Stress tensors and quantification of fracture patterns to analyze connectivity and potential fluid flow in a mesa landform of the Northern Andes

This work applies stress tensors inversions and quantification of fracture patterns along the Mesa de Los Santos, in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, to better understand the potential fluid flow. It thus contributes to the conceptual hydrogeological model. The area was subdivided into three blocks, separated by the NW Potreros and the Los Santos faults, having minor inner faults of different orientations. This separation facilitates the analysis of the fractures measured in the field, which in general show high dip angles and a conjugate geometry in the northern block, tension fractures(Mode I) in the central block, and a random distribution in the southwestern block. WinTensor treatment of slickensides yielded a maximum horizontal stress(SHmax) of 111o, which coincides with the WNW-ESE tensor observed from the conjugate and tension joints. We then used Frac Pa Q to generate interpolation maps of fracture intensity and density. The maps show the highest values in the central block and the lowest in the northern block,where the precipitation is higher, causing intensive rock weathering and homogenization of the fracture planes. Although the highest values of connectivity by line are found to the south of the mesa, we suggest the possibility of greater flow from the recharge zone(NE) along bedding planes and open NW-SE fractures.

A Classical Complete Action for a System of Small-Point Massive Charged Particles in General Relativity

A classical action which describes the motion of a system of small-point massive charged particles including the existence of the electromagnetic and gravitational self-forces, Maxwell equations and Einstein field equations is presented. The action possesses the particularity of being a functional of the variables zi (τi), the trajectory of the i-particle, Aα (x), the electromagnetic 4-potential, and gαβ(x), the metric tensor. It is also considered that the metric tensor gαβ (x) and the potential Aα (x) are not functions of the trajectory of each particle when the variations with respect to the trajectories of the particles are done. That is, the action is complete. The electromagnetic and the gravitational self-forces are analyzed.

Quantum information entropies of the eigenstates for the Pschl-Teller-like potential

Shannon entropy for lower position and momentum eigenstates of Ptschl-Teller-like potential is evaluated. Based on the entropy densities demonstrated graphically, we note that the wave through of the position information entropy density p （x） moves right when the potential parameter V1 increases and its amplitude decreases. However, its wave through moves left with the increase in the potential parameter 丨V2丨. Concerning the momentum information entropy density p（p）, we observe that its amplitude increases with increasing potential parameter V1, but its amplitude decreases with increasing丨V2丨. The Bialynicki-Birula-Mycielski （BBM） inequality has also been tested for a number of states. Moreover, there exist eigenstates that exhibit squeezing in the momentum information entropy. Finally, we note that position information entropy increases with V1, but decreases with 丨V2丨, However, the variation of momentum information entropy is contrary to that of the position information entropy.

Relativistic Treatment of Spinless Particles Subject to a Rotating Deng-Fan Oscillator

有旋转 DengFan 分子的潜力的 KleinGordon 方程的界限状态答案被在相等的数量和向量 DengFan 潜力的框架以内使用合适的近似到离心的术语介绍。答案能被概括亢奋的几何功能表示，这被显示出。规范的 wavefunctions 也被导出。

Analytic solutions of the double ring-shaped Coulomb potential in quantum mechanics

The exact solutions of the Schr6dinger equation with the double ring-shaped Coulomb potential are presented, including the bound states, continuous states on the ＂k/2π scale＂, and the calculation formula of the phase shifts. The polar angular wave functions are expressed by constructing the so-called super-universal associated Legendre polynomials. Some special cases are discussed in detail.

The 2.7 K black-body radiation background reference frame

This paper reports that the directional temperature is used to present a scheme for deducing the velocity of the reference frame where the black-body which produces the 2.7 K radiation background is at rest. The new renormalized relativistic thermodynamics lays the foundations of the method.

BPSCCO Superconducting Films Grown by Spray Pyrolysis Technique: Systematic Study of the Relationship between Pb Content and Annealing Conditions

Actually recent investigation in developing semiconducting-superconducting composites based in CdS and Bi-based superconductors has attracted interest in processing thin superconducting films. In this work are reported Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BPSCCO) thin films grown on MgO substrates by spray pyrolysis technique from a solution containing Bi(NO3)3, Pb(NO3)2, Sr(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2 and Cu(NO3)2, with a subsequent solid state reaction for growing the Bi-based superconducting phases. Annealed films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectroscopy and resistance measurements. Interdependence between Pb content, annealing time and temperature, in the formation of superconducting phases was studied applying a fractional factorial design 3III4-2. Interrelation between Pb content, ta and Ta exists. The presence of Pb is necessary to stabilize the high-Tc phase but its content depends on the annealing conditions.

