Dynamic changes in physicochemical property,biogenic amines content and microbial diversity during the fermentation of Sanchuan ham

Sanchuan ham is appreciated in Yunnan Province,China,for its characteristic flavor and taste,while the microbial community structure and biogenic amines content remain unclear during fermentation processes.In this study,we explored the physicochemical property,biogenic amines concentration and microbial diversity of external and internal Sanchuan ham by high-throughput sequencing during the processing of Sanchuan ham.Results showed that the nitrite remained at a stable level of 0.15 mg/kg which was significantly lower than the national health standard safety level of 20 mg/kg.In addition,compared with fresh hams,the content of total free amino acids in ripe Sanchuan ham has grown 14 folds;sour and bitter were the main tastes of Sanchuan ham.Notably,the concentration of cadaverine was the highest of all biogenic amines during the entire fermentation period.At the bacterial phyla level,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the two main phyla,while at the genus level,Staphylococcus was a significant strain throughout the whole fermentation.Moreover,the dry stage has a great impact on the succession change of microbial community structure.Simultaneously,the change trends and composition of bacteria in the interior have slight discrepancies with those of the exterior of Sanchuan ham.

Research on Multi-Blockchain Electronic Archives Sharing Model

The purpose of introducing blockchain into electronic archives sharing and utilization is to break the information barrier between electronic archives sharing departments by relying on technologies such as smart contract and asymmetric encryption.Aiming at the problem of dynamic permission management in common access control methods,a new access control method based on smart contract under blockchain is proposed,which improves the intelligence level under blockchain technology.Firstly,the Internet attribute access control model based on smart contract is established.For the dynamic access of heterogeneous devices,the management contract,permission judgment contract and access control contract are designed;Secondly,the access object credit evaluation algorithm based on particle swarm optimization radial basis function(PSO-RBF)neural network is used to dynamically generate the access node credit threshold combined with the access policy,so as to realize the intelligent access right management method.Finally,combined with the abovemodels and algorithms,the workflow of electronic archives sharing and utilization model of multi blockchain is constructed.The experimental results show that the timeconsuming of the process increases linearly with the number of continuous access to electronic archives blocks,and the secure access control of sharing and utilization is feasible,secure and effective.

由“新名词”到“新概念”——民国历史教科书中“中华民族”一词的概念史解读

晚清至民国是中国社会从传统向现代转型的时期,也是民族危机严重的时期。这一时期,出现了大量的新名词和新概念。在以民国中小学历史教科书为文本的研究中,对"中华民族"一词的概念史解读,不仅丰富和深化了对中国近代史尤其是中国近代民族主义的认识,也拓宽了以基本概念为重点的教科书研究视野。

开放、联通：互联网思维与开放大学创新发展--访北京师范大学副校长陈丽教授

随着"互联网+"时代的到来,在构建终身教育体系、建设学习型社会的国家战略布局中,开放大学建设进入了重要的升级发展期。这既是机遇,更是挑战。唯有敢于尝试,勇于创新,才能将开放大学建设成为一所真正的、服务于全民终身学习的新型高等学校。本期高端访谈栏目特邀北京师范大学副校长、博士生导师陈丽教授,就"开放大学的创新发展"问题谈一谈她的思考和想法。陈丽教授自1991年开始从事远程教育领域教学与研究工作,是北京师范大学远程教育专业的创始人和学科带头人,主要研究领域包括远程学习的教学交互理论、终身教育与学习型社会等。本期封二专版介绍了陈丽教授的学术成就和最新研究成果。她认为,开放大学的建设应该在办学体制、服务模式和教学方式等方面进行改革创新,探索"互联网+教育"的新业态。以开放联通的互联网思维创新发展开放大学的办学模式和服务模式尤为重要。

Journal3.1订阅录入模块的编程方法研究

通过对Journal 3.1订阅录入模块创建和程序行的分析研究,揭示数据库系统输入数据界面的程序设计思路及编程技巧.

独特的学术视野 科学的研究方法——简评《煤殇———煤矿安全的社会学研究》兼论安全社会学的构建与发展

对颜烨教授的新作《煤殇——煤矿安全的社会学研究》中的理论视野和研究方法进行了分析,回顾了安全社会学创立和发展的过程,并对安全社会学的未来发展提出了建议。

Epidemiology and gene markers of ulcerative colitis in the Chinese

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)includes two similar yet distinct conditions called ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn's disease(CD).These diseases affect the digestive system and cause the inflammation of intestinal tissue,form sores and bleed easily.Most children with IBD are diagnosed in late childhood and adolescence.However,both UC and CD have been reported as early as in infancy.Most information pertaining to the epidemiology of IBD is based upon adult studies.Symptoms include abdominal pain,cramping,fatigue and diarrhea.Genetic factors play a significant role in determining IBD susceptibility.Epidemiological data support a genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of IBD.Recently,numerous new genes have been identified as being involved in the genetic susceptibility to IBD:TNF-308A,CARD15(NOD2),MIF-173,N-acetyltransferase 2(NAT2),NKG2D(natural killer cell 2D),STAT6(signal transducer and activator of transcription 6),CTLA-4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4),MICA-MICB(major histocompatibility complex A and B),HLA-DRB1,HLA class-,IL-18,IL-4,MICA-A5,CD14,TLR4,Fas-670,p53 and NF-κB.The characterization of these novel genes has the potential to identify therapeutic agents and aid clinical assessment of phenotype and prognosis in patients with IBD(UC and CD).

