BACKGROUND Anastomotic leaks remain one of the most dreaded complications in gastrointestinal surgery causing significant morbidity,that negatively affect the patients’quality of life.Experimental studies play an imp...BACKGROUND Anastomotic leaks remain one of the most dreaded complications in gastrointestinal surgery causing significant morbidity,that negatively affect the patients’quality of life.Experimental studies play an important role in understanding the pathophysiological background of anastomotic healing and there are still many fields that require further investigation.Knowledge drawn from these studies can lead to interventions or techniques that can reduce the risk of anastomotic leak in patients with high-risk features.Despite the advances in experimental protocols and techniques,designing a high-quality study is still challenging for the investigators as there is a plethora of different models used.AIM To review current state of the art for experimental protocols in high-risk anastomosis in rats.METHODS This systematic review was performed according to The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.To identify eligible studies,a comprehensive literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed(MEDLINE)and Scopus,covering the period from conception until 18 October 2023.RESULTS From our search strategy 102 studies were included and were categorized based on the mechanism used to create a high-risk anastomosis.Methods of assessing anastomotic healing were extracted and were individually appraised.CONCLUSION Anastomotic healing studies have evolved over the last decades,but the findings are yet to be translated into human studies.There is a need for high-quality,well-designed studies that will help to the better understanding of the pathophysiology of anastomotic healing and the effects of various interventions.展开更多
Despite decades of dedicated resea rch,Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related and progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which the mechanisms of onset are sti unc ear.AD is cha racterized by featured histo...Despite decades of dedicated resea rch,Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related and progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which the mechanisms of onset are sti unc ear.AD is cha racterized by featured histological alterations including amyloid-beta (AB) plaque deposition,accumulation of neurofibrillary to ngles of hyperphosphorylated-tau,and neuronal loss,accompanied by progressive cognitive decline and behavioral changes.展开更多
The current study was performed to evaluate the liver function status as well as molecular characterization of the recovered worms in rats experimentally infected with F. hepatica. Sixteen male Wister rats aged 30 day...The current study was performed to evaluate the liver function status as well as molecular characterization of the recovered worms in rats experimentally infected with F. hepatica. Sixteen male Wister rats aged 30 days were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 8). The first group was infected orally with 15 viable encysted metacercaria of F. hepatica per animal. The other group was kept non-infected (control group). At zero time (before infection), the 2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, 6<sup>th</sup>, 8<sup>th</sup>, 10<sup>th</sup>, 12<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> weeks post-infection (WPI), blood and serum samples were collected via puncture of retro-orbital plexus of veins from each rat. Serum enzyme level (AST and ALT) and total protein were measured, and the serum protein profile was carried out using agarose gel electrophoresis. During the period of the experiment, serum ALT and AST activities and serum total globulins significantly increased while serum total proteins and albumin markedly decreased in the infected group. On the 14<sup>th</sup> WPI, the data of the electropherogram showed that globulin fractions (α1-, β- and γ-globulin) levels were significantly increased while α2-globulin was markedly decreased in the infected group. The molecular analysis confirmed the amplification of the ITS1, ITS2 and NDI genes of F. hepatica recovered from the infected liver of rats with amplicon sizes of 630, 510 and 560 bp, respectively. Sequencing of the amplified ITS gene resulted in the determination of 3 strains (PP108836, PP108837, and PP108838). Also, analysis of the ITS2 gene resulted in obtaining 3 isolates under the accession numbers (PP109065, PP109066, and PP109067). In conclusion, fasciolosis in the rat model is suitable for routine experimental infections and caused a pronounced liver dysfunction with discharging of the Fasciola eggs in the faeces and the development of adult stages in the bile ducts. Furthermore, molecular techniques are a sensitive tool for the identification and characterisation of the Fasciola parasite.展开更多
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key driver of cardiovascular disease(CVD)in metabolic syndrome and diabetes.This dysfunction promotes the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),which cause oxidative stress and infl...Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key driver of cardiovascular disease(CVD)in metabolic syndrome and diabetes.This dysfunction promotes the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),which cause oxidative stress and inflammation.Angiotensin II,the main mediator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,also contributes to CVD by promoting ROS production.Reduced activity of sirtuins(SIRTs),a family of proteins that regulate cellular metabolism,also worsens oxidative stress.Reduction of energy production by mitochondria is a common feature of all metabolic disorders.High SIRT levels and 5’adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling stimulate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 beta,which promotes ketosis.Ketosis,in turn,increases autophagy and mitophagy,processes that clear cells of debris and protect against damage.Sodiumglucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT2i),a class of drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes,have a beneficial effect on these mechanisms.Randomized clinical trials have shown that SGLT2i improves cardiac function and reduces the rate of cardiovascular and renal events.SGLT2i also increase mitochondrial efficiency,reduce oxidative stress and inflammation,and strengthen tissues.These findings suggest that SGLT2i hold great potential for the treatment of CVD.Furthermore,they are proposed as anti-aging drugs;however,rigorous research is needed to validate these preliminary findings.展开更多