Development And Characterization of Ultra Low Cement Castable Cordierites by Thixotropic Properties Mixtures

The main target in this investigation was to take advantage of the reology properties of the tixotropic mixes in Ultra Low Cement Castables (ULCC). The cordierite phase in refractory mix can be obtained using raw materials with magnesium oxide in its composition, such as, Mg(OH)2 or H2Mg3(SiO3)4 (Talc mineral), with a content of? 63.5% SiO2, 31.7% MgO and 4.8% H2O. In this investigation, as magnesium source, a commercial calcined magnesite with 90% MgO was used.? This mineral was selected instead of Talc mineral, because this last contains more impurities in its composition that tend to form more amounts of liquid phases with low fusion points. For this work two different ULCC mixes were designed. These were fired at 1260 oC, the cordierite phase was quantified in each mix.

Influence of Humidity on Yield Stress Determination by Slump Test of Slip-Prone Clayey Soils and Their Relation with the Chemical Properties

In this work, the yield stress evaluation as a function of water content for slip-prone clayey soils is studied in order to understand how yield stress decreases as water content increases, and their relation with the chemical properties. The clayey soil samples were taken from the region of Teziutlán-Puebla-Mexico. Yield stress was calculated using the slump test in cylindrical geometry. Results show three zones. The first one shows an exponential decrement on yield stress due to lower water content in accord with clayey soils with high content of illita, followed by a second region where yield stress decreases dramatically at a certain critical water concentration, and the third one where yield stress dependence is not well-defined since the clayey soil flow is seen. Finally, it is discussed how yield stress variation due to the water increment influences the landslide risk increment.

Synthesis of Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide Nanowires Hydrothermally Grown on Plastic Substrate

We report the synthesis of undoped ZnO and Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) nanowires grown using a two-step process: (a) preparation of the seed layer, and (b) growth of the nanostructures. In the first step,? 10 mM solutions of zinc acetate dihydrate and 1-propanol were spin coated on polyethylene terephthalate? (PET) substrate at 2000 rpm by 30 s. Vertical nanowires were then grown by dipping the substrates in an equimolar solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine. As doping source, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate powders were added in the solution. In the solutions, Al doping concentrations were established as 0.5 At %, 1.0 At %, 2.0 At % and 3.0 At %, respectively. The hydrothermal process were carried out with a commercially microwave at 140 W power setting. The nanowires were characterized optically and morphologically. XRD patterns show the presence of ZnO, Zn(OH)2 and Zn6Al2O9. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the size of ZnO nanowires was 50 nm in diameter. The undoped ZnO and ZnO:Al nanowires bandgap energy was obtained from optical transmission spectra.

Conditions for Singularity of Twist Grain Boundaries between Arbitrary 2-D Lattices

We have shown that the expression =2tan-1/ derived by Ranganathan to calculate the angles at which there exists a CSL for rotational interfaces in the cubic system can also be applied to general (oblique) two-dimensional lattices provided that the quantities 2 and /cos() are rational numbers, with =|b|/|a| and is the angle between the basis vectors a and b. In contrast with Ranganathan’s results, N;given by N=tan2() needs no longer be an integer. Specifically, vectors a and b must have the form a=(1,0);b=(r,tan) where r is an arbitrary rational number. We have also shown that the interfacial classification of cubic twist interfaces based on the recurrence properties of the O-lattice remains valid for arbitrary two-dimensional interfaces provided the above requirements on the lattice are met.

Photoluminescence Spectroscopy as a Tool for Quality Control of GaN Thin Film to Be Used in Solar Cell Devices

The use of III-V and semiconductor nitrides in solar cells has been of interest in the PV-community due to the wide variation range of the band gap in these materials. Particularly, the processing of hetero-junction structures of InGaN/GaN and Si(p)/GaN(n) has been of great interest recently. In this work, the quality of GaN and InGaN thin films grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) on different substrate and buffer layers has been studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The PL measurements were processed as function of sample temperature and pump power. In the PL spectra it is possible to observe a strong near band-gap-edge emission and a broad blue, green and yellow luminescence (BL, GL, YL), which can be assigned to the presence of Ga and N vacancies, amorphous phases, deep level impurities and structural defects. The relative intensity between the different peaks of the bands related to defects or impurities was studied as a tool for quality control of the films.

Light Reflection by Cuticles of Chrysina Jewel Scarabs: Optical Measurements, Morphology Characterization, and Theoretical Modeling

Cuticles of some Chrysina scarabs are characterized by flat, graded, and twisted structures of nanosized chitin fibrils. As inferred from SEM images, each species has its own spatial period or pitch P which is dependent on the depth z through the cuticle. From Berreman’s formalism, taking into account the corresponding P(z) dependence, we evaluate reflection spectra of C. aurigans and C. chrysargyrea scarabs. The spectra display the main spectral features observed in the measured ones when small sections of the cuticles are illuminated with non-polarized light, for wavelengths between 300 and 1100 nm. By considering these twisted structures as 1D photonic crystals, an approach is developed to show how the broad band characterizing the reflection spectra arises from a narrow intrinsic photonic band width, whose spectral position moves through visible and near infrared wavelengths. The role of the epicuticle that covers the twisted structures is analyzed in terms of a waxy layer acting as an anti-reflecting coating that also shows low levels of light scattering.

Exactly Solvable Schrodinger Equation with Hypergeometric Wavefunctions

In this work, the canonical transformation method is applied to a general second order differential equation (DE) in order to trasform it into a Schr?dinger-like DE. Our proposal is based on an auxiliary function g(x) which determines the transformation needed to find exactly-solvable potentials associated to a known DE. To show the usefulness of the proposed approach, we consider explicitly their application to the hypergeometric DE with the aim to find quantum potentials with hypergeometric wavefunctions. As a result, different potentials are obtained depending on the choice of the auxiliary function;the generalized Scarf, Posh-Teller, Eckart and Rosen-Morse trigonometric and hyperbolic potentials, are derived by selecting g(x) as constant and proportional to the P(x) hypergeometric coefficient. Similarly, the choices g(x)~P(x)/x2 and g(x)~x2/P(x) give rise to a class of exactly-solvable generalized multiparameter exponential-type potentials, which contain as particular cases the Hulthén, Manning-Rosen and Woods-Saxon models, among others. Our proposition is general and can be used with other important DE within the frame of applied matematics and physics.

Majorana Neutrino Oscillations in Vacuum

In the context of a type I seesaw scenario which leads to get light left-handed and heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos, we obtain expressions for the transition probability densities between two flavor neutrinos in the cases of left-handed and right-handed neutrinos. We obtain these expressions in the context of an approach developed in the canonical formalism of Quantum Field Theory for neutrinos which are considered as superpositions of mass-eigenstate plane waves with specific momenta. The expressions obtained for the left-handed neutrino case after the ultra-relativistic limit is taking lead to the standard probability densities which describe light neutrino oscillations. For the right-handed neutrino case, the expressions describing heavy neutrino oscillations in the non-relativistic limit are different respect to the ones of the standard neutrino oscillations. However, the right-handed neutrino oscillations are phenomenologically restricted as is shown when the propagation of heavy neutrinos is considered as superpositions of mass-eigenstate wave packets.

Relativistic Treatment of Spinless Particles Subject to a Tietz-Wei Oscillator

The bound state solutions of the relativistic Klein-Gordon equation with the Tietz-Wei diatomic molecular potential are presented for the s wave. It is shown that the solutions can be expressed by the generalized hypergeometric functions. The normalized wavefunctions are also derived.

Coherent States for the Two-Dimensional Dirac-Moshinsky Oscillator Coupled to an External Magnetic Field

We show that the(2+l)-dimensional Dirac-Moshinsky oscillator coupled to an externa/ magnetic field can be treated algebraically with the SU(1,1) group theory and its group basis.We use the su(1,1) irreducible representation theory to find the energy spectrum and the eigenfunctions.Also,with the su(1,1) group basis we construct the relativistic coherent states in a closed form for this problem.

Ξ^-t quasibound state instead of ΛΛnn bound state

The coupledΛΛnn-Ξ-pnn system was studied to investigate whether the inclusion of channel coupling is able to bind theΛΛnn system.We use a separable potential three-body model of the coupledΛΛnn-Ξ-pnn system and a variational four-body calculation with realistic interactions.Our results exclude the possibility of aΛΛnn bound state by a large margin.Instead,we found aΞ-t quasibound state above theΛΛnn threshold.

Growing arugula plants using aeroponic culture with an automated irrigation system

The paper presents an efficient form of growing arugula plants by means of automatic control of an aeroponic culture irrigation system.The system considers a reprogrammable electronic circuit that uses software to generate different irrigation cycles to obtain an adequate growth of arugula crops.Results show how different samples grown in a greenhouse had the same growth behavior as field-grown samples during the test period.It was possible to obtain a more efficient and sustained five-week production to supply consumers by having a continuous cycle irrigation system,which was operated for 35 d.The growth and number of leaves were maintained in a similar way for different plants analyzed.Roots grow similarly,but some of them showed size differences during the five weeks.

Morse Potential in the Momentum Representation

The momentum representation of the Morse potential is presented analytically by hypergeometric function. The properties with respect to the momentum p and potential parameter β are studied. Note that | Ψ(p) | is a nodeless function and the mutual orthogonality of functions is ensured by the phase functions arg[Ψ(p)]. It is interesting to see that the | Ψ(p) | is symmetric with respect to the axis p = 0 and the number of wave crest of | Ψ(p) | is equal to n + 1. We also study the variation of | Ψ(p) | with respect to β. The amplitude of | Ψ(p) | first increases with the quantum number n and then deceases. Finally, we notice that the discontinuity in phase occurs at some points of the momentum p and the position and momentum probability densities are symmetric with respect to their arguments.