Turning Industrial Waste into a Valuable Bioproduct:Starch from Mango Kernel Derivative to Oil Industry Mango Starch Derivative in Oil Industry

After industrial mango processing,tons of residues such as peels and kernels are discarded as waste.Nevertheless,almost 60% of the mango kernel is due to starch on a dry weight basis.Herein,starch from mango(Manguifera Indica L.)kernel was applied to obtain a starch fatty ester with vinyl laurate,in DMSO,under basic catalysis.FTIR,1H and 13C NMR confirmed that a starch ester with a degree of modification of 2.6 was produced.TGA showed that the modified starch has higher thermal stability than its precursors and higher than a vinyl laurate/starch physical blend.SEM data showed that granular shape and smooth surface on mango starch changed after chemical modification to a continuous and shapeless morphology.This industrial reject derivative behaved as an efficient alternative environmentally friendly fluid loss controller in oil drilling fluids,even in conditions of high temperatures and high pressures(HTHP)drilling.

Diversity of mycorrhizal fungi and soil indicative species in coastal plantations of northeast Brazil

The aim of this work was to evaluate arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi as soil indicators and the mycorrhization of native and exotic tree species planted in the Acaraúbasin,a transition area from the coast to the Brazilian semiarid region.Plots with 6-year-old trees of four native and three non-native species as well as one non-forested area were evaluated in terms of the diversity of AM fungi in the mycorrhizosphere and the root colonization by AM and ectomycorrhizal(EcM)fungi.Twenty-four AM fungi were identified;Claroideoglomus etunicatum,Glomus sinuosum,Paraglomus albidum,Acaulospora laevis,and Acaulospora brasiliensis were abundant in the forest soil.Diversity,dominance,evenness and richness indices of AM fungi were higher in plots with native trees.All root samples were colonized by AM fungi and only A nadenanthera colubrina,Acacia mangium,Casuarina equisetifolia and Eucalyptus urophylla formed associations with EcM fungi.Acaulospora morphotypes served as soil indicators for coverings with the native species Astronium fraxinifolium and Colubrina glandulosa.Exotic species may favor the proliferation of rarer AM fungi.These fungi–plant relationships may be important in the management of forest systems,and the evidence with mycorrhizal associations allows the inclusion of Brazilian species in tropical reforestation.

Chemical characterization UPLC-ESI-QToF-MSE,antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of Sarcomphalus joazeiro(MART.)Hauenschild

The present study aims to demonstrate the chemical composition of the ethanolic extract of Sarcomphalus joazeiro bark and to evaluate its antibacterial and antibiofilm activity.For that,the ethanolic extract of the stem bark was prepared,and chemical characterization was carried out in UPLC-ESI-QToF-MSE.Minimum inhibitory concentration and antibiotic modification test were performed by the microdilution method.Formation and antiformation assays were evaluated by the crystal violet method.In the chemical characterization,the presence of 24 peaks was observed.Antibacterial activity showed minimum inhibitory concentration≥2048μg/mL.In the evaluations of the potentiating activity,synergism was the most evident.In the formation analysis,it was observed that most strains showed moderate biofilm formation.It was concluded that saponin derivatives are the major secondary metabolites in the analyzed extract and that it presents relevant synergism with the antibiotics studied and a significant ability to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation.