Applying resolved-scale linearly forced isotropic turbulence in rational subgrid-scale modeling

In previous attempts of rational subgrid-scale (SGS) modeling by employing the Kolmogorov equation of filtered (KEF) quantities, it was necessary to assume that the resolved-scale second-order structure function is stationary. Forced isotropic turbulence is often used as a framework for establishing and validating such SGS models based on stationary restrictions, for it generates statistical stationary samples. However, traditional forcing method at low wavenumbers cannot provide an analytic form of forcing term for a complete KEF in physical space, which has been illustrated to be essential in the modeling of such SGS models. Thus, an alternative forcing method giving an analytic forcing term in physical space is needed for rational SGS modeling. Giving an analytic linear driving term in physical space, linearly forced isotropic turbulence should be considered an ideal theoretical framework for rational SGS modeling. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a rational SGS model with stationary restriction based on linearly forced isotropic turbulence. The performance of this rational SGS model is validated. We, therefore, propose the use of linearly forced isotropic turbulence as a complement to free-decaying isotropic turbulence and low-wavenumber forced isotropic turbulence for SGS model validations.

A Closure for Isotropic Turbulence Based on Extended Scale Similarity Theory in Physical Space

The closure of a turbulence field is a longstanding fundamental problem, while most closure models are introduced in spectral space. Inspired by Chou＇s quasi-normal closure method in spectral space, we propose an analytical closure model for isotropic turbulence based on the extended scale similarity theory of the velocity structure function in physical space. The assumptions and certain approximations are justified with direct numerical simulation. The asymptotic scaling properties are reproduced by this new closure method, in comparison to the classical Batchelor model.

Kinematics-based four-state trajectory tracking control of a spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum

Spherical mobile robot has compact structure, remarkable stability, and flexible motion,which make it have many advantages over traditional mobile robots when applied in those unmanned environments, such as outer planets. However, spherical mobile robot is a special highly under-actuated nonholonomic system, which cannot be transformed to the classic chained form. At present, there has not been a kinematics-based trajectory tracking controller which could track both the position states and the attitude states of a spherical mobile robot. In this paper, the four-state(two position states and two attitude states) trajectory tracking control of a type of spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum was studied. A controller based on the shunting model of neurodynamics and the kinematic model was deduced, and its stability was demonstrated with Lyapunov’s direct method. The control priorities of the four states were allocated according to the magnification of each state tracking error in order to firstly ensure the correct tracking of the position states. The outputs(motor speeds) of the controller were regulated according to the maximum speeds and the maximum accelerations of the actuation motors in order to solve the speed jump problem caused by initial state errors, and continuous and bounded outputs were obtained. The effectiveness including the anti-interference ability of the proposed trajectory tracking controller was verified through MATLAB simulations.

Mathematical Constraints in Multiscale Subgrid-Scale Modeling of Nonlinear Systems

To shed light on the subgrid-seale （SGS） modeling methodology of nonlinear systems such as the Navier-Stokes turbulence, we define the concepts of assumption and restriction in the modeling procedure, which are shown by generalized derivation of three general mathematical constraints for different combinations of restrictions. These constraints are verified numerically in a one-dimensional nonlinear advection equation. This study is expected to inspire future research on the SGS modeling methodology of nonlinear systems.

Rational subgrid-scale modelling: a short survey

We review the previous attempts of rational subgrid-scale （SGS） modelling by employing theKolmogorov equation of filtered quantities. Aiming at explaining and solving the underlyingproblems in these models, we also introduce the recent methodological investigations for therational SGS modelling technique by defining the terms of assumption and restriction. Thesemethodological works are expected to provide instructive criterions for not only the rational SGSmodelling, but also other types of SGS modelling practices.

The role of velocity derivative skewness in understanding non-equilibrium turbulence

The turbulence governed by the Navier-Stokes equation is paramount in many physical processes.However,it has been considered as a challenging problem due to its inherent nonlinearity,non-equilibrium,and complexity.Herein,we review the connections between the velocity derivative skewness Sk and the non-equilibrium properties of turbulence.Sk,a reasonable candidate for describing the non-equilibrium turbulence,which varies during the non-equilibrium procedure.A lot of experimental or numerical evidences have shown that the perturbation of energy spectrum,which associated with the excitation of large scales,results in an obvious variation of Sk,and Sk is a negative value in this rapid energy decay process.The variation of positive Sk is closely related to the perturbation of transfer spectrum,and this corresponds to the backward energy transfer process.In addition,the skewness characterizes the production(or reduction)rate of enstrophy due to vortex stretching(or compression).Using the transport equation of turbulent energy dissipation rate and enstrophy,it is possible to establish a theoretical connection between skewness and the non-equilibrium turbulence.It is expected that this work could trigger the rapid advancement of the future studies of non-equilibrium turbulence,and also the improvement of turbulence models.

A type of collective detection scheme with improved pigeon-inspired optimization

Purpose-With increasing demand of localization service in challenging environments where Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)signalsare considerably weak,a powerful approach,the collective detection(CD),has been developed.However,traditional CD techniques are computationally intense due to the large clock bias search space.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to develop a new scheme of CD with less computational burden,in order to accelerate the detection and location process.Design/methodology/approach-This paper proposes a new scheme of CD.It reformulates the problem ofGNSS signal detection as an optimization problem,and solves it with the aid of an improved Pigeon-Inspired Optimization(PIO).With the improved PIO algorithm adopted,the positioning algorithm arrives to evaluate only a part of the points in the search space,avoiding the problems of grid-search method which is universally adopted.Findings-Faced with the complex optimization problem,the improved PIO algorithm proves to have good performance.In the acquisition of simulated and real signals,the proposed scheme of CD with the improved PIO algorithm also have better efficiency,precision and stability than traditional CD algorithm.Besides,the improved PIO algorithm also proves to be a better candidate to be integrated into the proposed scheme than particle swarm optimization,differential evolution and PIO.Originality/value-The novelty associated with this paper is the proposition of the new scheme of CD and the improvement of PIO algorithm.Thus,this paper introduces another possibility to ameliorate the traditional CD.