BACKGROUND We described a case of a patient with a meningioma in the posterior fossa presenting atypically with an isolated unilateral vocal cord palsy causing severe respiratory distress.This is of interest as the pa...BACKGROUND We described a case of a patient with a meningioma in the posterior fossa presenting atypically with an isolated unilateral vocal cord palsy causing severe respiratory distress.This is of interest as the patient had no other symptomatology,especially given the size of the mass,which would typically cause a pressure effect leading to neurological and auditory symptoms.CASE SUMMARY This case report described a 48-year-old male who was married with two children and employed as a car guard.He had a medical history of asthma for the past 10 years controlled with an as-needed beta 2 agonist metered dose inhaler.He initially presented to our facility with severe respiratory distress.He reported a 1-wk history of shortness of breath and wheezing that was not relieved by his bronchodilator.He had no constitutional symptoms or impairment of hearing.On clinical examination,the patient’s chest was“silent.”Our initial assessment was status asthmaticus with type 2 respiratory failure,based on the history of asthma,a“silent chest,”and the arterial blood gas results.CONCLUSION A posterior fossa meningioma of such a large size and with extensive infiltration rarely presents with an isolated unilateral vocal cord palsy.The patient’s chief presenting feature was severe respiratory distress,which combined with his background medical history of asthma,was misleading.Clinicians should thus consider meningioma as a differential diagnosis for a unilateral vocal cord palsy even without audiology involvement.展开更多
Objectives: Atlantoaxial dislocation remains a rare and serious condition with a high preoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Its successful surgical management is still challenging and gratifying for ...Objectives: Atlantoaxial dislocation remains a rare and serious condition with a high preoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Its successful surgical management is still challenging and gratifying for neurosurgeons. Several technics have been described such as wiring, trans articular screwing, C1C2 screwing with plate and screw introduced by Goel et al., and modified by insertion of polyaxially screw and rod many years later by Harms. Unavailability and expensiveness of upper cervical spine instrumentation device led us to C1C2 Wiring resulting in a good outcome. Finally, a quadriplegic patient with a more comfortable financial condition had ordered devices from abroad and benefit for Goel and Harms screwing technique and improved dramatically from ASIA A to ASIA E. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study of patients managed in our department by a same neurosurgeon from January 2019 to April 2024. Results: We defined 6 men and 1 woman with an average age of 33 years. Unrestrained driver in a rollover motor vehicle accident was most common. Only one patient was neurologically intact on admission. Neurovegetative disorders were noticed in one patient. Dislocation was associated to a fracture of the dens in two patients. Three patients have been successfully operated with remarkable outcome, mostly from ASIA A to E. Conclusion: C1C2 dislocation is a serious condition and C1C2 Wiring represents an effective and cheaper technic. Therefore, this technic should deserve consideration above all in low incomes countries when screwing devices are not available. Seatbelt should be demanded for motor vehicle drivers and passengers.展开更多
The recent article by Miller et al.[1]in BMEF on reimagining the Biomedical Engineering(BME)curriculum of the future proposes several exciting and transformative core principles.These include(a)incorporating modern mo...The recent article by Miller et al.[1]in BMEF on reimagining the Biomedical Engineering(BME)curriculum of the future proposes several exciting and transformative core principles.These include(a)incorporating modern molecular biology and analytical/computational modeling,(b)providing instruction in data science fundamentals,(c)integrating clinical needs for innovation and translation,(d)fostering an educational culture of inclusive excellence,and(e)ensuring that new research discoveries inform the core curriculum.展开更多
The purpose of this project is to examine why the mental health of employees should be prioritized in the workplace. Most employees have likely experienced a visible illness or injury at some point during their career...The purpose of this project is to examine why the mental health of employees should be prioritized in the workplace. Most employees have likely experienced a visible illness or injury at some point during their careers. It is easier to identify these physical ailments that may adversely affect an employee’s performance at work, such as a broken leg or the common cold. However, there are conditions that are much less visible that negatively impact employees every day, and mental health is one of them. A person’s mental health is a significant factor in their work life that should not be ignored. While it may be difficult to recognize when someone is struggling with depression, anxiety, or another form of mental illness on the surface, employers should not automatically assume their entire staff is okay. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic coupled with an increase in civil unrest in society, employers must reevaluate the way they conduct business, starting with the treatment of their employees. To aid employers with prioritizing mental health at work, this paper’s objectives are to address the stigma associated with mental health issues/illness, develop recommendations for inclusive work environments, increase an employer’s investment in mental health, reduce employee turnover, and normalize respect in the workplace. The findings are discussed, and recommendations are provided. Employers who intentionally prioritize and invest in their employees’ mental health will significantly reduce the costs associated with attracting and recruiting new staff due to high turnover rates. Additionally, their reputation as a preferred employer will increase.展开更多
