The Transformation and Reform of Urbanization in China

Transformation and reform are two major themes of China's urbanization at the present stage.This paper argues that population urbanization,which lags behind land urbanization,is ignored in the process of traditional urbanization.The most important transformation of urbanization is citizenship process for rural migrants who have been semiurbanized.In order to promote urban transformation,a coordinated improving reform must consider the following basic issues:population,financing,land and urban system.

Opinion consensus incorporating higher-order interactions in individual-collective networks

In the current information society, the dissemination mechanisms and evolution laws of individual or collective opinions and their behaviors are the research hot topics in the field of opinion dynamics. First, in this paper, a two-layer network consisting of an individual-opinion layer and a collective-opinion layer is constructed, and a dissemination model of opinions incorporating higher-order interactions(i.e. OIHOI dissemination model) is proposed. Furthermore, the dynamic equations of opinion dissemination for both individuals and groups are presented. Using Lyapunov's first method,two equilibrium points, including the negative consensus point and positive consensus point, and the dynamic equations obtained for opinion dissemination, are analyzed theoretically. In addition, for individual opinions and collective opinions,some conditions for reaching negative consensus and positive consensus as well as the theoretical expression for the dissemination threshold are put forward. Numerical simulations are carried to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results, as well as the influence of the intra-structure, inter-connections, and higher-order interactions on the dissemination and evolution of individual opinions. The main results are as follows.(i) When the intra-structure of the collective-opinion layer meets certain characteristics, then a negative or positive consensus is easier to reach for individuals.(ii) Both negative consensus and positive consensus perform best in mixed type of inter-connections in the two-layer network.(iii) Higher-order interactions can quickly eliminate differences in individual opinions, thereby enabling individuals to reach consensus faster.

An International Comparative Analysis on China's Economic Growth and the Convergence in Energy Intensity Gap and Its Economic Mechanism

In this paper,the authors have empirically analyzed the convergence in per capita GDP gap and the convergence in the variation of energy intensity with respect to the change of per capita GDP between China and eight developed countries.Then,the authors run a regression on the impact of decisive factors of economic growth on energy intensity and its change,so as to find out the economic mechanism of energy intensity gap changing with respect to the variation of economic growth.This study concludes that:First,there is a convergence in per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries.With the convergence in per capita GDP gap,the energy intensity gap between China and eight different countries also converge,and the convergence rate of the latter is faster than that of the former,i.e.if the per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries decreases by 1%,the energy intensity gap between them will correspondingly decrease by 1.552%.Second,the energy intensity decreases with the improvement of industrial structure,the rising of energy prices,the advances of technology,and the expansion of investment in fixed assets,and it slightly increases with the increase of FDI.Third,the energy intensity gap between China and eight developed countries narrows with the lessening of the difference in fixed assets investment,energy prices,and technological progress between China and eight developed countries,yet increases with the narrowing of the difference in FDI,and has no significant correlation with the difference in industrial structure.Fourth,the narrowing of difference in per capita GDP between China and the eight developed countries can result in the lessening of energy intensity gap,whose economic mechanism is that the decisive factors,such as difference in investment,technology,and the competition mechanism of prices,which can determine the difference in economic growth,can significantly affect the energy intensity gap.

PREFERENCE AND EVOLUTION IN THE ITERATED PRISONER'S DILEMMA

Game theory is extensively used to study strategy-making and actions of play- ers. The authors proposed an analysis method for study the evolutionary outcome and behaviors of players with preference in iterated prisoner＇s dilemma. In this article, a preference parameter k was introduced in the payoff matrix, wherein the value of k denotes the player＇s degree of egoism and altruism （preference）. Then, a game-theoretic dynamical model was formulated using Birth-and-Death process. The authors studied how preference influences the evolutionary equilibrium and behaviors of players. The authors get the general results： egoism leads to defection, and altruism can make players build trust and maintain cooperation, and so, the hope of the Pareto optimal solution. In the end, the simulation experiments proved the efficiency of the method.

The Convergence Analysis on the Economic Growth and Energy Intensity Gap between Regional Sectors

In this paper,the authors have analyzed the relationship between energy intensity gap and GDP per worker gap of China's western and eastern provinces over the period 1997-2006.Using panel data model with lag adjustment,taking the above provinces and six industrial sectors (agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries,industry,construction industry,transport,storage and post & telecommunications,wholesale and retail trades & catering industry,and other sectors of tertiary industry.) as the investigated subjects,the authors have conducted empirical study on the convergence of GDP per worker gap and the convergence of energy intensity gap with respect to the variation of GDP per worker gap,and have concluded that:First,the GDP per worker gap of the six industrial sectors and provinces are convergent,and of this,the convergence rate of GDP per worker gap of Construction Industry is the fastest,while that of Industry is the slowest.Second,the overall energy intensity gap between eastern and western provinces is convergent,that is,with the narrowing of GDP per worker gap between eastern and western provinces,the energy intensity gap converges,but its convergence rate is slower than that of GDP per worker gap.Third,energy intensity gap between various industrial sectors of the east and the west is either convergent or divergent,and there are differences.The energy intensity gap of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries,industry,and construction industry is convergent,while that of the other three industrial sectors is divergent.Fourth,the convergence of the overall energy intensity of the western provinces is not in conformity with the convergence of the various industrial sectors,and there are significant differences,indicating that the western provinces and autonomous regions should take measures to more effectively improve their overall energy utilization efficiency at the industrial sector level.

