Inheritance of R Locus Expressing Brown Hilum on Black Seed Coat in Soybean

Color is one of the phenotypic markers mostly used to study soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in the study of genetic, molecular and biochemical processes, due to their easy recognizability. The genetic control of several soybean natural variants has not been studied. The standard phenotype of R gene is black hilum on black seed. The genetic type T16 is the only occurrence with brown hilum on black seed coat and its genetic control was not described until now. The aim of this study is to understand the genetic control of seed coat and hilum color in the genetic types T16 and in the natural variants of Bragg, BR6 and BR13. T16 was combinined with Bragg P and BR13P (black seed color) and BR6M (brown seed color) and T236 (r-m). It was found that the genetic control of the brown hilum trait in black seed coat of the T16 genotype was controlled by two loci segregating independently and controlling the expression of the color of the hilum and the seed coat color. The expression of the brown hilum trait in black seed coat is dependent on locus T_, which controls pubescence color;therefore it occurs only in genotypes with tawny brown pubescence (T_), which caracterizes the pleiotropic effect of this locus on the trait hilum brown trait in black seed coat. The color of the hilum and the seed coat color belong to the same allelic sequence. No maternal effect was found in the expression of hilum brown trait in black seed coat.

Digital Micrometer Used in Thickness Measurement of Plastic Film Compared to Standardized Instrument

Different types of plastic films are used in agriculture to cover silos storing silage. The most important characteristics of a tarpaulin for sealing the silage are: thickness, color and polymer used in the manufacture of the film. The objective of this study is to measure and compare the thickness, the use of two instruments (digital micrometer and digital thickness gauge) in plastic films (polyethylene, polyester and polyester/vinyl). This methodological analysis for the use of micrometer digital, for future use (Agronomy and Veterinary sciences). In comparison the thickness of the three factors. 5% by Tukey test revealed that for polyethylene, there was no significant difference between factors. This methodology is satisfactory for the types of films and range of thicknesses studied.

Soybean Improvement for Lipoxygenase-free by Simple Sequence Repeat(SSR)Markers Selection

Beany flavor of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)is caused by oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by the action of three lipoxygenases(LOX1,LOX2 and LOX3)present in mature seeds.The unpleasant flavor restricts human consumption of soybean products.This problem could be solved through genetic elimination of alleles that code these enzymes.Parental cultivars and two hybrid population were selected and analyzed using genetic markers for alleles locus,encoding L_(ox1),L_(ox2)and L_(ox3)free.The SSR marker Satt 212 confirmed the presence of the homozygous null-allele L_(x3)in the cultivar BRS 213,which were used for hybridization with BR 36.Heterozygote F1 hybrid plants and homozygous L_(x3)lines in F_(2)segregating populations were successfully identified.The SSR markers Sat090 and Sat417 were the most effective diagnostic markers among all SSR markers tested.Satt090 and Satt417 confirmed the presence of the homozygous L_(x2)null-allele in the parental cultivar BRS 213 by flanking L_(x2)loci at 3,00 and 2,77 cM,respectively.The presence of L_(x2)null allele in the F_(2)segregating populations between BRS 213 and BRS 155 was successfully identified with a selection efficiency of 98%and have great potential for further application in the Brazilian breeding program aimed at improving soybean seed quality.

Genetic Parameters and Correlation between Tomato Late Blight Field Resistance and Fruit Quality

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and quantify the correlations between late blight (LB) resistance and fruit quality traits in 220 families F2:3, under tropical field conditions. The families were arranged in randomized blocks in field trials, with six resistant inbred lines used as control, in plots of five plants. It evaluated the severity in the middle of the epidemy, final severity, area under the curve of progress of late blight, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and flavor. There is genetic variability for epidemiological variables and total soluble solids. Heritabilities, obtained by parent-offspring regression, were high and indicated the possibility of satisfactory genetics gains and success in the introgression of resistance alleles. The correlations were negative, of high to intermediate magnitude, among the variables area under the curve of progress of late blight, total soluble solids and total titratable acidity.

Identification,Structure Analyses and Expression Pattern of the ERF Transcription Factor Family in Coffea arabica

Members of the ERF Family of Transcription Factors play an important role in plant development and gene expression that regulates responses to biotic and abiotic stress.This work identified 36 ERF family genes in Coffea arabica within the AP2/ERF full domain,using the EST-based genomic resource of the Brazilian Coffee Genome Project.The ERF family genes were classified into nine of the ten existing groups through phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences and comparison with the sequences of the ERF family genes in Arabidopsis.In addition to the AP2 domain,other conserved domains were identified,typical of members of each group.The in silico analysis and expression profiling showed high levels of expression for libraries derived from tissues of fruits,leaves and flowers as well as for libraries subjected to water stress.These results suggest the participation of the ERF family genes of C.arabica in distinct biological functions,such as control of development,maturation,and responses to water stress.The results of this work imply in the selection of promising genes for further functional characterizations that will provide a better understanding of the complex regulatory networks related to plant development and responses to stress,opening up opportunities for coffee breeding programs.