Bamboo is an eco-friendly material with light weight,high strength,short growth cycle and high sustainability,which is widely used in building structures.Engineered bamboo has further promoted the development of moder...Bamboo is an eco-friendly material with light weight,high strength,short growth cycle and high sustainability,which is widely used in building structures.Engineered bamboo has further promoted the development of modern bamboo structures due to its unrestricted size and shape.However,as a fiber-reinforced material,fracture damage,especially Mode I fracture damage,becomes the most likely damage mode of its structure,so Mode I fracture characteristics are an important subject in the research of mechanical properties of bamboo.This paper summarizes the current status of experimental research on the Mode I fracture properties of bamboo based on the three-point bending(TPB)method,the single-edge notched beam(SENB)method,the compact tension(CT)method and the double cantilever beam(DCB)method,compares the fracture toughness of different species of bamboo,analyzes the toughening mechanisms and fracture damage modes,discusses the applicability of different theoretical calculation methods,and makes suggestions for future research priorities,aiming to provide a reference for future research and engineering applications in related fields.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of the combination of DMDD(2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2-5-diene-1-4-dione),a traditional Chinese medicine monomer,and sorafenib on the malignant biologica...Objective:To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of the combination of DMDD(2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2-5-diene-1-4-dione),a traditional Chinese medicine monomer,and sorafenib on the malignant biological behavior of human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells.Methods:The experiment was divided into four groups:Huh7 cells control group,DMDD group,sorafenib group and DMDD and sorafenib combination group.The CCK-8 assay was used to measure the viability of Huh7 cells,and the Kim's formula was used to determine the synergistic effect.The plate cloning experiment was conducted to test colony formation ability of Huh7 cells.The scratch and Transwell experiments were performed to evaluate the migration ability and the invasion ability of Huh7 cells.The cell cycle of Huh7 cells was detected by flow cytometry.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA transcription level and protein expression level of PHGDH in the serine synthesis pathway.Results:The plate cloning experiment,scratch experiment,and Transwell migration experiment showed that the combined application of DMDD and Sorafenib significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect on the proliferation,migration,and invasion ability of Huh7 cells compared to the control group,DMDD group,and Sorafenib group(P<0.05).According to the Kim's formula,the combination of DMDD(final concentrations of 2,4,8μmol/L)and Sorafenib(final concentrations of 1,2,4μmol/L)had a synergistic inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Huh7 cells(Q>1.15).6,10μmol/L DMDD combined with 3,5μmol/L Sorafenib showed additive effect.The cell cycle of Huh7 cells was detected by flow cytometry,and the results showed that after 48 hours of drug intervention,the proportion of G2/M phase cells in the control group,DMDD group,Sorafenib group,and combination group were(10.63±0.32)%,(35.77±1.22)%,(30.03±2.22)%,and(38.97±0.60)%,respectively.Compared with the control group,the proportion of G2/M phase cells in the three groups significantly increased(P<0.0001).Compared with the Sorafenib group,the proportion of G2/M phase cells in the combination group significantly increased(P<0.0001).RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that the combined application of DMDD and Sorafenib significantly inhibited the mRNA transcription level and protein expression level of PHGDH(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined application of DMDD and Sorafenib has a synergistic effect that can enhance the inhibitory effect on the proliferation,invasion,and migration ability of Huh7 cells.The mechanism of this effect is related to the synergistic inhibition of the gene transcription and protein expression of PHGDH in the serine synthesis pathway.展开更多
The supply and demand of laboratory animals for teaching in colleges and universities has its own internal characteristics.To grasp the supply and demand characteristics of laboratory animals for teaching is of vital ...The supply and demand of laboratory animals for teaching in colleges and universities has its own internal characteristics.To grasp the supply and demand characteristics of laboratory animals for teaching is of vital importance to the planning,supply and use of teaching animals,the realization of teaching objectives and the completion of teaching tasks.Based on the supply of teaching experimental animals and the work of animal experimental teaching in our university in recent years,this paper expounds the inherent characteristics and practice of supply and demand of teaching experimental animals.展开更多
Acute pancreatitis(AP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by acute inflammation and necrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma. AP is often associated with organ failure, sepsis, and high mortality. The pathogenesis ...Acute pancreatitis(AP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by acute inflammation and necrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma. AP is often associated with organ failure, sepsis, and high mortality. The pathogenesis of AP is still not well understood. In recent years several papers have highlighted the cellular and molecular events of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is initiated by activation of digestive enzymes within the acinar cells that are involved in autodigestion of the gland, followed by a massive infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages and release of inflammatory mediators, responsible for the local and systemic inflammatory response. The hallmark of AP is parenchymal cell necrosis that represents the cause of the high morbidity and mortality, so that new potential therapeutic approaches are indispensable for the treatment of patients at high risk of complications. However, not all factors that determine the onset and course of the disease have been explained. Aim of this article is to review the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.展开更多
