to opportunities.The wide habitat distribution of balanomorphs in particular is unparalleled;they are known from the upper littoral(Chthamalus)to depths of 3600 m(Tetrachaelasma)and within this attached to rock,wood and miscellaneous flotsam,plus in symbiosis or commensalism with larger marine organisms.Darwin’s(1854)view of the Tertiary as the age of barnacles is reflected in this diversity,distribution and biomass.All cirripedes are,nonetheless,at risk,from rapid habitat change,competition,pollution and,especially in light of their sessile habit,from predation.This paper assesses the viability of a number of cirripedes and concludes that the Lepadiformes,Scalpelliformes and Balanomorpha are the most resilient,and will most quickly adapt to occupy new niches when opportunities arise.展开更多
Integrative Zoology recently entered its third year ofpublication and continues to develop its reputation as ahigh-quality, rapidly published journal that featuresintegrative research from a truly international platfo...Integrative Zoology recently entered its third year ofpublication and continues to develop its reputation as ahigh-quality, rapidly published journal that featuresintegrative research from a truly international platform.The field of scientific publishing is a competitive one,and carving out a new niche is no easy task. The EditorialBoard of Integrative Zoology should be proud of thegains made since the inaugural issue of March 2006. Thejournal continues to experience impressive growth in theareas of readership and usage. In 2007 subscriptions tothe journal grew by 50%, and full-text article downloadsof journal content increased by 153%. There are nowmore researchers than ever receiving table-of-contentsalerts, with the number of people subscribing to thisservice for Integrative Zoology growing by over 170%last year.展开更多
A rare and almost complete barnacle fossil,previously described on the basis of two isolated shell fragments,wasrecently exposed in a limestone block on the outer wall of Melbourne’s Old Magistrates’Courts in Victor...A rare and almost complete barnacle fossil,previously described on the basis of two isolated shell fragments,wasrecently exposed in a limestone block on the outer wall of Melbourne’s Old Magistrates’Courts in Victoria,Australia.These courts comprise one of the oldest and grandest buildings in Melbourne and because of this they have aheritage listing.As heritage-listed buildings are protected from alteration by law,and as removal of the fossil wouldbe deemed“alteration”,official permission had to be obtained to extract the specimen.This paper discusses theprocesses involved with extraction of a unique specimen from a protected building and provides an overview of thepalaeontological significance of the fossil.Consideration is given to the likely fate of a fossil of this nature,situateda little below eye level on a busy city street,if it was left in situ;finally,the implications of designating a holotypefrom material removed from a building are assessed.展开更多
The year 2009 marked the bicentenary of Charles Darwin’s birth,and for the last 12 months zoologists have been reminded of the enormous contribution that Darwin made to our understanding of the natural world.We have ...The year 2009 marked the bicentenary of Charles Darwin’s birth,and for the last 12 months zoologists have been reminded of the enormous contribution that Darwin made to our understanding of the natural world.We have celebrated his contribution in workshops and symposia,often in association with other professional bodies like the International Union of Biological Sciences(IUBS),but more importantly for this journal,we have celebrated Darwin’s work through publication of how his work has impacted upon present day science.Darwin would have been delighted with the understanding that has arisen through our discoveries in molecular biology.He would have been overjoyed with knowledge of the nature of DNA,but I suspect he would have been surprised,perhaps even alarmed at the impact that humans have had on the environment and the effect that this has had on the biosphere.We are well aware that environments change,and the geological record is testament to this,but it is the rapidity with which this change is occurring that is of concern.We have lost many taxa already,and sadly we will lose many more–perhaps even before they are described.展开更多
During routine chemical analyses of the stalked ibliform barnacle Chaetolepas calcitergum Buckeridge&Newman 2006,peaks of more than 7%(by dry mass)of bromine were detected.Although bromine ions occur in seawater(u...During routine chemical analyses of the stalked ibliform barnacle Chaetolepas calcitergum Buckeridge&Newman 2006,peaks of more than 7%(by dry mass)of bromine were detected.Although bromine ions occur in seawater(up to 66 ppm),this level of accumulation,in the soft tissue of the barnacle,is extraordinary.Organic concentration of bromine compounds occurs in a number of invertebrates,such as algae and sponges,but this is the first record of elevated bromine in goose barnacles.The high accumulation of bromine compound(s)is most likely a defense mechanism.The present paper includes a review of the mechanisms deployed by barnacles to repel predators.展开更多