Background and Objective:Limbal stem cell deficiency(LSCD)describes the clinical condition when there is dysfunction of the corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells and the inability to sustain the normal homeostasis ...Background and Objective:Limbal stem cell deficiency(LSCD)describes the clinical condition when there is dysfunction of the corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells and the inability to sustain the normal homeostasis of the corneal epithelium.The limbal stem cells are located in a specialized area of the eye called the palisades of Vogt(POV).There have been significant advances in the diagnosis and management of LSCD over the past decade and this review focuses on the pathophysiology of LSCD,its clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and causes.Methods:Papers regarding LSCD were searched using PubMed to identify the current state of diagnosis and causes of LSCD published through to June 2022.Key Content and Findings:LSCD is clinically demonstrated by a whorl-epitheliopathy,loss of the POV,and conjunctivalization of the cornea.The diagnosis of this condition is based on clinical examination and aided by the use of impression cytology,in vivo confocal microscopy,and anterior segment optical coherence tomography(asOCT).There are many causes of LSCD,but those which are most common include chemical injuries,aniridia,contact lens wear,and Stevens-Johnson syndrome(SJS).Conclusions:While this condition is most commonly encountered by corneal specialists,it is important that other ophthalmologists recognize the possibility of LSCD as it may arise in other co-morbid eye conditions.展开更多
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is the preferred modality for drainage of the obstructed biliary tree.In patients with surgically altered anatomy,ERCP using standard techniques may not be feasible....Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is the preferred modality for drainage of the obstructed biliary tree.In patients with surgically altered anatomy,ERCP using standard techniques may not be feasible.Enteroscope assisted ERCP is usually employed with variable success rate.With advent of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS),biliary drainage procedures in patients with biliary obstruction and surgically altered anatomy is safe and effective.In this narrative review,we discuss role of EUS guided biliary drainage in patients with altered anatomy and the various approaches used in patients with benign and malignant biliary obstruction.展开更多
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic unleashed a flood of untrustworthy information on social media platforms,resulting in the unfortunate consequence of expert scientists'opinions getting lost amidst ...BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic unleashed a flood of untrustworthy information on social media platforms,resulting in the unfortunate consequence of expert scientists'opinions getting lost amidst the chaotic sea of misinformation.The question of how much influence these esteemed scientists hold on social media platforms remains elusive.To address this scientific quandary,we sought to explore the concept of the Kardashian index(K-index),a term introduced by Hall in 2014.This metric provides a rudimentary means of evaluating whether a physician scientist's popularity on social media aligns with their significant scientific contributions.AIM To evaluate if a Gastroenterologist physician's popularity on social media is at par with their scientific contributions(research articles and publications).METHODS We conducted an extensive search to identify all gastroenterologists actively practicing and associated with the top 100 hospitals as reported by the United States News.We collected specific data on a sub-group including their names,affiliations,degrees,and sub-specializations.To gauge their social media popularity,we utilized the K-index calculation which is determined by dividing the actual number of Twitter followers by the number of researcher’s citations.The expected number of followers(F)is calculated using the formula F=43.3 C^0.32,where C represents the number of citations.RESULTS Physicians affiliated with the Mayo Clinic emerged as the most prominent presence on Twitter,constituting 16%of the total.They were followed closely by physicians from Mount Sinai Hospital(9%)and the University of Michigan Hospital(9%).Surprisingly,76%of the physicians evaluated exhibited a low K-index,falling within the range of 0 to less than 2.This suggests that a significant number of highly influential physician-scientists are not receiving due recognition,as indicated by their relatively low number of followers.On the other hand,24%of the physicians had an inflated K-index,exceeding 5,which positioned them as the"Kardashians".These individuals enjoyed greater social media popularity than their actual scientific contributions.Interestingly,our analysis revealed no discernible association between sex and K-index(P value of 0.92).CONCLUSION In the gastroenterology field,our study estimated that a majority(76%)of highly researched physicians are undervalued despite their significant scientific contributions.展开更多