Reaction textures and fluid inclusions in the -2.0 Ga pyroxene-bearing dehydration zones within the Sand River biotite-hornblende orthogneisses (Central Zone of the Limpopo Complex) suggest that the formation of the...Reaction textures and fluid inclusions in the -2.0 Ga pyroxene-bearing dehydration zones within the Sand River biotite-hornblende orthogneisses (Central Zone of the Limpopo Complex) suggest that the formation of these zones is a result of close interplay between dehydration process along ductile shear zones triggered by H2O-CO2-salt fluids at 750--800 ℃ and 5.5--6.2 kbar, partial melting, and later exsolution of residual brine and H2O-CO2 fluids during melt crystallization at 650--700 ℃. These processes caused local variations of water and alkali activity in the fluids, resulting in various mineral assemblages within the dehydration zone. The petrological observations are substantiated by experiments on the interaction of the Sand River gneiss with the H2O-CO2-(K, Na)Cl fluids at 750 and 800 ℃ and 5.5 kbar. It follows that the interaction of biotite-amphibole gneiss with H2O-CO2-(K, Na)CI fluids is accompanied by partial melting at 750--800 ℃. Orthopyroxene-bearing assemblages are characteristic for temperature 800 ℃ and are stable in equilibrium with fluids with low salt concentrations, while salt-rich fluids produce clinopyroxene-bearing assemblages. These observations are in good agreement with the petrological data on the dehydration zones within the Sand River olthogneisses.展开更多
Background: Osteoarthritis is a slowly progressive and debilitating disease with high prevalence in adult population. Knee is one of the joints most affected by this disorder. There are several models for animals’ os...Background: Osteoarthritis is a slowly progressive and debilitating disease with high prevalence in adult population. Knee is one of the joints most affected by this disorder. There are several models for animals’ osteoarthritis induction, however it is not identified any paper that compares these techniques. The present study was aimed to define the most appropriate model for rats osteoarthritis induction. Material and Methods: 40 Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups of 10 animals each: normality group (NG);meniscectomy group (MG);quinolone group (QG) and iodoacetate group (IG). Radiographic images of the rat’s knees were analyzed as well as the amount of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal and articular cartilage. Results: In the radiographic analysis, there was a low correlation between the raters. Regarding the amount of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal cartilage, it was noticed that the IG and QG groups had fewer chondrocytes than NG, in contrast to MG that reported similar results to normality (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between IG and QG groups (p > 0.05). Regarding the amount of chondrocytes in articular cartilage, it was noticed that the IG group showed fewer chondrocytes than NG (p 0.05). There was no significant difference between QG and MG groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Intraarticular injection of iodoacetate in rats is the model with greatest effect on reduction of chondrocytes amount.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the curative effect of Zhongyan No. II (ZY II ) in treating SIVmac251 infection in macaques monkeys and evaluate the anti-viral effect of the drug as well as its protection on organism. Metho...Objective: To investigate the curative effect of Zhongyan No. II (ZY II ) in treating SIVmac251 infection in macaques monkeys and evaluate the anti-viral effect of the drug as well as its protection on organism. Methods: Using SIVmac251 infected monkey model to detect the plasma SIVP 27 antigen level by viral isolation and ELISA; determine the T-lymphocyte subsets CD4 and CD8 by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, and investigate the serum content of neopterin and B2-mi-croglobulin B2-MG)by ELISA. The pathological examination was conducted as well. Results: ZY II展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Genni-anchun (GNC) in preventing primary osteoporosis. Methods: Fifty female SD rats of 10 - 12 months old were randomly divided into five groups. Except those in the sham operat...Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Genni-anchun (GNC) in preventing primary osteoporosis. Methods: Fifty female SD rats of 10 - 12 months old were randomly divided into five groups. Except those in the sham operation group, animals were ovariectomized bilaterally. The gastric perfusion was started immediately after operation, with normal saline to the sham operation group and model group; GNC to high dose (2 ml) and low dos (1 ml) GNC groups and Nilestriol to the NE group, every day for 3 months. Animals were sacrificed at the end of experiment, their vertebra and展开更多
Polysocoharibe-peptide of Coriolus Versicolor (PSP) is a new anti-cancer immunomodulative drug. The present paper reports on the experimental research done with this drug. It was found that PSP had the ability to reco...Polysocoharibe-peptide of Coriolus Versicolor (PSP) is a new anti-cancer immunomodulative drug. The present paper reports on the experimental research done with this drug. It was found that PSP had the ability to recover hemolysin HC50, to increase the weight of the thymus, and increase the alexin of serum C3 and the IgG content of tumor bearing mice. FSP also significantly raised the pha-gocytic activity of macrophages in normal mice. PSP had a significant inhibitory effect on P38S and S180 cells. At the concentration of 1 mg/ml, PSP inhibited the proliferating activity of some human tumor call lines, such as SGC 7901, SPC, SLY and Mei. It had a direct toxic effect on SPC cells. PSP significantly inhibited the synthesis of nucleic acids of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. In addition, PSP was antagonistic to the side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.展开更多
