RMB Internationalization: Routes and Roles

SINCE the outbreak of the global financial crisis,the lack of confidence in the international monetary system and turmoil of the international financial environment have given rise to a resounding demand for reform and reconstruction of the international monetary system.Meanwhile,although China has made some progress in RMB regionalization,the use of its currency is

Lifetime and shelf life of sealed tritium-filled plasma focus chambers with gas generator

The paper describes the operation features of plasma focus chambers using deuteriumetritium mixture.Handling tritium requires the use of sealed,vacuum-tight plasma focus chambers.In these chambers,there is an accumulation of the impurity gases released from the inside surfaces of the electrodes and the insulator while moving plasma current sheath inside chambers interacting with b-electrons generated due to the decay of tritium.Decay of tritium is also accompanied by the accumulation of helium.Impurities lead to a decreased yield of neutron emission from plasma focus chambers,especially for long term operation.The paper presents an option of absorption type gas generator in the chamber based on porous titanium,which allows to significantly increase the lifetime and shelf life of tritium chambers.It also shows the results of experiments on the comparison of the operation of sealed plasma focus chambers with and without the gas generator.

The “China model” of SOE reform and its challenges

Editorial Note I Reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has always been an important issue in economic and state policy circles.Through 30 years of reform,beginning in1978,China’s SOEs have achieved remarkable success.

How Interlinks Influence Federated over SPARQL Endpoints

As the Web of Data grows, the number of available SPARQL endpoints increases. SPARQL endpoints conceptually represent RPC-style, coarse-grained data access mechanisms. Nevertheless, through the potential interlinking of the contained entities, SPARQL endpoints should be able to over distinct advantages over plain Web APIs. To our knowledge, to date, there has been no study conducted that gauges the impact of the link on SPARQL query execution, especially in a federated set-up. In this paper, we investigate how the existence and types of typed links influences the execution characteristics of different SPARQL federation frameworks. In order to measure the query performance, we propose a combined cost model based on a statistic analysis of the query performance metrics that involves parameters such as type of link, the data catalogues and cache, number of links, and number of distinct subjects. As result, we show that number of distinct subject and number of links have significant impact on Federation over SPARQL Endpoints performance whereas type of link does not have significantly influence in federation query performance.

Identification and Diagnostics of Plant-Symbiotic and Phytopathogenic Bacteria

Rapid and reliable diagnostics and identification of pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria are at the top of the agenda. In the first case, they are important to control and prevent crop damages, and thus reduce economic losses. In the second, it＇s necessary to design and monitor quality of biofertilizer to raise its effectiveness and crop capacity. Development of accurately, rapidly, technically and commercially accessible methods remains a critical problem for the bacteria with comprehensive phylogenetic structure. In this work, we investigated pathogenic Xanthomonas and Ralstonia and symbiotic Sinorhizobium. The aim of this investigation was to examine the applicability of the novel methods for phylogenetic study, identification and diagnostics of closely related species of these genera. The conventional phenotypic and genotypic （16S rRNA, gyrB） methods were applied as referents. Novel polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-based approaches, single-adapter amplified fragment length polymorphism （saAFLP） and comparative analyses of hin-region and Xcc0006-0007 sequences, were first employed for the investigations. Phenotypic tests, 16S rRNA and gyrB analysis distinguished bacteria at the genus level, but failed to identify them to the species robustly. The new methods identified bacteria at the inter-species level more precisely. This identification agreed with the accepted genera＇s classifications. The only exceptions were X. fuscans ＆ X. cirri and X. perforance ＆ X. euvesicatoria which clustered together. The further outcome of this study was achieved hin-region-based genus-specific PCR primers for the express-diagnostics of the genera. Summary, these new methods can be applied for genome-based phylogeny investigations and as convenient and accurate tools for identification and routine laboratory diagnostics of these comprehensive genera.

New “Made in China” Model

RECENT major changes in China’s industry structure,such as intensifying environmental protection and restricting resource exploitation,increasingly fi erce market competition,and fast progressing technologies,have rendered the previously extensive development mode of the nation’s manufacturing sector obsolete.The old model features heavy production factor input and large-scale production expansion.

The TPP and the Chinese Economy

THE Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP),with its ambitious core objective of trade liberalization characterized by comprehensively advanced standards in all areas,has polarized international attention.Upon conclusion of negotiations,the TPP becomes the world’s largest free trade zone,and so considerably infl uences the current restructuring of international trade rules and reforms to global

SOE Reform Faces New Challenges

IN 2015,as China’s state-owned enterprises(SOE)cautiously propel reforms,they find themselves in a new predicament–that of a decline in business performance while under the government anticorruption campaign searchlight.The economic new normal and construction of the anti-corruption system are the latest features of China’s reforms.

Initiating a New Partnership Between China and Developed Countries

THE Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council jointly issued on March 23,2015 the＂Certain Opinions on Deepening Institutional and Mechanism Reforms and Accelerating Implementation of the Innovation-driven Development Strategy.＂How to make innovation the main engine of China’s development,therefore,has once more become the focal point of all walks of life.

