Protective effects of lupeol and mango extract against androgen induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice

Aim： To investigate antioxidant potential of lupeol/mango pulp extract （MPE） in testosterone induced oxidative stress in prostate of male Swiss albino mice. Methods： Oral treatment of lupeol （1 mg/animal） and MPE （1 mL [20% w/v]/ animal） was given separately to animals along with subcutaneous injection of testosterone （5 mg/kg body weight） consecutively for 15 days. At the end of the study period, the prostate was dissected out for the determination of reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes status （catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase）. Results： In testosterone treated animals, increased ROS resulted in depletion of antioxidant enzymes and increase in lipid peroxidation in mouse prostate. However, lupeol/MPE treatment resulted in a decrease in ROS levels with restoration in the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion： The results of the present study demonstrate that lupeol/MPE are effective in combating oxidative stress-induced cellular injury of mouse prostate. Mango and its constituents, therefore, deserve study as a potential chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer. （Asian J Androl 2008 Mar; 10： 313-318）

Modulatory effects of diallyl sulfide against testosteroneinduced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice

Aim： To investigate the protective effect of diallyl sulfide （DAS）, a constituent of garlic, against testosterone-induced oxidative stress in male Swiss albino mice. Methods： The animals were given low （250 mg/animal） and high dose （500 mg/animal） of DAS in corn oil for 7 days along with testosterone （5 mg/kg body weight, i.p.）. At the end of the study period, the prostate and the liver were dissected to determine various antioxidant enzyme levels （catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-s-transferase） and lipid peroxidation. Results： In testosterone treated mice, depleted antioxidant enzyme level was accompanied with enhancement in lipid peroxidation in prostate and liver. DAS significantly restored the testosterone-induced antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in the both organs. These changes appear to be mediated by the antioxidant-enhancing effects of DAS. Conclusion： The results of the present study suggest that DAS is effective in exerting antioxidant effects by inhibiting testosterone-induced oxidative stress and might be helpful in preventing prostate cancer.

Calcium Glucarate Prevents Tumor Formation in Mouse Skin

Objective Calcium Glucarate (Cag), Ca salt of D-glucaric acid is a naturally occurring non-toxic compound present in fruits, vegetables and seeds of some plants, and suppress tumor growth in different models. Due to lack of knowledge about its mode of action its uses are limited in cancer chemotherapy thus the objective of the study was to study the mechanism of action of Cag on mouse skin tumorigenesis. Methods We have estimated effect of Cag on DMBA induced mouse skin tumor development following complete carcinogenesis protocol. We measured, epidermal transglutaminase activity (TG), a marker of cell differentiation after DMBA and/or Cag treatment and [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA as a marker for cell proliferation. Results Topical application of Cag suppressed the DMBA induced mouse skin tumor development. Topical application of Cag significantly modifies the critical events of proliferation and differentiation TG activity was found to be reduced after DMBA treatment. Reduction of the TG activ