Poly (Acrylamide-co-Acrylic Acid) Hydrogel Induced by Glow-Discharge Electrolysis Plasma and Its Adsorption Properties for Cationic Dyes

In this paper, poly （acrylamide-co-acrylic acid） （P（AM-co-AA）） hydrogel was pre- pared in an aqueous solution by using glow-discharge electrolysis plasma （GDEP） induced copoly- merization of acrylamide （AM） and acrylic acid （AA）, in which N,N＇-methylenebisacrylamide （MBA） was used as a crosslinker. A mechanism for the synthesis of P（AM-co-AA） hydrogel was proposed. To optimize the synthesis condition, the following parameters were examined in detail： the discharge voltage, discharge time, the content of the crosslinker, and the mass ratio of AM to AA. The results showed that the optimum pH range for cationic dyes removal was found to be 5.0-10.0. The P（AM-co-AA） hydrogel exhibits a very high adsorption potential and the ex- perimental adsorption capacities for Crystal violet （CV） and Methylene blue （MB） were 2974.3 mg/g and 2303.6 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of P（AM-co-AA） hydrogel for cationic dyes was also discussed.

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium for methyldichlorosilane- dimethyldichlorosilane-benzene system

The elucidation of vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the halogenated silane was necessary for the production of silicon derivatives, especially for methylvinyldichlorosilane, due to the lack of the relevant reports. Isobaric VLE for the system methyldichlorosilane-dimethyldichlorosilane-benzene and isobaric VLE of the three binary systems were measured with a new pump-ebulliometer at the pressure of 101.325 kPa. These binary compositions of the equilibrium vapor were calculated according to the Q function of molar excess Gibbs energy by the indirect method and the resulted VLE data agreed well with the thermo-dynamic consistency. Moreover, the experimental data were correlated with the Wilson, NRTL, Margules and van Laar equations by means of the least-squares fit, the acquired optimal interaction parameters were fitted to experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium data for binary systems. The binary parameters of Wilson equation were also used to calculate the bubble point temperature and the vapor phase composition for the ternary mixtures without any additional adjustment. The predicted vapor-liquid equilibrium for the ternary system was in a good agreement with the experimental results. The VLE of binary and multilateral systems provided essential theory for the production of the halogenated silane.

Giant liposarcoma of the esophagus: A case report

Liposarcomas rarely develop in the aerodigestive tract.Here,we present a primary esophageal liposarcoma that was discovered between the T3 and T7 levels of the esophagus during right pleural exploration of a 51-year-old male patient.The patient had presented with non-specific symptoms,including progressive dysphagia over the previous 6 mo,without complaints of chest or epigastric pain,regurgitation,or weight loss.A radical three-hole esophagectomy was performed.The tumor was extremely large(14 cm × 7.0 cm × 6.5 cm),but completely encapsulated.Upon histological examination,the tumor was diagnosed as a giant,well-differentiated esophageal liposarcoma with a dedifferentiated component.Non-specific radiological and endoscopic results during the clinical work-up delayed diagnosis until post-operative histology was performed.In this report,the clinical,radiological and endoscopic diagnostic challenges specific to the case are discussed,as well as the surgical and pathological findings.

Operating Experience of Country’s Agricultural Science and Technological Park

Through the analysis of the operation of China’s agricultural science technological and development process, the paper summed up the basic experience of agricultural science technological park and operation mode, in order to run at all levels of agricultural science technological park of science and regional some beneficial references for the development of agricultural economy.

A genre analysis of medical abstracts by Chinese and English native speakers

This study presents statistical results of a comparison between English abstracts in a leading international medical journal and those in a Chinese one. With a genre analysis and discussion of linguistic features of these abstracts, the paper points out the weak points in the abstracts by Chinese writers and provides some suggestions for writing abstracts of medical research articles.

Chinese version of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology officially authorized by NCCN

The publishing conference of the Chinese version of National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines） and the inaugural peer reviewer meeting of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology： Digestive System Cancers （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines on Digestive System Cancers） were held in People＇s Medical Publishing House in January 28^th, 2016 （Figure 1）.

Glow Discharge Induced Hydroxyl Radical Degradation of 2-Naphthylamine

In an aqueous solution, normal electrolysis at high voltages switches over spontaneously to glow discharge electrolysis and gives rise to hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and aqueous electron, as well as several other active species. Hydroxyl radical directly attacks organic contaminants to make them oxidized. In the present paper, 2-naphthylamine is eventually degraded into hydrogen carbonate and carbon dioxide. The degradation process is analyzed by using an Ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). It is demonstrated that 2-naphthylamine (co =30 mg·1-1) is completely converted within 2h at 30℃ and 600 V by glow discharge electrolysis, and the degradation is strongly dependent upon the presence of ferrous ions. COD is ascended in the absence of ferrous ions and descended in the presence of them.