Enigmatic calcareous conical fossils have been known from marine Paleocene-Eocene sequences of New Zea-land since the early 1870s.More recently,similar fossils have been recorded from both Late Cretaceous ma-rine sequ...Enigmatic calcareous conical fossils have been known from marine Paleocene-Eocene sequences of New Zea-land since the early 1870s.More recently,similar fossils have been recorded from both Late Cretaceous ma-rine sequences of Western Australia,New Caledonia and Antarctica,and possibly from the Eocene of South America.The present paper extends the record to the late Cretaceous of New Caledonia.These remains are un-like any living taxa,and have been variously interpreted as molluscs(rudistid bivalves),cirripedes(stalked bar-nacles),annelids and inorganic structures.Assignation to the Cirripedia has been refuted by Buckeridge(1983,1993),who proposed that the material would be better placed within the Cnidaria.We investigate this hypothe-sis in light of the New Caledonian material and by comparison with living gorgonians and pennatulaceans,and demonstrate that Waiparaconus is best placed within the Pennatulacea.Waiparaconus zelandicus varies in form somewhat,with 3 morphotypes defined and reinforced by geography.Comment is provided on the imperative to fit organic remains into known groups,with reflection on what may happen if taxa are left in insertae sedis.展开更多
Over the period 20-25 June,2010,I had the good fortune to attend the Seventh International Crustacean Congress in Qingdao,China.Discipline specific conferences are very special events-giving us the opportunity to both...Over the period 20-25 June,2010,I had the good fortune to attend the Seventh International Crustacean Congress in Qingdao,China.Discipline specific conferences are very special events-giving us the opportunity to both share knowledge and to learn from colleagues who are interested in the narrower field(s)in which we are specialists.However,with recent advances in molecular biology and microscopy,carcinology,which comprises crustacean biology,palaeontology,distribution and evolution,is now so diverse that sub-disciplines within it are becoming increasingly specialized.Indeed,this is so much so that except in meetings such as this congress,many of us lack real opportunities to discuss and debate other perspectives of our science.The meeting at Qingdao provided such a venue,and it was particularly enjoyable.展开更多
基金We are indebted to Lenka Váchováwho kindly prepared SEM pictures(Hitachi S-3700 N)we kindly thank Jan Sklenár for his free access to an Olympus microscope at NM,Prague+2 种基金T.K.was supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic(DKRVO 20222.III.c)M.K.V.was supported by the RVO 67985831 of the Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences,v.v.ithe Center for Geosphere Dynamics(UNCE/SCI/006).
文摘A diverse sessile barnacle fauna from a Miocene shallow-water deposit at Dolnja Stara vas in Slovenia is described.It includes the first descriptions of early post settlement juveniles of Actinobalanus sloveniensis attached to mangrove leaves.These represent three distinct growth phases,the earliest being interpreted as being less than 24 h post settlement,the others being 1 to 2 days post settlement.An assessment of their taphonomy is provided.Associated adult balanomorphs are attached to a variety of organic substrates,including mangrove leaves and branches,fragments of the conifers?Taxodioxylon,Carapoxylon,pine cones,molluscs,and cetacean bones.The barnacles include A.sloveniensis,Amphibalanus venustus,and Perforatus perforatus—many with opercula retained within the shells.A.venustus retains some of the original shell color.This is the second record of barnacle–plant associations from the Central Paratethys from Kamnik and Trbovlje.The paleoecology and paleogeography of the site are discussed.
基金the ISZS international research program Biological Consequences of Global Change(BCGC)sponsored by Bureau of International Cooperation,Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJHZ200810).
文摘Uniformitarianism permits understanding of the past on the basis of the present,and modeling the future through consideration of the fossil record.The present paper addresses the impact environmental(climatic)change has had on acorn barnacles and eucalyptus trees.Acorn barnacles(Balanomorpha)are first recorded after the K/T massextinction event.In the Paleogene,rapid radiation resulted in their occupying most marine environments.That balanomorphs survived both the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum and the Pleistocene glaciation is testament to their ability to adapt to opportunities;they are known from the littoral(Chamaesipho)to depths of 3600 m(Tetrachaelasma)and within this from diverse substrates:rock,wood and miscellaneous flotsam,plus in symbiosis or commensalism with most larger marine organisms.Darwin’s(1854)view of the late Tertiary as the age of barnacles is reflected in their diversity,distribution and biomass.Barnacles are contrasted with the Australian Myrtaceae:plants ranging from woody shrubs to tall trees.The most significant is Eucalyptus sensu lato,which typifies Australia’s flora,and is characterized by aromatic leaves that produce eucalyptol.Eucalyptus has evolved strategies that result in its domination of Australian open woodlands:these include production of highly flammable eucalyptol oil(with a flashpoint of 49℃)and an unprecedented ability to regenerate following forest fires.Gum trees and barnacles first appear in the Paleogene,their earliest records are Australasian,and they both demonstrate extraordinary resilience when environmental conditions are optimal.