The New Situation of Sino-U.S.Economic and Trade Cooperation

SINCE China and the U.S.officially established diplomatic relations on January 1,1979,their trade ties have developed rapidly.Bilateral trade increased from US$2.45 billion to US$555 billion in 2014,a growth of more than 220-fold.In addition,the scale and scope of cooperation

What Will the SH-HK Stock Connect Bring?

THE Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect Program is a strategic decision the Chinese government has taken to meet the needs of equity markets on the mainland and in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.It represents an institutional innovation in the country’s capital market.During the first 25 trading days after the launch of the program on November 17,2014,more than RMB 71billion flowed into the mainland’s A-share market and RMB 9.5-plus billion into the Hong Kong market via the Stock Connect.Although the trade volume did not show explosive growth,it remained stable and orderly.It will take time for investors to warm to this scheme.In the long term,however,the Shanghai-Hong Kong

Who Has the Upper Hand, China or the U.S.?

THE U.S.is spearheading economic recovery of the developed world,while China is at the fore of the emerging economies.Throughout this unbalanced,slower than expected resuscitation,China and the U.S.thus remain the two leading engines of global economic growth–a phenomenon that has given rise to debates on which economy is more successful.Quarterly data over the past five years show strong

Confidence Crises Threaten Chinese Listings Abroad

FOREIGN capital markets appeal strongly to Chi- nese enterprises for their scale, high efficiency and good services. Chinese enterprises now seek listings on foreign stock exchanges as the best way to do business abroad, the United States the most favored destination.

The Impact of Euro Depreciation on the Chinese Economy

THE Eurozone,one of the world’s largest economies,has become a runner in the United States,Japan,and Britain’s QE"relay race."In late January 2015,the European Central Bank(ECB)announced its launch of QE(Quantitative Easing),so ending longstanding conjecture.But the scale of more than€one trillion was way beyond anyone’s expectations.This monetary program creates more abundant global market liquidity and

Aggregation of BRICS Financial Strength

INDIA’S K.V.Kamath’s nomination last May as president-designate of the New Development Bank(NDB)signified the BRICS-led bank’s entry into its substantive operational stage.The NDB board of governors will call its first meeting and officially appoint the bank’s president and vice presidents during the BRICS summit in early July in Ufa,Russia.

Factors Affecting the Ratio of Service Industry in GDP： A Comparative Analysis of China, Japan, and South Korea

Based on the input-output model and using a demand side approach, this paper surveys how factors such as consumption, investment, net export, intermediate input and price affect the ratio of China＇s service industry as compared with Japan and South Korea. An analysis of China＇s data indicates that price and residential consumption structure are key contributing factors to the rising ratio of the service industry. Conversely, intermediate input and government consumption are factors that lead to a decrease in the ratio of the service industry. An analysis of Japan and South Korea shows that price and residential consumption structures were linked to the rises in their service industry. This paper concludes that the ratio of China＇s service industry to gross domestic product （GDP） will continue to rise over the 12th Five-Year Plan period （2011-2015） and beyond.

Preservative effects of the combined treatment of slightly acidic electrolyzed water and ice on pomfret

This study assessed the combined effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)and slightly acidic electrolyzed water ice(SAEW-ice)on the quality of pomfrets over a period of 18 d of cold storage at 4°C.A presoak for 5 min in SAEW solution(22 mg/L)was used before the pomfrets were placed on SAEW-ice(pH:6.45;ORP:803 mV;ACC:18 mg/L);The changes in physicochemical properties(i.e.,pH,thiobarbituric acid,total volatile basic nitrogen and texture profile),microbial loads and sensory characteristics were all analyzed.Compared with the tap water(TW)group,the total bacterial counts of the SAEW group significantly decreased by 1.27 log10 CFU/g after immersion(p<0.05).The shelf life of the pomfrets was prolonged by 9 d by the combined treatment of SAEW and SAEW-ice during storage at 4℃.On the 18th day,the gumminess and chewiness values of the pomfrets in the SAEW+SAEW-ice group were 195 g and 3.97 mJ,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the other groups(p<0.05).The results suggested that SAEW+SAEW-ice treatments have great potential as a novel method to maintain the quality and extend the shelf life of pomfrets during refrigerated storage.

Congestion avoidance, detection and alleviation in wireless sensor networks

Congestion in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) not only causes severe information loss but also leads to excessive energy consumption. To address this problem, a novel scheme for congestion avoidance, detection and alleviation (CADA) in WSNs is proposed in this paper. By exploiting data characteristics, a small number of representative nodes are chosen from those in the event area as data sources, so that the source traffic can be suppressed proactively to avoid potential congestion. Once congestion occurs inevitably due to traffic mergence, it will be detected in a timely way by the hotspot node based on a combination of buffer occupancy and channel utilization. Congestion is then alleviated reactively by either dynamic traffic multiplexing or source rate regulation in accordance with the specific hotspot scenarios. Extensive simulation results under typical congestion scenarios are presented to illuminate the distinguished performance of the proposed scheme.

How to Produce Substantial SOE Reforms

The General Office of the State Council. China＇s cabinet, recently issued an action plan on the reform of central state- owned enterprises （SOEs）. The plan requires that all central SOEs under the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission must complete the corporate sys- tem reform by the end of 2017. Moreover, they must also accelerate the establishment of an effective corporate governance structure as well as a flexible and efficient market-based operational scheme.