Employing adaptive fuzzy computing for RCP intelligent control and fault diagnosis

Loss of coolant accident(LOCA),loss of fluid accident(LOFA),and loss of vacuum accident(LOVA)are the most severe accidents that can occur in nuclear power reactors(NPRs).These accidents occur when the reactor loses its cooling media,leading to uncontrolled chain reactions akin to a nuclear bomb.This article is focused on exploring methods to prevent such accidents and ensure that the reactor cooling system remains fully controlled.The reactor coolant pump(RCP)has a pivotal role in facilitating heat exchange between the primary cycle,which is connected to the reactor core,and the secondary cycle associated with the steam generator.Furthermore,the RCP is integral to preventing catastrophic events such as LOCA,LOFA,and LOVA accidents.In this study,we discuss the most critical aspects related to the RCP,specifically focusing on RCP control and RCP fault diagnosis.The AI-based adaptive fuzzy method is used to regulate the RCP’s speed and torque,whereas the neural fault diagnosis system(NFDS)is implemented for alarm signaling and fault diagnosis in nuclear reactors.To address the limitations of linguistic and statistical intelligence approaches,an integration of the statistical approach with fuzzy logic has been proposed.This integrated system leverages the strengths of both methods.Adaptive fuzzy control was applied to the VVER 1200 NPR-RCP induction motor,and the NFDS was implemented on the Kori-2 NPR-RCP.

Optimization of double chamber microbial fuel cell for domestic wastewater treatment and electricity production

Microbial fuel cells(M FCs)represent a new approach for treating w aste w ater along w ith electricity production.The present study addressed electricity production from domestic w astew ater using a mediator-less double chamber M FC.The electricity production w as monitored under different operational conditions for both summer and w inter samples.Optimization of the anodic and cathodic chambers resulted in a maximal current of 0.784 and 0.645 m A w ith the maximal pow er intensity of 209 and 117 m W/m2in pow er duration of 24 h for the summer and w inter samples,respectively.Scanning electron microscopy show ed that the bacterial biofilm formation on the anode w as denser for the summer sample than that w hen the w inter sample w as used,so w as the total bacterial count.Therefore,samples taken during summer w ere considered better in electricity production and w aste w ater treatment than those taken during w inter basically because of the high microbial load during the hot season.In parallel,there w as a decrease in both biological oxygen demand(BOD5)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)values which reached 71.8%and 72.85%,respectively at the end of the operation process for the summer sample,w hile there w as no evident decrease for the w inter sample.Optimizing the operating conditions not only increased the potential of using domestic w aste w ater in microbial fuel cells to produce electricity,but also improved the quality of the domestic w aste w ater.

Preliminary evaluation of the radiotherapeutic efficacy of 131I-atorvastatin in rats with hepatocellular carcinoma

As one of the most critical types of cancer,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)affects many people worldwide.This study demonstrated the prospective use of atorvastatin,a drug that inhibits the mevalonate pathway,causing hypolipidemia,as a carrier to deliver the iodine-131(131I)isotope to liver tissues for HCC radiotherapy.The atorvastatin radioiodination method was optimized for utilizing the131I isotope.The radiochemical quality and the in vitro stability of the generated[131I]atorvastatin were investigated.In addition,the biodistribution experiments of[131I]atorvastatin were evaluated in both normal and HCC-induced rat models.[131I]atorvastatin was produced at a maximum radiochemical yield of 86.7±0.49%.The[131I]atorvastatin solution purified via high-performance liquid chromatography showed good in vitro stability for 12 h after tagging.Biodistribution analyses revealed remarkable liver targeting capacity of[131I]atorvastatin and good localization of131I in liver tissues.Overall,the encouraging biochemical profile and histopathologicalfindings have been reported,and preliminary investigations on the possible use of[131I]atorvastatin as a radiotracer and its impact on HCC radiotherapy in rats show promise.

Radiolabeling, docking studies, in silico ADME and biological evaluation of serotonin with 125I for 5-HTRs imaging

Serotonin is one of the significant signaling molecules used by several neural systems in the gut and brain. This study aimed to develop a novel and potent tracer for targeting, detecting, and imaging serotonin receptors(5-HTRs), which is a promising tool in the determination of the receptor’s function and relationship with the diseases related to serotonin and its receptor dysfunction. Serotonin was effectively labeled via a direct electrophilic substitutional reaction using an oxidizing agent such as iodogen with 125I in a neutral medium, and 125I-serotonin was achieved with a maximum labeling yield of 91 ± 0.63% with in vitro stability up to 24 h. Molecular modeling was conducted to signify 125I-serotonin structure and confirm that the radiolabeling process did not affect serotonin binding ability to its receptors. Biodistribution studies show that the maximum gastro intestinal tract uptake of 125I-serotonin was 17.8 ± 0.93% ID/organ after 30 min postinjection and the tracer’s ability to pass the blood–brain barrier. Thus, 125I-serotonin is a promising single photon emission computed tomography tracer in the detection of 5 HTRs.