Since 1960, the Department of Pathophysio-logy of Shanghai Medical University has beenstudying the virology of experimental leukemia,the strains of L6565 mouse viral leukemia, SRSascitic and solid lymphoma and L783 tr...Since 1960, the Department of Pathophysio-logy of Shanghai Medical University has beenstudying the virology of experimental leukemia,the strains of L6565 mouse viral leukemia, SRSascitic and solid lymphoma and L783 transplan-table leukemia were established successively. Allof these tumor strains originated from the spon-taneous lymphocytic leukemia of Kunmin mouse(Figure 1). Type A and type C virus particlescould be observed in ultrathin sections of thymus,spleen and lymphonode of all these strains mouse展开更多
On the basis of the successful establishment of an animal model in tree shrews experimentally in fected with human hepatitis B virus (HHBV), a study on the hepatocarcinogenic effects of HHBV and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by...On the basis of the successful establishment of an animal model in tree shrews experimentally in fected with human hepatitis B virus (HHBV), a study on the hepatocarcinogenic effects of HHBV and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by using this animal model was conducted through a lifelong experiment. Among 41 tree shrews exposed to AFB1, 17 were experimentally infected by HHBV and 24 were uninfected. After 158 weeks, significant difference of primary liver cancer (PLC) incidence was present between the HHBV infected (52.94%) and uninfected (12.5%) groups (p<0.05). No difference was found between these two groups in the amount of AFB4 ingestion. Moreover, 1/9 of the tree shrews infected only by HHBV but not exposed to AFB4 developed PLC. No PLC was found in 6 tree shrews that had neither been infected with HHBV nor been exposed to AFB4. These results suggest the possible etiologic relationship between HHBV infection and PLC, as well as the synergetic effects of HHBV and AFB4 during PLC development.展开更多
That Ho cells in rat liver express desmin was confirmed by immunohistochemical technique. Consequently, changes of desmin-positive cells, lysozyme-positive cells and fibronectin were further studied in experimental ci...That Ho cells in rat liver express desmin was confirmed by immunohistochemical technique. Consequently, changes of desmin-positive cells, lysozyme-positive cells and fibronectin were further studied in experimental cirrhosis of rat. It was found that desmln- positive cells, with the transitional feature between Ito cells and myofibroblasts or fibrobiasts under electron microscope, increased in number and expression of desmin in the necrotic areas as well as in the cellular fibrous septa, but decreased in number in the fibrous septa except those areas closed to the edges of the septa. These results suggested that Ito cells, myofibroblasts and fibroblasts might belong to the same cellular system and play an important role in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. Meanwhile, it was also noted that changes of both fibronectin and lysozymepositive cells were correlated with those of desmin-positive cells. These provide evidence in vivo that flbronectin and Kupffer cells might exert certain effects on the migration and proliferation of Ito cells in liver cirrhosis.展开更多
Traditionally, the clonal evolution model has been used to explain gastric cancer (GC) growth dynamics. According to this model, GC cells result from multiple mutations over time resulting in a population of continual...Traditionally, the clonal evolution model has been used to explain gastric cancer (GC) growth dynamics. According to this model, GC cells result from multiple mutations over time resulting in a population of continually diversifying cells. This heterogeneity enables the survival of different clones under particular conditions allowing growth at metastatic locations or resistance to chemotherapeutics. Cancer stem cell (CSC) theory completely overturns this traditional understanding of cancer suggesting that only CSCs can self-renew and promote tumor growth. CSCs are relatively refractory to conventional therapies, thus explaining why anti-cancer therapies are far from curative and why relapses of cancer are frequent. The identification of the CSC component of a tumor might, thus, open new therapeutic perspective based on the selective targeting of this small population of cells. In this review we examine the current scientific evidence supporting the existence of CSC in gastric tumors and analyze the main unsolved questions of this difficult field of cancer research.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni) soluble worm proteins on gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice. METHODS:Colitis was induced by intrarect...AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni) soluble worm proteins on gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice. METHODS:Colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of trinitrobenzene sulphate(TNBS) and 6 h later,mice were treated ip with S.mansoni proteins.Experiments were performed 5 d after TNBS injection.Inflammationwas quantified using validated inflammation parameters. Gastric emptying and geometric center were measured to assess in vivo gastrointestinal motility.Peristaltic activity of distal colonic segments was studied in vitro using a modified Trendelenburg set-up.Cytokine profiles of T-lymphocytes isolated from the colon were determined by real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:Intracolonic injection of TNBS caused severe colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins significantly ameliorated colonic inflammation after 5 d.TNBS did not affect gastric emptying but significantly decreased the geometric center and impaired colonic peristaltic activity 5 d after the induction of colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins ameliorated these in vivo and in vitro motility disturbances.In addition,TNBS injection caused a downregulation of effector T cell cytokines after 5 d,whereas a S.mansoni protein effect was no longer observed at this time point. CONCLUSION:Treatment with S.mansoni proteins attenuated intestinal inflammation and ameliorated motility disturbances during murine experimental colitis.