Despite the widely accepted view that planted forests are valuable habitat for wildlife species,there is a lack of empirical evidence showing the suitability of this novel habitat,especially in relation to plantations...Despite the widely accepted view that planted forests are valuable habitat for wildlife species,there is a lack of empirical evidence showing the suitability of this novel habitat,especially in relation to plantations of exotic tree species.Furthermore,little is known about the effects of forest management on the ecology and dynamics of wild populations in the Neotropics.During the breeding season,the migrant flycatcher White-crested Elaenia is the most abundant bird species in forested landscapes in Chile.For several years we have studied different aspects of these artificial forests in the coastal range of south-central Chile as habitat for the species,particularly in contrast to the native forest.In general,our results indicate that plantation forests offer a poorer quality habitat,where the density of the species tends to be lower than in the native forest,although a significant edge effect suggests that its quality can be mitigated by planting as a matrix mosaic with native forest.Furthermore,compared to native forests,populations in plantations contained a higher proportion of younger adult individuals maintaining larger territories,and showing poorer body condition.We suggest that these differences could also have an impact on the birds'longevity and survival.展开更多
Background:Substance abuse has become an increasingly serious socio-medical issue in recent decades.Human health is affected by the socio-cultural environment,which has a direct impact on his psychophysical developmen...Background:Substance abuse has become an increasingly serious socio-medical issue in recent decades.Human health is affected by the socio-cultural environment,which has a direct impact on his psychophysical development and well-being.However,sociocultural factors such as bad habits influence lifestyle and behavior,leading to significant health and social problems for substance abusers.Objective:The present study is to evaluate the phenomenology and socio-demographic characteristics of abusers and compare some of the characteristics randomly.The main objectives of this study are a.To evaluate the socio-demographic profile.b.To find out the pattern of substance use.c.To evaluate the association of phenomenology.d.To find out about substance-related disorders among the substance abuse patients.Materials and methods:There was an observational study conducted in the drug de-addiction unit at Taif,Eradah,and Mental Health Hospital in Saudi Arabia.This study included all substance abusers admitted to the hospital who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The study included patients of both genders admitted to the drug de-addiction unit between April 2021 and October 2022.Based on a descriptive statistical analysis,categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages.Results:An observational study was conducted for nearly one and a half years.We interviewed 358 substance abuse patients following a systematic sampling procedure in a peaceful,non-threatening environment.Among the 358 substance users,353(98.60%)were male and 5(1.39%)were female.According to the survey,117(32.68%)of the participants reported abusing substances during their 31-40 years of age,followed by 102(28.49%)during their 25-30 years of age.The predominant level of substance abuse was among the unemployed 163(45.53%),followed by students 105(29.33%).It was found that 58.66%of all respondents had initiated abuse between the ages of 18-24 years of age.Conclusion:In our study,combined substances like amphetamine and cannabis abusers were most prevalent because these are the most popular illicit drugs which are easily available.Islamic culture prohibits alcohol consumption both religiously and legally,making alcohol abuse the least prevalent of all drug addictions.展开更多
Plant diseases and pests present significant challenges to global food security, leading to substantial losses in agricultural productivity and threatening environmental sustainability. As the world’s population grow...Plant diseases and pests present significant challenges to global food security, leading to substantial losses in agricultural productivity and threatening environmental sustainability. As the world’s population grows, ensuring food availability becomes increasingly urgent. This review explores the significance of advanced plant disease detection techniques in disease and pest management for enhancing food security. Traditional plant disease detection methods often rely on visual inspection and are time-consuming and subjective. This leads to delayed interventions and ineffective control measures. However, recent advancements in remote sensing, imaging technologies, and molecular diagnostics offer powerful tools for early and