Aberrant DNA Methylation in Human Cancers

DNA methylation, one of the best-characterized epigenetic modifications, plays essential roles in diseases, including human cancers. In recent years, our understanding on DNA methylation with human cancers has made significant progress, which was facilitated by stunning development in the analysis of the human methylome of multiple cancer types. In this review, recent developments in the characterization of aberrant DNA methylation involved in human cancers development were discussed with special emphasis on the mechanisms of aberrant DNA methylation in human cancers. We also summarize the recent treatment strategy for human cancers with de-methylation drugs.

The ecological cost of land reclamation and its enlightenment to coast sustainable development in the northwestern Bohai Bay,China

Land has been widely reclaimed in large area in coastal zones all over the world to relieve the pressure of land shortage,promoting social development and economic growth.Asia has become a focus of land reclamation with the rapid industrialization and urbanization.From the Binhai New Area of Tianjin to the Caofeidian New Area of Tangshan,the undergoing project of land reclamation on the northwest coast of Bohai Bay,China,is the largest in the world.To clarify the environmental issues and benefit sustainable development of the coastal zone,we conducted both retrospective and predictive assessments of the ecological cost caused by land reclamation on the northwest coast of Bohai Bay,China.We calculated the ecological costs of ten aspects of the four ecosystem services,i.e.,supply,regulation,support and culture,with the monetary estimate approach.The results indicate that the ecological cost of the new land reclamation is US$971.9 million from 2000 to 2010 and that the cost will be US$702.1 million from 2010 to 2020.The costs of gas regulation and marine food supply account for the greatest parts of the total value.Suggestions for land reclamation oriented to sustainable development in the study area are put forward,including a rational planning based on the comprehensive evaluation,reducing the amount of land reclamation area,optimizing the structure of the reclaimed land,reclaiming land with the concept of ＂low impact development＂ and implementing ecological compensation mechanisms,etc.

Role of glycolysis in retinal vascular endothelium, glia, pigment epithelium, and photoreceptor cells and as therapeutic targets for related retinal diseases

Glycolysis produces large amounts of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)in a short time.The retinal vascular endothelium feeds itself primarily through aerobic glycolysis with less ATP.But when it generates new vessels,aerobic glycolysis provides rapid and abundant ATP support for angiogenesis,and thus inhibition of glycolysis in endothelial cells can be a target for the treatment of neovascularization.Aerobic glycolysis has a protective effect on Müller cells,and it can provide with a target for visual protection and maintenance of the blood-retinal barrier.Under physiological conditions,the mitochondria of RPE can use lactic acid produced by photoreceptor cells as an energy source to provide ATP for survival.In pathological conditions,because RPE cells avoid their oxidative damage by increasing glycolysis,a large number of glycolysis products accumulate,which in turn has a toxic effect on photoreceptor cells.This shows that stabilizing the function of RPE mitochondria may become a target for the treatment of diseases such as retinal degeneration.The decrease of aerobic glycolysis leads to the decline of photoreceptor cell function and impaired vision;therefore,aerobic glycolysis of stable photoreceptor cells provides a reliable target for delaying vision loss.It is of great significance to study the role of glycolysis in various retinal cells for the targeted treatment of ocular fundus diseases.

New Name for Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology[Medical Sciences]:Current Medical Science

Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology[Medical Sciences]is sponsored by Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,a prestigious medical school based in the central part of China.Starting in 1979,it is a peer-reviewed journal that focuses on medical sciences.In China,it is one of the five periodicals that are firstly included in Index Medicus（IM）and is now under the coverage of the Science Citation Index-Expanded（SCI-E）.

Impact of Management Practices on Water Extractable Organic Carbon and Nitrogen from 12-Year Poultry Litter Amended Soils

Water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) and nitrogen (WEON) are two key parameters of soil water extractable organic matter (WEOM). Proper management of manure application rate in combination with tillage and cropping management could maintain appropriate WEOC and WEON concentrations in soils while decreasing the risk of their runoff from cropland and pastures. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of poultry litter (PL) application on WEOC and WEON in soils under different crops, tillage regimes, and grazing strategies. From 2001 to 2012, PL was applied at multiple rates to cultivated fields in a corn-oat/wheat-hay rotation or to pastures grazed by cattle or ungrazed. Soil samples (0 - 15 cm) were analyzed for KCl-extractable mineral N, and WEOC, and WEON contents. In addition, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to characterize WEOC stability. Organic N levels were higher at the high PL application rates. The soil C:N ratio narrowed as the PL application rate increased. However, the soil from pastures which received PL tended to have a wider range of C:N ratios than soil from the cultivated fields, despite identical PL application rates. The spectral analyses indicated that WEOC properties were responsive to management and PL application rate;therefore, this parameter may be used as a guide to provide best management strategy for manure application.