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the influence of infliximab (Remicade)on experimental colitis produced by 2,4,6,trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats.METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar rats were allocated into four groups (three g...AIM: To investigate the influence of infliximab (Remicade)on experimental colitis produced by 2,4,6,trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats.METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar rats were allocated into four groups (three groups of six animals each and a fourth of 12 animals). Six more healthy animals served as normal controls (Group 5). Group 1:colitis was induced by intracolonic installation of 25 mg of TNBS dissolved in 0.25 mL of 50% ethanol and infliximab was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW; Group 2: colitis was induced and infliximab was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW; Group 3: colitis was induced and infliximab was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW; Group 4: colitis was induced without treatment with infliximab. Infliximab was administered on d 2-6. On the 7th d, all animals were killed. The colon was fixed in 10%buffered formalin and examined by light microscopy for the presence and activity of colitis and the extent of tissue damage. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured.RESULTS: Significant differences concerning the presence of reparable lesions and the extent of bowel mucosa without active inflammation in all groups of animals treated with infliximab compared with controls were found. Significant reduction of the tissue levels of TNF-α in all groups of treated animals as compared withthe untreated ones was found (0.47±0.44, 1.09±0.86,0.43±0.31 vs 18.73±10.53 respectively). Significant reduction in the tissue levels of MDA was noticed in group 1 as compared to group 4, as well as between groups 2 and 4.CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous administration of infliximab reduces the inflammatory activity as well as tissue TNF-α and MDA levels in chemical colitis in rats.Infliximab at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW achieves better histological results and produces higher reduction of the levels of TNF-α than at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW.Infliximab at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW produces higher reduction of tissue MDA levels than at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Anastomotic leaks remain one of the most dreaded complications in gastrointestinal surgery causing significant morbidity,that negatively affect the patients’quality of life.Experimental studies play an important role in understanding the pathophysiological background of anastomotic healing and there are still many fields that require further investigation.Knowledge drawn from these studies can lead to interventions or techniques that can reduce the risk of anastomotic leak in patients with high-risk features.Despite the advances in experimental protocols and techniques,designing a high-quality study is still challenging for the investigators as there is a plethora of different models used.AIM To review current state of the art for experimental protocols in high-risk anastomosis in rats.METHODS This systematic review was performed according to The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.To identify eligible studies,a comprehensive literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed(MEDLINE)and Scopus,covering the period from conception until 18 October 2023.RESULTS From our search strategy 102 studies were included and were categorized based on the mechanism used to create a high-risk anastomosis.Methods of assessing anastomotic healing were extracted and were individually appraised.CONCLUSION Anastomotic healing studies have evolved over the last decades,but the findings are yet to be translated into human studies.There is a need for high-quality,well-designed studies that will help to the better understanding of the pathophysiology of anastomotic healing and the effects of various interventions.
基金supported by an under-40 grant from the Italian Association for Alzheimer’s Research [AIRALZH AGYR2021]the Strategic University Projects–Young Researcher Independence grant [YRG2021] from the Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma (Rome, Italy)(to LLB)+1 种基金Italian Ministry of Health [Research Grant:GR-2019-12370446]the American Alzheimer’s Association [AARG-22-922961](to PK)。
文摘Despite decades of dedicated resea rch,Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related and progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which the mechanisms of onset are sti unc ear.AD is cha racterized by featured histological alterations including amyloid-beta (AB) plaque deposition,accumulation of neurofibrillary to ngles of hyperphosphorylated-tau,and neuronal loss,accompanied by progressive cognitive decline and behavioral changes.
文摘The current study was performed to evaluate the liver function status as well as molecular characterization of the recovered worms in rats experimentally infected with F. hepatica. Sixteen male Wister rats aged 30 days were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 8). The first group was infected orally with 15 viable encysted metacercaria of F. hepatica per animal. The other group was kept non-infected (control group). At zero time (before infection), the 2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, 6<sup>th</sup>, 8<sup>th</sup>, 10<sup>th</sup>, 12<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> weeks post-infection (WPI), blood and serum samples were collected via puncture of retro-orbital plexus of veins from each rat. Serum enzyme level (AST and ALT) and total protein were measured, and the serum protein profile was carried out using agarose gel electrophoresis. During the period of the experiment, serum ALT and AST activities and serum total globulins significantly increased while serum total proteins and albumin markedly decreased in the infected group. On the 14<sup>th</sup> WPI, the data of the electropherogram showed that globulin fractions (α1-, β- and γ-globulin) levels were significantly increased while α2-globulin was markedly decreased in the infected group. The molecular analysis confirmed the amplification of the ITS1, ITS2 and NDI genes of F. hepatica recovered from the infected liver of rats with amplicon sizes of 630, 510 and 560 bp, respectively. Sequencing of the amplified ITS gene resulted in the determination of 3 strains (PP108836, PP108837, and PP108838). Also, analysis of the ITS2 gene resulted in obtaining 3 isolates under the accession numbers (PP109065, PP109066, and PP109067). In conclusion, fasciolosis in the rat model is suitable for routine experimental infections and caused a pronounced liver dysfunction with discharging of the Fasciola eggs in the faeces and the development of adult stages in the bile ducts. Furthermore, molecular techniques are a sensitive tool for the identification and characterisation of the Fasciola parasite.
