Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables using multivariate statistic analysis in a eutrophic shallow lake:A 5-year study

Understanding the process of the changing phytoplankton patterns can be particularly useful in water quality improvement and management decisions.However,it is generally not easy to illustrate the interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables given their high spatial and temporal heterogeneity.To elucidate relationships between them,in a eutrophic shallow lake,Taihu Lake,relative long-term data set of biotic and abiotic parameters of water quality in the lake were conducted using multivariate statistical analysis within seasonal periodicity.The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus(TP)played governing roles in phytoplankton dynamics in most seasons(i.e.temperature in winter,spring and summer; TP in spring,summer and autumn); COD(chemical oxygen demand)and BOD(biological oxygen demand)presented significant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in spring,summer and autumn.However,a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering significant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn,and conversely negative ones in summer.As the predatory factor,zooplankton presented significant grazing-pressure on phytoplankton biomass during summer in view of negative relationship between them in the season.Significant feedback effects of phytoplankton development were identified in summer and autumn in view that significant relationships were observed between phytoplankton biomass and pH,Trans(transparency of water)and DO.The results indicate that interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity,which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability,and hence,advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.

Identification of anthropogenic influences on water quality of rivers in Taihu watershed

表面水身体日益增多地被使遭到作为在 Taihu watershed.Concentrations 在 19 条河的水质量在 spatialvariation 上评定并且检验人的活动的影响的结果 ofanthropogenic activities.This 研究强调表面水质量的ofphysico化学的参数在每 riverduring 的嘴被决定 2000-2004 .Multivariate 的经期统计技术在学习 rivers.The 结果被用于水质量的

Impacts of formal credit on rural household income:Evidence from deprived areas in western China

Financial support is a crucial part of China's poverty alleviation effort.Thus,it is vital to understand how formal credit impacts income growth in rural households.In 2012,2015,and 2018,a survey was conducted to obtain a panel dataset of 592 rural households from 6 poverty-stricken counties in western China,including counties in Guizhou,Yunnan,and Shaanxi provinces.We use the data to examine the effect of formal credit on rural household income and the mechanism that underlies this effect.We find that formal credit can significantly increase rural households'income in deprived areas in western China.Furthermore,formal credit promotes the reallocation of household labor from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector and changes rural households'decisions about investment-consumption behavior.These are the drivers of changes in the amount and structure of household income.Further analyses show that formal credit may widen income inequality among rural households in western China's deprived areas.The individual characteristics of rural households,such as different levels of material capital,human capital,and social capital,bring about differences in the effects of formal credit on income growth.This study emphasizes that the implementation of formal credit is an essential strategy for poverty alleviation in underdeveloped areas,but policymakers should not excessively interfere with the financial market.

An implementation assessment of China's Environmental Information Disclosure Decree

China's 2007 Open Government Information Regulations is widely considered as a milestone in the country's information policy history and is praised as a"sunshine program".The Environmental Information Disclosure Decree was the first to operationalize these general regulations into a sectoral information disclosure system on environment.This study assessed the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system about six months after the Decree took eect on May 1,2008.Through reviewing the websites of all 31 provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus and the Ministry of Environmental Protection,conducting an experiment with actual information disclosure request,and through interviews with all provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus,this article concluded that the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system still falls short.Future improvements should focus on further publicity of the regulations and decree to enhance public participation,the establishment of an independent evaluation and supervision system for information disclosure,the exchange of experiences and best practices among provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus,and on strengthening the legal status of environmental information disclosure.

Payment for Environmental Services:The Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia Autonomous Region of China

自从 2002，中国的泼出陆地变换节目被实现了。它试图达到生态的恢复和贫穷缓和的目标，由陡峭地退休泼出从庄稼生产和释放剩余的土地为离开农场活动的农业劳动。给被倒进它的巨大的投资，并且它的生态、社会的影响，这个开始政府的节目吸引了重要学术注意并且触发了争论的洪水。自从 2004，争论专注于节目的可持续性。尽管目标完了在一些省完成了，在津贴停止以后，担心仍然关于农民的生计出现了。现在的论文在 Ningxia 自治区域分析泼出的陆地变换节目的实现，与为农民的持续参予和离开农场经济活动的发展的要求的社会大写字的一个焦点。

中国政府环境信息公开实施效果评价

环境信息公开是国际上公认的新一代环境治理手段,也是我国建设"阳光政府"的基本要求.在《环境信息公开办法》实施2 a后,针对31个省级、5个计划单列市和27个省会城市环境保护局落实环境信息公开的制度和行动进行调查分析,通过资料调查、实际公开申请和深入访谈,全面评估政府环境信息公开办法实施的有效性,以期为该办法的进一步完善提供政策建议.结果表明,尽管各级环境保护局公开的环境信息还不够全面、及时、有效,但是政府环境信息公开总体状况已经有了较大进步.目前环境信息公开还存在地区不平衡,而缺乏强制力,信息公开法规相应条款规定模糊,程序和责任不明确是导致环境信息公开不力的重要原因.