Estimates of three classical summations on the spaces F_p^(α,q)(R^n)(0 < p ≤ 1)

We obtain the boundedness on Fp^α,q（R^n）for the Poisson summation and Gauss summation. Their maximal operators are proved to be bounded from Fp^α,q（R^n）to L∞（R^n）For the maximal operator of the Bochner-Riesz summation, we prove that it is bounded from Fp^α,q（R^n）to L n-pα/pn,（0〈p≤ 1）∞（R^n）.

Study on Factors Influencing Urban-rural Dual Economic Structure of Chongqing Based on the State Space Variable Parameter Method

Firstly,this paper reviews and analyzes historic background of urban-rural integration of Chongqing,and the evolution and trend of urban and rural dual economic structure.On the basis of previous researches,it selects factors and variables influencing urban and rural dual economic structure,and establishes an econometric model.By state space Kalman filtering method,it analyzes dynamic influence of factors upon urban-rural dual economic intensity.According to empirical conclusion,it puts forward corresponding policy recommendations for promoting integrated urban and rural economic development of Chongqing.

Evolutionary Game Dynamics in a Fitness-Dependent Wright-Fisher Process with Noise

Evolutionary game dynamics in finite size populations can be described by a fitness-dependent WrightFisherprocess.We consider symmetric 2x2 games in a well-mixed population.In our model,two parameters todescribe the level of player’s rationality and noise intensity in environment are introduced.In contrast with the fixationprobability method that used in a noiseless case,the introducing of the noise intensity parameter makes the processan ergodic Markov process and based on the limit distribution of the process,we can analysis the evolutionary stablestrategy (ESS) of the games.We illustrate the effects of the two parameters on the ESS of games using the Prisoner’sdilemma games (PDG) and the snowdrift games (SG).We also compare the ESS of our model with that of the replicatordynamics in infinite size populations.The results are determined by simulation experiments.

Urbanization Transition in China:From a Factor-driven to an Innovation--driven Approach

Cheap land and cheap labor have made the most important contribution to the rapid development of China's urbanization during the past 30 years.However,this pattern of urbanization, which is factor-driven, dependent on land bonus and demographic dividend, is unsustainable.Excessive dependence on cheap land not only leads to inefficient allocation of urban resources, but also has negative impacts on the process of urbanization.Heavy reliance on demographic dividend would no longer be sustainable in the context of changing population structure.There is a need for urbanization reorientation, from a factor--driven to an innovation--driven approach.Innovation--driven urbanization requires industrial upgrading in urban areas so that new industrialization and new urbanization could be in synchronous progress.Smart city construction would facilitate integration of urbanization,industrialization and informatization.

Financial Shocks,Deleveraging and Macroeconomic Fluctuations in China

To deleverage is one of the major tasks for the supply-side structural reform in China,and to steadily deleverage in order is the key to fending offand defusing financial risks.This paper uses the economic statistics of China around 2016 to depict the“expansion-contraction”fluctuations with Chinese macroeconomy during the deleveraging.In this realistic context,it constructs a financial business cycle model based on the financial accelerator theory and attempts to use default cost changes to introduce financial shocks and understand China’s macroeconomic fluctuations in the deleveraging context in the perspective of unanticipated and anticipated shocks.Results of the numerical model simulation show that before and after the deleveraging,the fluctuations of credit,leverage ratio,credit spread and other major macroeconomic variables originate not only from the changes with unanticipated default cost.Anticipated changes with default cost can similarly explain the“expansion-contraction”macroeconomic fluctuations in recent years and offer a new perspective into the fluctuations during deleveraging.Accordingly,government,when practicing deleveraging policies,is advised to take into full consideration not only the actual changes with default cost,but also anticipated factors of financial institutions.

A Nonconvex Nonorientable Crossing Number Sequence

It is well known that finding the crossing number of a graph on nonplanar surfaces is very difficult.In this paper we study the crossing number of the circular graph C（10,4） on the projective plane and determine the nonorientable crossing number sequence of C（10,4）.On the basis of the result,we show that the nonorientable crossing number sequence of C（10,4） is not convex.