precise disease detection. Big data analytics and machine learning play pivotal roles in analyzing vast and complex datasets, thus accurately identifying plant diseases and predicting disease occurrence and severity. We explore how prompt interventions employing advanced techniques enable more efficient disease control and concurrently minimize the environmental impact of conventional disease and pest management practices. Furthermore, we analyze and make future recommendations to improve the precision and sensitivity of current advanced detection techniques. We propose incorporating eco-evolutionary theories into research to enhance the understanding of pathogen spread in future climates and mitigate the risk of disease outbreaks. We highlight the need for a science-policy interface that works closely with scientists, policymakers, and relevant intergovernmental organizations to ensure coordination and collaboration among them, ultimately developing effective disease monitoring and management strategies needed for securing sustainable food production and environmental well-being.展开更多
Hepatic adenomas are a rare byproduct of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use. Laboratory workup is often inconclusive. Diagnosis can be made via MRI;however, select cases may require further testing such as fine needle ...Hepatic adenomas are a rare byproduct of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use. Laboratory workup is often inconclusive. Diagnosis can be made via MRI;however, select cases may require further testing such as fine needle aspiration or core needle biopsy. We report a case of a 36-year-old female who was referred to gastroenterology for further evaluation of several liver lesions found incidentally on imaging. Due to risk factors, such as age, long-term oral contraceptive use and obesity, adenoma was high on the differential. Although infrequent, this case emphasizes the importance of a detailed history, including medication review, and physical examination.展开更多
A metabolic syndrome is a cluster of clinical signs that are risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus,and cardiovascular disease.This cluster includes obesity,elevated blood sugar,high blood pressu...A metabolic syndrome is a cluster of clinical signs that are risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus,and cardiovascular disease.This cluster includes obesity,elevated blood sugar,high blood pressure,and high cholesterol.Atypical antipsychotics that are associated with a group of signs and symptoms have resulted in an increased focus on this syndrome.This review included accessible literature,such as review articles and original research articles.It provides useful guidelines for psychiatrists and gives them psycho-education so that they can identify and monitor patients who may have the syndrome and properly manage it.展开更多
Eosinophilic esophagitis is a newly diagnosed esophageal disease in adult and children. The clinical and pathological characteristics of this disease have been established and were recently summarized in the expert cl...Eosinophilic esophagitis is a newly diagnosed esophageal disease in adult and children. The clinical and pathological characteristics of this disease have been established and were recently summarized in the expert clinical guideline published in 2011. In spite of the wide knowledge accumulated on this disease, there are many areas where scientific data are missing, especially in regard to the disease's pathophysiology. Recent publications have suggested that other confounding factors modify the disease and may affect its clinicalphenotypic presentation. Those factors may include place of living, air pollution, race, genetic factors and other. In the present report we discussed and review those confounding factors, the new developments, and what direction we should go to further advance our knowledge of this disease.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND We described a case of a patient with a meningioma in the posterior fossa presenting atypically with an isolated unilateral vocal cord palsy causing severe respiratory distress.This is of interest as the patient had no other symptomatology,especially given the size of the mass,which would typically cause a pressure effect leading to neurological and auditory symptoms.CASE SUMMARY This case report described a 48-year-old male who was married with two children and employed as a car guard.He had a medical history of asthma for the past 10 years controlled with an as-needed beta 2 agonist metered dose inhaler.He initially presented to our facility with severe respiratory distress.He reported a 1-wk history of shortness of breath and wheezing that was not relieved by his bronchodilator.He had no constitutional symptoms or impairment of hearing.On clinical examination,the patient’s chest was“silent.”Our initial assessment was status asthmaticus with type 2 respiratory failure,based on the history of asthma,a“silent chest,”and the arterial blood gas results.CONCLUSION A posterior fossa meningioma of such a large size and with extensive infiltration rarely presents with an isolated unilateral vocal cord palsy.The patient’s chief presenting feature was severe respiratory distress,which combined with his background medical history of asthma,was misleading.Clinicians should thus consider meningioma as a differential diagnosis for a unilateral vocal cord palsy even without audiology involvement.
