Background and aims:According to the literature,14-46% of subjects clear hepatitis C virus(HCV) From blood after infection.Controversy exists about sex differences in HCV clearance rates.Patients and methods:We compar...Background and aims:According to the literature,14-46% of subjects clear hepatitis C virus(HCV) From blood after infection.Controversy exists about sex differences in HCV clearance rates.Patients and methods:We compared HCV clearance in males and females using data from a large population based study on HCV infection in Egypt.Definitions used in the paper were:cleared HCV infection(positive HCV antibody and negative HCV RNA test results) and chronic HCV infection(positive HCV antibody and positive HCV RNA test results) .The study sample included 4720 village residents aged 18-65 years recruited through home based visits(n = 2425) or voluntary screening(n = 2295) .Results:Overall,HCV antibody prevalence was 910/4720(19.3%(95% confidence interval 18.2-20.4) ) .Of those with HCV antibodies(n = 910) ,61.5% had chronic HCV infection.Compared with males,females were more likely to have cleared the virus(44.6% v 33.7%,respectively;p = 0.001) .Control for age,schistosomiasis history,iatrogenic exposures,and sexual exposure to HCV did not alter the positive association between female sex and viral clearance.Conclusion:This study provides strong evidence in favour of a higher HCV clearance rate in females compared with males.展开更多
Background/Aims: To identify patterns of HCV spread in the Nile Delta of Egypt. Methods: Residents in a Nile Delta village were invited to participate in a cohort study of HCV infection. Risk factors for past or curre...Background/Aims: To identify patterns of HCV spread in the Nile Delta of Egypt. Methods: Residents in a Nile Delta village were invited to participate in a cohort study of HCV infection. Risk factors for past or current infection were identified at cohort intake using generalized estimated equations models. Attributable fractions were calculated for all independent risk factors. Results: The prevalence of HCV antibodies increased from 2.7% in those< 20 years of age to more than 40% in males aged 40- 54 years. The peak in HCV prevalence in the 40- 54 year age group corresponds to the aging of the cohort of children infected through schistosomiasis intravenous treatments in the 1960s- 70 s (accounting for 12.4% of all HCV infections observed today among adults). Following this initial founding event, the HCV epidemic has spread in the community through iatrogenic factors, and particularly injections (37.9% of the overall attributable fraction in adults). In children, however, no iatrogenic factors were associated with increased risk of infection, suggesting a change in the pattern of HCV spread. Conclusions: While HCV infections in adults could be attributed to iatrogenic factors, and particularly injections, infections in children could not be explained by similar routes of transmission.展开更多
Zika virus(ZIKV)is a neurotropic arbovirus almost exclusively transmitted by the bite of Aedes species mosquitoes[1].An outbreak of ZIKV infection was first confirmed in Northeast of Brazil,early 2015.The prevalence o...Zika virus(ZIKV)is a neurotropic arbovirus almost exclusively transmitted by the bite of Aedes species mosquitoes[1].An outbreak of ZIKV infection was first confirmed in Northeast of Brazil,early 2015.The prevalence of micro-cephaly in 15 states of Brazil with laboratory-confirmed ZIKV transmission significantly exceeded that in four states without confirmed ZIKV transmission[2].展开更多
文摘Background and aims:According to the literature,14-46% of subjects clear hepatitis C virus(HCV) From blood after infection.Controversy exists about sex differences in HCV clearance rates.Patients and methods:We compared HCV clearance in males and females using data from a large population based study on HCV infection in Egypt.Definitions used in the paper were:cleared HCV infection(positive HCV antibody and negative HCV RNA test results) and chronic HCV infection(positive HCV antibody and positive HCV RNA test results) .The study sample included 4720 village residents aged 18-65 years recruited through home based visits(n = 2425) or voluntary screening(n = 2295) .Results:Overall,HCV antibody prevalence was 910/4720(19.3%(95% confidence interval 18.2-20.4) ) .Of those with HCV antibodies(n = 910) ,61.5% had chronic HCV infection.Compared with males,females were more likely to have cleared the virus(44.6% v 33.7%,respectively;p = 0.001) .Control for age,schistosomiasis history,iatrogenic exposures,and sexual exposure to HCV did not alter the positive association between female sex and viral clearance.Conclusion:This study provides strong evidence in favour of a higher HCV clearance rate in females compared with males.
文摘Background/Aims: To identify patterns of HCV spread in the Nile Delta of Egypt. Methods: Residents in a Nile Delta village were invited to participate in a cohort study of HCV infection. Risk factors for past or current infection were identified at cohort intake using generalized estimated equations models. Attributable fractions were calculated for all independent risk factors. Results: The prevalence of HCV antibodies increased from 2.7% in those< 20 years of age to more than 40% in males aged 40- 54 years. The peak in HCV prevalence in the 40- 54 year age group corresponds to the aging of the cohort of children infected through schistosomiasis intravenous treatments in the 1960s- 70 s (accounting for 12.4% of all HCV infections observed today among adults). Following this initial founding event, the HCV epidemic has spread in the community through iatrogenic factors, and particularly injections (37.9% of the overall attributable fraction in adults). In children, however, no iatrogenic factors were associated with increased risk of infection, suggesting a change in the pattern of HCV spread. Conclusions: While HCV infections in adults could be attributed to iatrogenic factors, and particularly injections, infections in children could not be explained by similar routes of transmission.
文摘Zika virus(ZIKV)is a neurotropic arbovirus almost exclusively transmitted by the bite of Aedes species mosquitoes[1].An outbreak of ZIKV infection was first confirmed in Northeast of Brazil,early 2015.The prevalence of micro-cephaly in 15 states of Brazil with laboratory-confirmed ZIKV transmission significantly exceeded that in four states without confirmed ZIKV transmission[2].