Enhancements in the Security Level for Wireless Sensor Network

The trade off between the energy consumption and the quality of the received image should be considered as a main point in the techniques design in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). This paper analyzes the performance of multiple image encryption algorithms with different approaches. And also, it introduces two proposed modulation techniques to enhance the performance of WSN. These two techniques merge both the image and the audio in one signal. The merging process enhances the energy consumption data rate. In addition, it removes the effectiveness of the jamming completely from both the reconstructed image and reconstructed audio signal at the receiver. So, the receiver will reconstruct the image without jamming effectiveness. The paper introduces a proposed audio encryption algorithm. The use of encryption algorithms for both image and audio signals with the merging process enhances the security level. Popular metrics are used to compare between these image encryption algorithms and also to show the benefits from these enhancements. The results show the preference of one of these image encryption algorithms to others. And also, the merging process enhances the bit rate to high level.

Response of COX2/PGE2 Inflammatory Pathway to Brown Seaweed Extract in Rats Exposed to Gamma Radiation

Background: Systemic inflammation due to radiation exposure has been identified in a biological system by certain metabolic and behavioral disorders. These anarchies mostly mediated under a regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) induced production of an inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Aim: This study was undertaken to investigate the anti-inflammatory impact of brown sea weed extract (BSWE) against induction of COX2/PGE2 inflammatory pathway in gamma-irradiated rats. Rats were orally administrated with BSWE (27 mg/kg body weight/day) for 7 consecutive days before exposure to 8 Gy fractionated gamma radiation (2 Gy × 4;every 3 days). Treatment with BSWE was extended along with and in-between irradiation doses for another 14 successive days. Our data demonstrated that the administration of BSWE to rats exposed to gamma radiation, following the regimen suggested, significantly neutralize the changes induced in the inflammatory molecules COX2, PGE2, tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO). In addition, it adjusted significantly the cellular redox tone via regulation of changes induced in malondialdehyde (MDA) reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase (CAT) and xanthine oxidoreductase system (XOR). Credibly, from the results emerged in this study, it could be suggested that BSWE has substantial anti-inflammatory activities and gamma radiation protection capabilities. It is recommended to include BSWE in the treatment strategy of various inflammatory diseases especially cancer as a safe natural anti-inflammatory agent.

Assessment of Resonance Self-shielding Models during Burn-Up Calculations

Various approaches and models are used in deterministic codes to treat the resonance self-shielding behavior of cross-sections.The accuracy of the models used has a significant effect on the precision of calculations;hence it is essential to select the best self-shielding method that yields accurate results within a reasonable computational time.In the present paper,the performance of the statistical subgroup method and the subgroup projection method associated with the DRAGON5 code is assessed during the burnup of a fuel pin.Two types of fuel are investigated:UO2,and PuO2-UO2.The accuracy of the methods is determined by calculating the variation of the infinite multiplication factor and the reaction rates during burnup,and then the results are compared to the stochastic MCNP6 code.It is indicated that the performance of both methods in treating the resonance self-shielding effect is satisfactory and that the subgroup projection method has a better performance during burnup calculations.

Thermochemical Aspects of Activated Ammonium Perchlorates with Superior Thermal Stability,Decomposition Enthalpy,Propagation Index,and Decomposition Kinetic Parameters

Ammonium perchlorate(AP)includes oxidizing and reducing elements on the same molecule.AP can act as an efficient oxidizer and mono-propellant as well.In this study,AP experienced crystallographic phase change from orthorhombic centrosymmetric to non-centrosymmetric under controlled isothermal heat treatment.XRD diffractograms confirmed this crystallographic phase change.The thermal behaviour of activated AP had been investigated using DSC.Activated AP demonstrated high chemical stability with an increase in endothermic phase transition enthalpy by 170%.The enthalpy of the subsequent two main exothermic decomposition reactions was increased by 250%.Whereas AP demonstrated total decomposition enthalpy of 733 J/g,activated AP showed 2614 J/g.Activated AP can secure self-sustained response at a high rate.Propagation index(combustion enthalpy/ignition temperature)was employed to assess self-sustained reaction propagation.Activated AP demonstrated high propagation index of 8.7 compared with 2.5 for un-activated AP.Primary decomposition kinetic parameters had investigated using Kissinger and KAS methods.Activated AP showed an increase in activation energy by 89%using the Kissinger method;kinetic parameters using the KAS method were in good agreement with the Kissinger method.It can have concluded that AP with novel kinetic decomposition parameters for enhanced safety storage and high combustion characteristics has evolved.