文摘Objectives: Atlantoaxial dislocation remains a rare and serious condition with a high preoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Its successful surgical management is still challenging and gratifying for neurosurgeons. Several technics have been described such as wiring, trans articular screwing, C1C2 screwing with plate and screw introduced by Goel et al., and modified by insertion of polyaxially screw and rod many years later by Harms. Unavailability and expensiveness of upper cervical spine instrumentation device led us to C1C2 Wiring resulting in a good outcome. Finally, a quadriplegic patient with a more comfortable financial condition had ordered devices from abroad and benefit for Goel and Harms screwing technique and improved dramatically from ASIA A to ASIA E. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study of patients managed in our department by a same neurosurgeon from January 2019 to April 2024. Results: We defined 6 men and 1 woman with an average age of 33 years. Unrestrained driver in a rollover motor vehicle accident was most common. Only one patient was neurologically intact on admission. Neurovegetative disorders were noticed in one patient. Dislocation was associated to a fracture of the dens in two patients. Three patients have been successfully operated with remarkable outcome, mostly from ASIA A to E. Conclusion: C1C2 dislocation is a serious condition and C1C2 Wiring represents an effective and cheaper technic. Therefore, this technic should deserve consideration above all in low incomes countries when screwing devices are not available. Seatbelt should be demanded for motor vehicle drivers and passengers.
文摘The recent article by Miller et al.[1]in BMEF on reimagining the Biomedical Engineering(BME)curriculum of the future proposes several exciting and transformative core principles.These include(a)incorporating modern molecular biology and analytical/computational modeling,(b)providing instruction in data science fundamentals,(c)integrating clinical needs for innovation and translation,(d)fostering an educational culture of inclusive excellence,and(e)ensuring that new research discoveries inform the core curriculum.
文摘The purpose of this project is to examine why the mental health of employees should be prioritized in the workplace. Most employees have likely experienced a visible illness or injury at some point during their careers. It is easier to identify these physical ailments that may adversely affect an employee’s performance at work, such as a broken leg or the common cold. However, there are conditions that are much less visible that negatively impact employees every day, and mental health is one of them. A person’s mental health is a significant factor in their work life that should not be ignored. While it may be difficult to recognize when someone is struggling with depression, anxiety, or another form of mental illness on the surface, employers should not automatically assume their entire staff is okay. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic coupled with an increase in civil unrest in society, employers must reevaluate the way they conduct business, starting with the treatment of their employees. To aid employers with prioritizing mental health at work, this paper’s objectives are to address the stigma associated with mental health issues/illness, develop recommendations for inclusive work environments, increase an employer’s investment in mental health, reduce employee turnover, and normalize respect in the workplace. The findings are discussed, and recommendations are provided. Employers who intentionally prioritize and invest in their employees’ mental health will significantly reduce the costs associated with attracting and recruiting new staff due to high turnover rates. Additionally, their reputation as a preferred employer will increase.
文摘Background and Objective:Limbal stem cell deficiency(LSCD)describes the clinical condition when there is dysfunction of the corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells and the inability to sustain the normal homeostasis of the corneal epithelium.The limbal stem cells are located in a specialized area of the eye called the palisades of Vogt(POV).There have been significant advances in the diagnosis and management of LSCD over the past decade and this review focuses on the pathophysiology of LSCD,its clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and causes.Methods:Papers regarding LSCD were searched using PubMed to identify the current state of diagnosis and causes of LSCD published through to June 2022.Key Content and Findings:LSCD is clinically demonstrated by a whorl-epitheliopathy,loss of the POV,and conjunctivalization of the cornea.The diagnosis of this condition is based on clinical examination and aided by the use of impression cytology,in vivo confocal microscopy,and anterior segment optical coherence tomography(asOCT).There are many causes of LSCD,but those which are most common include chemical injuries,aniridia,contact lens wear,and Stevens-Johnson syndrome(SJS).Conclusions:While this condition is most commonly encountered by corneal specialists,it is important that other ophthalmologists recognize the possibility of LSCD as it may arise in other co-morbid eye conditions.