Factors influencing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions and control in major industrial sectors: Case evidence from Shandong Province, China

Analyzing determinants that influence polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran(PCDD/F) emissions is helpful for decision-makers to find effective and efficient ways to mitigate PCDD/F emissions. The PCDD/F emissions and the contributions of the scale effect, structure effect and technology effect to emissions from eight main industrial sectors in2006, 2008 and 2010 in Shandong Province, were calculated in this article. Total PCDD/F emissions in Shandong increased by 52.8% in 2008(614.1 g I-TEQ) and 49.7% in 2010(601.8 g I-TEQ) based on 2006(401.9 g I-TEQ). According to the decomposition method, the largest influencing factor on PCDD/F emission changes was the composition effect(contributed 43.4%in 2008 and 120.6% in 2010 based on 2006), which was also an emission-increasing factor.In this case, the present industrial restructuring policy should be adjusted to control the proportion of production capacities with high emission factors, such as iron ore sintering and steelmaking and the secondary non-ferrous metal sector. The scale effect increased the emissions in 2008(contributed 21.9%) and decreased the emissions in 2010(contributed-28.0%). However, as a source control measure, the excess capacity control policy indeed had a significant role in emission reduction. The main reason for the technology effect(contributed 34.7% in 2008 and 7.4% in 2010 based on 2006) having an emission-increasing role was the weakness in implementing policies for restricting industries with outdated facilities. Some specific suggestions were proposed on PCDD/F reduction for local administrators at the end.

Understanding the relationships between poverty alleviation and ecosystem conservation:empirical evidence from western China

Despite growing interest in the use of Payments for Ecosystem Services(PES)for both social and ecological benefits,few studies have investigated the feedback and interaction between poverty alleviation and ecosystem protection outcomes.In this study,the poverty reduction effects of PES policies and their subsequent influence on environmental protection outcomes are investigated.To address these questions,222 local rural households who were involved in PES programs from the Habahu National Nature Reserve in western China were interviewed.The results showed that the social and ecological outcomes of PES policies are neither two separate entities nor a trade-off.While rural households are the key participants in PES programs,the social and ecological outcomes of PES policies are closely related to each other.In addition,poverty reduction results could greatly influence ecosystem conservation effects.Livelihood assets,as well as the attitudes of rural households,play important roles in both of the outcomes.This research provides a new perspective that considers the social and ecological benefits of PES policies,and it also calls for an integrated consideration of social and ecological components in tihe design of PES policies to achieve enhanced results both for poverty alleviation and ecosystem conservation.

Transition to a low-carbon city： lessons learned from Suzhou in China

气候变化成为了面对人类的最严肃的挑战之一；开发低碳的经济为处理这个问题提供新机会。造一个低碳的城市被人在中国与热情的高度追求了。与在国家水平的行动不同、从发达乡村的惯例不同，中国城市里的低碳的开发应该被放在多样的担心上。作为一个盒子城市拿中国的江苏省的苏州，这份报纸采用一条情形分析途径在转变探索战略焦点的点到一个低碳的城市。在这转变以内，我们主要从二因素经济重构并且工艺的升级集中于不同贡献。情形分析结果显示出那 1 ) 在没有突破技术的情况中，完成绝对排放减小是困难的；2 ) 涉及优化精力结构和基本服务性行业的改善精力效率的技术应该高度在本地计划被强调；3 ) 与工艺的升级的、经济结构的调整比较，到缓解的一个更强壮的贡献者，它是主要差别从之一能被开发乡村。然而，经济重构的关键问题是支持新兴的低碳的工业的生长，它要求新工业而且先进低碳的技术的介绍的一种战略选择不仅。

Local perceptions of ecosystem services and protection of culturally protected forests in southeast China

Introduction:Culturally protected forests(CPFs),preserved and managed by local people on the basis of traditional practices and beliefs,have social and ecological functions.Local residents’perceptions were investigated in three types of CPFs(community forests,ancestral temple forests,and cemetery forests)in five villages in southeast China.In semi-structured interviews(232 questionnaires),residents were asked about their perceptions concerning ecosystem services and protection of CPFs.Outcomes:The survey results showed that resource utilizationwasnot high inCPFs than inforests without culturally protected.Important ecosystem services provided by CPFs included air quality improvement,water retention,recreation,and aesthetic value.Respondents were satisfied with different cultural services provided by CPFs,including aesthetic value of community forests,ecotourism of ancestral temple forests,and cultural heritage of cemetery forests.Informal rules and traditional customswere used as themainmeasures to govern forests in daily life;however,the most effective measures,in order of importance,were setting fines or punishment by laws,using informal rules and village regulations,or protection by government agencies.Only half of the respondents were willing to pay for maintaining ecosystem services of CPFs,but 77.8%respondents were willing to spend time on protection.From apolicy perspective,educational programs were as important as traditions,and they are crucial to explain the ecological importance of CPFs.Conclusion:The conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services of CPFs will benefit if government agencies consider incorporating CPFs into policy and legislative frameworks,maintain CPFs as collectively owned forests,and introduce ecological compensation mechanisms.