Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older

Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older adults.MET values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older adults.Results:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 PAs.From these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET_(60+)values for older adults.We developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET_(60+)values:https://pacompendium.com.Conclusion:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older adults.It is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find MET_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.

Association between ACTN3 R577X genotype and risk of non-contact injury in trained athletes:A systematic review

Purpose:The aim of this study was to review,systematically,evidence concerning the link between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and the rates and severity of non-contact injuries and exercise-induced muscle damage in athletes and individuals enrolled in exercise training programs.Methods:A computerized literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed,Web of Science,and SPORTDiscus,from inception until November 2020.All included studies compared the epidemiological characteristics of non-contact injury between the different genotypes of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism.Results:Our search identified 492 records.After the screening of titles,abstracts,and full texts,13 studies examining the association between the ACTN3 genotypes and the rate and severity of non-contact injury were included in the analysis.These studies were performed in 6 different countries(Spain,Japan,Brazil,China,the Republic of Korea,and Italy)and involved a total participant pool of 1093 participants.Of the studies,2 studies involved only women,5 studies involved only men,and 6 studies involved both men and women.All the studies included were classified as highquality studies(≥6 points in the Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro)scale score).Overall,evidence suggests there is an association between the ACTN3 R577X genotype and non-contact injury in 12 investigations.Six studies observed a significant association between A CTN3 R577X polymorphism and exercise induced muscle damage:2 with non-contact ankle injury,3 with non-contact muscle injury,and 1 with overall non-contact injury.Conclusion:The present findings support the premise that possessing the ACTN3 XX genotype may predispose athletes to a higher probability of some non-contact injuries,such as muscle injury,ankle sprains,and higher levels of exercise-induced muscle damage.

Physically active primary care physicians consult more on physical activity and exercise for patients: A public teaching-hospital study

Physical activity and exercise(PAE)improve quality of life and reduce the effects of chronic diseases.Primary care physicians(PCPs)play an important role to encourage PAE in patients.We aim to assess PCPs'current PAE consultation practices and their enablers/barriers in daily clinical practice.We had 64 PCPs(age[35.3±4.7]y,47 women)that completed self-administered questionnaires on PAE consultation practices,training,and confidence levels.PCPs(n=42)also completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form to assess their physical activity(PA)levels.We conducted correlation,one-way analysis of variance and a linear regression to assess the associations between enablers,barriers and PA levels to PAE consultation practices.On average,PCPs consulted on PAE in 49.7%of their daily clinical appointments.Majority of PCPs(70%)strongly agreed that more PAE knowledge were needed to increase consultation practices.Top three barriers related(p<0.001)to practices were lack of PAE education(r=0.47),patients’preference of pharmaceutical interventions(r=0.45)and lack of continuing education in PAE for PCPs(r=0.37).Physically active PCPs(health-enhancing PA levels,n=6)gave significantly more daily consultations in PAE,73.2%±21.9%,compared to inactive PCPs(n=13),37.4%
22.8%(p=0.013).In our regression output,PCPs who had higher PA levels consulted more on PAE daily(R^(2)=0.38,p<0.001)while controlling for age.Conclusion,PCPs require more knowledge on PAE and need be physically active themselves to increase PAE consultation for patients in their daily practice.Medical education should consider including more PA and exercise topics that may benefit both physicians and their patients.

A Multi-Constituent Pilot Study Improves Health Behaviors in Underserved Elementary Students

Few successful strategies address lifestyle and behavior change towards food and exercise among underserved children.Children spend the majority of their day in a school setting,providing an optimal environment to target behavior change with limited resources.Purpose This school-based pilot study was a collaborative effort among professionals from a state university,a county department of health,a county school system,and a nearby regional public hospital to improve knowledge,intentions,and self-efficacy about nutrition and physical activity among underserved children.Methods Thirty-three,fifth grade students were recruited from a low socioeconomic elementary school(Mean=10.55±0.56 years).Students were randomly assigned to a treatment(n=19),or control group(n=14)for 8 weeks.Once per week,the treatment group received 30 min of nutritional advice,and completed 30 min of functional exercises.Anthropometric and body composition assessments were made,and eating and physical activity behaviors were recorded using the CATCH Kids Club After-School Student Questionnaire at baseline,and at the end of week 8.A 2-way repeated-measure analysis of variance and paired-t tests with Bonferroni adjustments were used to analyze any differences.Results Physical activity,intentions,and knowledge for a healthy nutrition behavior increased significantly in the treatment group.However,causal inferences could not be made at this time.Conclusions This public sector partnership demonstrated that a simple school-based intervention can play a role in healthy choices among underserved children.