文摘Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key driver of cardiovascular disease(CVD)in metabolic syndrome and diabetes.This dysfunction promotes the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),which cause oxidative stress and inflammation.Angiotensin II,the main mediator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,also contributes to CVD by promoting ROS production.Reduced activity of sirtuins(SIRTs),a family of proteins that regulate cellular metabolism,also worsens oxidative stress.Reduction of energy production by mitochondria is a common feature of all metabolic disorders.High SIRT levels and 5’adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling stimulate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 beta,which promotes ketosis.Ketosis,in turn,increases autophagy and mitophagy,processes that clear cells of debris and protect against damage.Sodiumglucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT2i),a class of drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes,have a beneficial effect on these mechanisms.Randomized clinical trials have shown that SGLT2i improves cardiac function and reduces the rate of cardiovascular and renal events.SGLT2i also increase mitochondrial efficiency,reduce oxidative stress and inflammation,and strengthen tissues.These findings suggest that SGLT2i hold great potential for the treatment of CVD.Furthermore,they are proposed as anti-aging drugs;however,rigorous research is needed to validate these preliminary findings.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51878354&51308301)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20181402&BK20130978)+3 种基金333 Talent High-Level Project of Jiangsu ProvinceQinglan Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsand the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Science Project of Jiangsu Province under Grant(No.2021ZD10)Any research results expressed in this paper are those of the writer(s)and do not necessarily reflect the views of the foundations.
文摘Bamboo is an eco-friendly material with light weight,high strength,short growth cycle and high sustainability,which is widely used in building structures.Engineered bamboo has further promoted the development of modern bamboo structures due to its unrestricted size and shape.However,as a fiber-reinforced material,fracture damage,especially Mode I fracture damage,becomes the most likely damage mode of its structure,so Mode I fracture characteristics are an important subject in the research of mechanical properties of bamboo.This paper summarizes the current status of experimental research on the Mode I fracture properties of bamboo based on the three-point bending(TPB)method,the single-edge notched beam(SENB)method,the compact tension(CT)method and the double cantilever beam(DCB)method,compares the fracture toughness of different species of bamboo,analyzes the toughening mechanisms and fracture damage modes,discusses the applicability of different theoretical calculation methods,and makes suggestions for future research priorities,aiming to provide a reference for future research and engineering applications in related fields.
基金This study was supported by National Natural Foundation Project of China(81860504)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of the combination of DMDD(2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2-5-diene-1-4-dione),a traditional Chinese medicine monomer,and sorafenib on the malignant biological behavior of human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells.Methods:The experiment was divided into four groups:Huh7 cells control group,DMDD group,sorafenib group and DMDD and sorafenib combination group.The CCK-8 assay was used to measure the viability of Huh7 cells,and the Kim's formula was used to determine the synergistic effect.The plate cloning experiment was conducted to test colony formation ability of Huh7 cells.The scratch and Transwell experiments were performed to evaluate the migration ability and the invasion ability of Huh7 cells.The cell cycle of Huh7 cells was detected by flow cytometry.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA transcription level and protein expression level of PHGDH in the serine synthesis pathway.Results:The plate cloning experiment,scratch experiment,and Transwell migration experiment showed that the combined application of DMDD and Sorafenib significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect on the proliferation,migration,and invasion ability of Huh7 cells compared to the control group,DMDD group,and Sorafenib group(P<0.05).According to the Kim's formula,the combination of DMDD(final concentrations of 2,4,8μmol/L)and Sorafenib(final concentrations of 1,2,4μmol/L)had a synergistic inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Huh7 cells(Q>1.15).6,10μmol/L DMDD combined with 3,5μmol/L Sorafenib showed additive effect.The cell cycle of Huh7 cells was detected by flow cytometry,and the results showed that after 48 hours of drug intervention,the proportion of G2/M phase cells in the control group,DMDD group,Sorafenib group,and combination group were(10.63±0.32)%,(35.77±1.22)%,(30.03±2.22)%,and(38.97±0.60)%,respectively.Compared with the control group,the proportion of G2/M phase cells in the three groups significantly increased(P<0.0001).Compared with the Sorafenib group,the proportion of G2/M phase cells in the combination group significantly increased(P<0.0001).RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that the combined application of DMDD and Sorafenib significantly inhibited the mRNA transcription level and protein expression level of PHGDH(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined application of DMDD and Sorafenib has a synergistic effect that can enhance the inhibitory effect on the proliferation,invasion,and migration ability of Huh7 cells.The mechanism of this effect is related to the synergistic inhibition of the gene transcription and protein expression of PHGDH in the serine synthesis pathway.
文摘The supply and demand of laboratory animals for teaching in colleges and universities has its own internal characteristics.To grasp the supply and demand characteristics of laboratory animals for teaching is of vital importance to the planning,supply and use of teaching animals,the realization of teaching objectives and the completion of teaching tasks.Based on the supply of teaching experimental animals and the work of animal experimental teaching in our university in recent years,this paper expounds the inherent characteristics and practice of supply and demand of teaching experimental animals.
文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by acute inflammation and necrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma. AP is often associated with organ failure, sepsis, and high mortality. The pathogenesis of AP is still not well understood. In recent years several papers have highlighted the cellular and molecular events of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is initiated by activation of digestive enzymes within the acinar cells that are involved in autodigestion of the gland, followed by a massive infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages and release of inflammatory mediators, responsible for the local and systemic inflammatory response. The hallmark of AP is parenchymal cell necrosis that represents the cause of the high morbidity and mortality, so that new potential therapeutic approaches are indispensable for the treatment of patients at high risk of complications. However, not all factors that determine the onset and course of the disease have been explained. Aim of this article is to review the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.