基金I thank Professor William(Bill)A.Newman,Scripps Institute of Oceanography,California,my constant friend in the Cirripedia,who has mentored,debated and researched with me on barnacles for more than 3 decades.It was in the 1990s that Bill directed me to the extraordinary work of the English polymath Edward Heron-Allen,whose observations feature significantly in this paper.Professor Rob Watts and Father Jo Dirks,RMIT University,Melbourne,Associate Professor James McGrath,Butler University,Indianapolis provided helpful comments at an early stage of the manuscript and 3 anonymous referees provided further insight,Ms Urara“Fujitsubo”Kuratani,of Kobe,Japan kindly provided images of her wonderful barnacle art,demonstrating that cirripedophilia is alive and thriving in the 21st century.Ms Sandra Powlette,British Library,London is thanked for kindly arranging permission,without fee,to use the image in Fig.1(taken from the 13th century manuscript Bestiary).I also thank the Bureau of International Cooperation,Chinese Academy of Sciences that supported my attendance at the Seventh International Crustacean Congress in Qingdao,China,to give an oral presentation of this paper.
文摘At least zoologists know that barnacles are arthropods rather than mollusks.However,this knowledge is surprisingly new,for it was as recent as 1830 before J.Vaughan Thompson showed,through a careful study of barnacle larvae,that they were crustaceans.In the 1850s,Charles Darwin unraveled much of the taxonomy of barnacles,and,significantly,his observations and classification of them follow the structure that was to be published later as his evolutionary theory.Irrespective of these works,knowledge of the systematic placement of barnacles remains surprisingly poor in the wider population today,with most non-biologists viewing barnacles as shallow-water fouling organisms related to oysters and limpets.The present paper reviews the way humans have perceived barnacles for at least a millennium;it evaluates why they were thought to have grown from trees and to have been part of the life cycle of birds;it concludes by contemplating the manner in which we perceive our environment and by doing so try to make sense of our world.
文摘Cirripede-like organisms have their origins in the Palaeozoic,but until the Cainozoic,were represented primarily by pedunculated forms,such as the Scalpelliformes.Acorn barnacles(Balanomorpha)are first recorded after the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event.During the late Palaeogene,rapid radiation of cirripedes resulted in sufficient diversification for them to occupy most marine environments.That they survived both the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and the Pleistocene glaciation is testament to their ability to rapidly adapt to opportunities.The wide habitat distribution of balanomorphs in particular is unparalleled;they are known from the upper littoral(Chthamalus)to depths of 3600 m(Tetrachaelasma)and within this attached to rock,wood and miscellaneous flotsam,plus in symbiosis or commensalism with larger marine organisms.Darwin’s(1854)view of the Tertiary as the age of barnacles is reflected in this diversity,distribution and biomass.All cirripedes are,nonetheless,at risk,from rapid habitat change,competition,pollution and,especially in light of their sessile habit,from predation.This paper assesses the viability of a number of cirripedes and concludes that the Lepadiformes,Scalpelliformes and Balanomorpha are the most resilient,and will most quickly adapt to occupy new niches when opportunities arise.
文摘Integrative Zoology recently entered its third year ofpublication and continues to develop its reputation as ahigh-quality, rapidly published journal that featuresintegrative research from a truly international platform.The field of scientific publishing is a competitive one,and carving out a new niche is no easy task. The EditorialBoard of Integrative Zoology should be proud of thegains made since the inaugural issue of March 2006. Thejournal continues to experience impressive growth in theareas of readership and usage. In 2007 subscriptions tothe journal grew by 50%, and full-text article downloadsof journal content increased by 153%. There are nowmore researchers than ever receiving table-of-contentsalerts, with the number of people subscribing to thisservice for Integrative Zoology growing by over 170%last year.