文摘Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is the preferred modality for drainage of the obstructed biliary tree.In patients with surgically altered anatomy,ERCP using standard techniques may not be feasible.Enteroscope assisted ERCP is usually employed with variable success rate.With advent of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS),biliary drainage procedures in patients with biliary obstruction and surgically altered anatomy is safe and effective.In this narrative review,we discuss role of EUS guided biliary drainage in patients with altered anatomy and the various approaches used in patients with benign and malignant biliary obstruction.
文摘BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic unleashed a flood of untrustworthy information on social media platforms,resulting in the unfortunate consequence of expert scientists'opinions getting lost amidst the chaotic sea of misinformation.The question of how much influence these esteemed scientists hold on social media platforms remains elusive.To address this scientific quandary,we sought to explore the concept of the Kardashian index(K-index),a term introduced by Hall in 2014.This metric provides a rudimentary means of evaluating whether a physician scientist's popularity on social media aligns with their significant scientific contributions.AIM To evaluate if a Gastroenterologist physician's popularity on social media is at par with their scientific contributions(research articles and publications).METHODS We conducted an extensive search to identify all gastroenterologists actively practicing and associated with the top 100 hospitals as reported by the United States News.We collected specific data on a sub-group including their names,affiliations,degrees,and sub-specializations.To gauge their social media popularity,we utilized the K-index calculation which is determined by dividing the actual number of Twitter followers by the number of researcher’s citations.The expected number of followers(F)is calculated using the formula F=43.3 C^0.32,where C represents the number of citations.RESULTS Physicians affiliated with the Mayo Clinic emerged as the most prominent presence on Twitter,constituting 16%of the total.They were followed closely by physicians from Mount Sinai Hospital(9%)and the University of Michigan Hospital(9%).Surprisingly,76%of the physicians evaluated exhibited a low K-index,falling within the range of 0 to less than 2.This suggests that a significant number of highly influential physician-scientists are not receiving due recognition,as indicated by their relatively low number of followers.On the other hand,24%of the physicians had an inflated K-index,exceeding 5,which positioned them as the"Kardashians".These individuals enjoyed greater social media popularity than their actual scientific contributions.Interestingly,our analysis revealed no discernible association between sex and K-index(P value of 0.92).CONCLUSION In the gastroenterology field,our study estimated that a majority(76%)of highly researched physicians are undervalued despite their significant scientific contributions.
基金Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica CONICYT,Gobierno de Chile,for funding his graduate studiesFondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico FONDECYT,Gobierno de Chile,supported this research through the proyect Id:1120314。
文摘Despite the widely accepted view that planted forests are valuable habitat for wildlife species,there is a lack of empirical evidence showing the suitability of this novel habitat,especially in relation to plantations of exotic tree species.Furthermore,little is known about the effects of forest management on the ecology and dynamics of wild populations in the Neotropics.During the breeding season,the migrant flycatcher White-crested Elaenia is the most abundant bird species in forested landscapes in Chile.For several years we have studied different aspects of these artificial forests in the coastal range of south-central Chile as habitat for the species,particularly in contrast to the native forest.In general,our results indicate that plantation forests offer a poorer quality habitat,where the density of the species tends to be lower than in the native forest,although a significant edge effect suggests that its quality can be mitigated by planting as a matrix mosaic with native forest.Furthermore,compared to native forests,populations in plantations contained a higher proportion of younger adult individuals maintaining larger territories,and showing poorer body condition.We suggest that these differences could also have an impact on the birds'longevity and survival.
文摘Background:Substance abuse has become an increasingly serious socio-medical issue in recent decades.Human health is affected by the socio-cultural environment,which has a direct impact on his psychophysical development and well-being.However,sociocultural factors such as bad habits influence lifestyle and behavior,leading to significant health and social problems for substance abusers.Objective:The present study is to evaluate the phenomenology and socio-demographic characteristics of abusers and compare some of the characteristics randomly.The main objectives of this study are a.To evaluate the socio-demographic profile.b.To find out the pattern of substance use.c.To evaluate the association of phenomenology.d.To find out about substance-related disorders among the substance abuse patients.Materials and methods:There was an observational study conducted in the drug de-addiction unit at Taif,Eradah,and Mental Health Hospital in Saudi Arabia.This study included all substance abusers admitted to the hospital who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The study included patients of both genders admitted to the drug de-addiction unit between April 2021 and October 2022.Based on a descriptive statistical analysis,categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages.Results:An observational study was conducted for nearly one and a half years.We interviewed 358 substance abuse patients following a systematic sampling procedure in a peaceful,non-threatening environment.Among the 358 substance users,353(98.60%)were male and 5(1.39%)were female.According to the survey,117(32.68%)of the participants reported abusing substances during their 31-40 years of age,followed by 102(28.49%)during their 25-30 years of age.The predominant level of substance abuse was among the unemployed 163(45.53%),followed by students 105(29.33%).It was found that 58.66%of all respondents had initiated abuse between the ages of 18-24 years of age.Conclusion:In our study,combined substances like amphetamine and cannabis abusers were most prevalent because these are the most popular illicit drugs which are easily available.Islamic culture prohibits alcohol consumption both religiously and legally,making alcohol abuse the least prevalent of all drug addictions.
文摘Plant diseases and pests present significant challenges to global food security, leading to substantial losses in agricultural productivity and threatening environmental sustainability. As the world’s population grows, ensuring food availability becomes increasingly urgent. This review explores the significance of advanced plant disease detection techniques in disease and pest management for enhancing food security. Traditional plant disease detection methods often rely on visual inspection and are time-consuming and subjective. This leads to delayed interventions and ineffective control measures. However, recent advancements in remote sensing, imaging technologies, and molecular diagnostics offer powerful tools for early and precise disease detection. Big data analytics and machine learning play pivotal roles in analyzing vast and complex datasets, thus accurately identifying plant diseases and predicting disease occurrence and severity. We explore how prompt interventions employing advanced techniques enable more efficient disease control and concurrently minimize the environmental impact of conventional disease and pest management practices. Furthermore, we analyze and make future recommendations to improve the precision and sensitivity of current advanced detection techniques. We propose incorporating eco-evolutionary theories into research to enhance the understanding of pathogen spread in future climates and mitigate the risk of disease outbreaks. We highlight the need for a science-policy interface that works closely with scientists, policymakers, and relevant intergovernmental organizations to ensure coordination and collaboration among them, ultimately developing effective disease monitoring and management strategies needed for securing sustainable food production and environmental well-being.
文摘Hepatic adenomas are a rare byproduct of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use. Laboratory workup is often inconclusive. Diagnosis can be made via MRI;however, select cases may require further testing such as fine needle aspiration or core needle biopsy. We report a case of a 36-year-old female who was referred to gastroenterology for further evaluation of several liver lesions found incidentally on imaging. Due to risk factors, such as age, long-term oral contraceptive use and obesity, adenoma was high on the differential. Although infrequent, this case emphasizes the importance of a detailed history, including medication review, and physical examination.
文摘A metabolic syndrome is a cluster of clinical signs that are risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus,and cardiovascular disease.This cluster includes obesity,elevated blood sugar,high blood pressure,and high cholesterol.Atypical antipsychotics that are associated with a group of signs and symptoms have resulted in an increased focus on this syndrome.This review included accessible literature,such as review articles and original research articles.It provides useful guidelines for psychiatrists and gives them psycho-education so that they can identify and monitor patients who may have the syndrome and properly manage it.
文摘Eosinophilic esophagitis is a newly diagnosed esophageal disease in adult and children. The clinical and pathological characteristics of this disease have been established and were recently summarized in the expert clinical guideline published in 2011. In spite of the wide knowledge accumulated on this disease, there are many areas where scientific data are missing, especially in regard to the disease's pathophysiology. Recent publications have suggested that other confounding factors modify the disease and may affect its clinicalphenotypic presentation. Those factors may include place of living, air pollution, race, genetic factors and other. In the present report we discussed and review those confounding factors, the new developments, and what direction we should go to further advance our knowledge of this disease.