基金supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research(project 10-05-00040 to OGS)Russian President Grants for Young Scientists(MD-222.2012.5 to OGS)+1 种基金grant from the National Science Foundation of South Africa(GUN:20531 92 to DDvR)University of Johannesburg as a part of the Russian South African scientific collaboration
文摘Reaction textures and fluid inclusions in the -2.0 Ga pyroxene-bearing dehydration zones within the Sand River biotite-hornblende orthogneisses (Central Zone of the Limpopo Complex) suggest that the formation of these zones is a result of close interplay between dehydration process along ductile shear zones triggered by H2O-CO2-salt fluids at 750--800 ℃ and 5.5--6.2 kbar, partial melting, and later exsolution of residual brine and H2O-CO2 fluids during melt crystallization at 650--700 ℃. These processes caused local variations of water and alkali activity in the fluids, resulting in various mineral assemblages within the dehydration zone. The petrological observations are substantiated by experiments on the interaction of the Sand River gneiss with the H2O-CO2-(K, Na)Cl fluids at 750 and 800 ℃ and 5.5 kbar. It follows that the interaction of biotite-amphibole gneiss with H2O-CO2-(K, Na)CI fluids is accompanied by partial melting at 750--800 ℃. Orthopyroxene-bearing assemblages are characteristic for temperature 800 ℃ and are stable in equilibrium with fluids with low salt concentrations, while salt-rich fluids produce clinopyroxene-bearing assemblages. These observations are in good agreement with the petrological data on the dehydration zones within the Sand River olthogneisses.
文摘Background: Osteoarthritis is a slowly progressive and debilitating disease with high prevalence in adult population. Knee is one of the joints most affected by this disorder. There are several models for animals’ osteoarthritis induction, however it is not identified any paper that compares these techniques. The present study was aimed to define the most appropriate model for rats osteoarthritis induction. Material and Methods: 40 Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups of 10 animals each: normality group (NG);meniscectomy group (MG);quinolone group (QG) and iodoacetate group (IG). Radiographic images of the rat’s knees were analyzed as well as the amount of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal and articular cartilage. Results: In the radiographic analysis, there was a low correlation between the raters. Regarding the amount of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal cartilage, it was noticed that the IG and QG groups had fewer chondrocytes than NG, in contrast to MG that reported similar results to normality (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between IG and QG groups (p > 0.05). Regarding the amount of chondrocytes in articular cartilage, it was noticed that the IG group showed fewer chondrocytes than NG (p 0.05). There was no significant difference between QG and MG groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Intraarticular injection of iodoacetate in rats is the model with greatest effect on reduction of chondrocytes amount.
文摘Objective: To investigate the curative effect of Zhongyan No. II (ZY II ) in treating SIVmac251 infection in macaques monkeys and evaluate the anti-viral effect of the drug as well as its protection on organism. Methods: Using SIVmac251 infected monkey model to detect the plasma SIVP 27 antigen level by viral isolation and ELISA; determine the T-lymphocyte subsets CD4 and CD8 by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, and investigate the serum content of neopterin and B2-mi-croglobulin B2-MG)by ELISA. The pathological examination was conducted as well. Results: ZY II
文摘Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Genni-anchun (GNC) in preventing primary osteoporosis. Methods: Fifty female SD rats of 10 - 12 months old were randomly divided into five groups. Except those in the sham operation group, animals were ovariectomized bilaterally. The gastric perfusion was started immediately after operation, with normal saline to the sham operation group and model group; GNC to high dose (2 ml) and low dos (1 ml) GNC groups and Nilestriol to the NE group, every day for 3 months. Animals were sacrificed at the end of experiment, their vertebra and
文摘Polysocoharibe-peptide of Coriolus Versicolor (PSP) is a new anti-cancer immunomodulative drug. The present paper reports on the experimental research done with this drug. It was found that PSP had the ability to recover hemolysin HC50, to increase the weight of the thymus, and increase the alexin of serum C3 and the IgG content of tumor bearing mice. FSP also significantly raised the pha-gocytic activity of macrophages in normal mice. PSP had a significant inhibitory effect on P38S and S180 cells. At the concentration of 1 mg/ml, PSP inhibited the proliferating activity of some human tumor call lines, such as SGC 7901, SPC, SLY and Mei. It had a direct toxic effect on SPC cells. PSP significantly inhibited the synthesis of nucleic acids of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. In addition, PSP was antagonistic to the side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
文摘Since 1960, the Department of Pathophysio-logy of Shanghai Medical University has beenstudying the virology of experimental leukemia,the strains of L6565 mouse viral leukemia, SRSascitic and solid lymphoma and L783 transplan-table leukemia were established successively. Allof these tumor strains originated from the spon-taneous lymphocytic leukemia of Kunmin mouse(Figure 1). Type A and type C virus particlescould be observed in ultrathin sections of thymus,spleen and lymphonode of all these strains mouse
文摘On the basis of the successful establishment of an animal model in tree shrews experimentally in fected with human hepatitis B virus (HHBV), a study on the hepatocarcinogenic effects of HHBV and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by using this animal model was conducted through a lifelong experiment. Among 41 tree shrews exposed to AFB1, 17 were experimentally infected by HHBV and 24 were uninfected. After 158 weeks, significant difference of primary liver cancer (PLC) incidence was present between the HHBV infected (52.94%) and uninfected (12.5%) groups (p<0.05). No difference was found between these two groups in the amount of AFB4 ingestion. Moreover, 1/9 of the tree shrews infected only by HHBV but not exposed to AFB4 developed PLC. No PLC was found in 6 tree shrews that had neither been infected with HHBV nor been exposed to AFB4. These results suggest the possible etiologic relationship between HHBV infection and PLC, as well as the synergetic effects of HHBV and AFB4 during PLC development.