基金I thank Dr Jessica Reeves,RMIT University,who helped with photography.Mr Ray Osborne,Heritage Victoria,and Mr Chris White,Acting Pro-Vice Chancellor(Group Governance),RMIT University,managed the legal paperwork,making extraction of the fossil both economically and mechanically feasible.This paper was presented orally at the Second International Symposium of Integrative Zoology at the Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China,on 10 December 2007.
文摘A rare and almost complete barnacle fossil,previously described on the basis of two isolated shell fragments,wasrecently exposed in a limestone block on the outer wall of Melbourne’s Old Magistrates’Courts in Victoria,Australia.These courts comprise one of the oldest and grandest buildings in Melbourne and because of this they have aheritage listing.As heritage-listed buildings are protected from alteration by law,and as removal of the fossil wouldbe deemed“alteration”,official permission had to be obtained to extract the specimen.This paper discusses theprocesses involved with extraction of a unique specimen from a protected building and provides an overview of thepalaeontological significance of the fossil.Consideration is given to the likely fate of a fossil of this nature,situateda little below eye level on a busy city street,if it was left in situ;finally,the implications of designating a holotypefrom material removed from a building are assessed.
文摘The year 2009 marked the bicentenary of Charles Darwin’s birth,and for the last 12 months zoologists have been reminded of the enormous contribution that Darwin made to our understanding of the natural world.We have celebrated his contribution in workshops and symposia,often in association with other professional bodies like the International Union of Biological Sciences(IUBS),but more importantly for this journal,we have celebrated Darwin’s work through publication of how his work has impacted upon present day science.Darwin would have been delighted with the understanding that has arisen through our discoveries in molecular biology.He would have been overjoyed with knowledge of the nature of DNA,but I suspect he would have been surprised,perhaps even alarmed at the impact that humans have had on the environment and the effect that this has had on the biosphere.We are well aware that environments change,and the geological record is testament to this,but it is the rapidity with which this change is occurring that is of concern.We have lost many taxa already,and sadly we will lose many more–perhaps even before they are described.
文摘During routine chemical analyses of the stalked ibliform barnacle Chaetolepas calcitergum Buckeridge&Newman 2006,peaks of more than 7%(by dry mass)of bromine were detected.Although bromine ions occur in seawater(up to 66 ppm),this level of accumulation,in the soft tissue of the barnacle,is extraordinary.Organic concentration of bromine compounds occurs in a number of invertebrates,such as algae and sponges,but this is the first record of elevated bromine in goose barnacles.The high accumulation of bromine compound(s)is most likely a defense mechanism.The present paper includes a review of the mechanisms deployed by barnacles to repel predators.
文摘Enigmatic calcareous conical fossils have been known from marine Paleocene-Eocene sequences of New Zea-land since the early 1870s.More recently,similar fossils have been recorded from both Late Cretaceous ma-rine sequences of Western Australia,New Caledonia and Antarctica,and possibly from the Eocene of South America.The present paper extends the record to the late Cretaceous of New Caledonia.These remains are un-like any living taxa,and have been variously interpreted as molluscs(rudistid bivalves),cirripedes(stalked bar-nacles),annelids and inorganic structures.Assignation to the Cirripedia has been refuted by Buckeridge(1983,1993),who proposed that the material would be better placed within the Cnidaria.We investigate this hypothe-sis in light of the New Caledonian material and by comparison with living gorgonians and pennatulaceans,and demonstrate that Waiparaconus is best placed within the Pennatulacea.Waiparaconus zelandicus varies in form somewhat,with 3 morphotypes defined and reinforced by geography.Comment is provided on the imperative to fit organic remains into known groups,with reflection on what may happen if taxa are left in insertae sedis.
文摘Over the period 20-25 June,2010,I had the good fortune to attend the Seventh International Crustacean Congress in Qingdao,China.Discipline specific conferences are very special events-giving us the opportunity to both share knowledge and to learn from colleagues who are interested in the narrower field(s)in which we are specialists.However,with recent advances in molecular biology and microscopy,carcinology,which comprises crustacean biology,palaeontology,distribution and evolution,is now so diverse that sub-disciplines within it are becoming increasingly specialized.Indeed,this is so much so that except in meetings such as this congress,many of us lack real opportunities to discuss and debate other perspectives of our science.The meeting at Qingdao provided such a venue,and it was particularly enjoyable.