文摘That Ho cells in rat liver express desmin was confirmed by immunohistochemical technique. Consequently, changes of desmin-positive cells, lysozyme-positive cells and fibronectin were further studied in experimental cirrhosis of rat. It was found that desmln- positive cells, with the transitional feature between Ito cells and myofibroblasts or fibrobiasts under electron microscope, increased in number and expression of desmin in the necrotic areas as well as in the cellular fibrous septa, but decreased in number in the fibrous septa except those areas closed to the edges of the septa. These results suggested that Ito cells, myofibroblasts and fibroblasts might belong to the same cellular system and play an important role in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. Meanwhile, it was also noted that changes of both fibronectin and lysozymepositive cells were correlated with those of desmin-positive cells. These provide evidence in vivo that flbronectin and Kupffer cells might exert certain effects on the migration and proliferation of Ito cells in liver cirrhosis.
文摘Traditionally, the clonal evolution model has been used to explain gastric cancer (GC) growth dynamics. According to this model, GC cells result from multiple mutations over time resulting in a population of continually diversifying cells. This heterogeneity enables the survival of different clones under particular conditions allowing growth at metastatic locations or resistance to chemotherapeutics. Cancer stem cell (CSC) theory completely overturns this traditional understanding of cancer suggesting that only CSCs can self-renew and promote tumor growth. CSCs are relatively refractory to conventional therapies, thus explaining why anti-cancer therapies are far from curative and why relapses of cancer are frequent. The identification of the CSC component of a tumor might, thus, open new therapeutic perspective based on the selective targeting of this small population of cells. In this review we examine the current scientific evidence supporting the existence of CSC in gastric tumors and analyze the main unsolved questions of this difficult field of cancer research.
基金Supported by The Fund of Scientific Research(FWO),Flanders, Project G.0134.07the University of Antwerp,BOF Grant FA02/3/3257
文摘AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni) soluble worm proteins on gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice. METHODS:Colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of trinitrobenzene sulphate(TNBS) and 6 h later,mice were treated ip with S.mansoni proteins.Experiments were performed 5 d after TNBS injection.Inflammationwas quantified using validated inflammation parameters. Gastric emptying and geometric center were measured to assess in vivo gastrointestinal motility.Peristaltic activity of distal colonic segments was studied in vitro using a modified Trendelenburg set-up.Cytokine profiles of T-lymphocytes isolated from the colon were determined by real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:Intracolonic injection of TNBS caused severe colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins significantly ameliorated colonic inflammation after 5 d.TNBS did not affect gastric emptying but significantly decreased the geometric center and impaired colonic peristaltic activity 5 d after the induction of colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins ameliorated these in vivo and in vitro motility disturbances.In addition,TNBS injection caused a downregulation of effector T cell cytokines after 5 d,whereas a S.mansoni protein effect was no longer observed at this time point. CONCLUSION:Treatment with S.mansoni proteins attenuated intestinal inflammation and ameliorated motility disturbances during murine experimental colitis.
文摘AIM: To investigate the influence of infliximab (Remicade)on experimental colitis produced by 2,4,6,trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats.METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar rats were allocated into four groups (three groups of six animals each and a fourth of 12 animals). Six more healthy animals served as normal controls (Group 5). Group 1:colitis was induced by intracolonic installation of 25 mg of TNBS dissolved in 0.25 mL of 50% ethanol and infliximab was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW; Group 2: colitis was induced and infliximab was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW; Group 3: colitis was induced and infliximab was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW; Group 4: colitis was induced without treatment with infliximab. Infliximab was administered on d 2-6. On the 7th d, all animals were killed. The colon was fixed in 10%buffered formalin and examined by light microscopy for the presence and activity of colitis and the extent of tissue damage. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured.RESULTS: Significant differences concerning the presence of reparable lesions and the extent of bowel mucosa without active inflammation in all groups of animals treated with infliximab compared with controls were found. Significant reduction of the tissue levels of TNF-α in all groups of treated animals as compared withthe untreated ones was found (0.47±0.44, 1.09±0.86,0.43±0.31 vs 18.73±10.53 respectively). Significant reduction in the tissue levels of MDA was noticed in group 1 as compared to group 4, as well as between groups 2 and 4.CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous administration of infliximab reduces the inflammatory activity as well as tissue TNF-α and MDA levels in chemical colitis in rats.Infliximab at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW achieves better histological results and produces higher reduction of the levels of TNF-α than at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW.Infliximab at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW produces higher reduction of tissue MDA levels than at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW.