Two chemical mutagens modulate the seed germination,growth,and phenotypic characteristics of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)

Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook),a fast-growing and economically important timber tree species in China,is widely used in construction,furniture,and paper manufacture but has a long breeding cycle.Chemical mutagens,such as ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)and sodium azide(SA),are widely used in crops such as rice,wheat,cotton,soybean and sugarcane but their utility for tree breeding is unknown.In this study we examined the effects of EMS and S A on Chinese fir seed germination and growth.Chinese fir seeds were treated with the two chemical mutagens;were planted in Jiangle County,Fujian Province,China;and their heights were measured from 2011 to2017.The concentrations and durations of treatment with the two chemical mutagens were significantly associated with the Chinese fir seedling and mortality rates,as well as with the heights of trees from the seedling stage to 3 years old.We also generated 127 mutants with abnormal branches and reproductive growth.We report here the effects of two chemical mutagens on Chinese fir breeding;our data will contribute to knowledge of the utility of EMS and SA in forestry.

Two new species of Eurytoma(Hymenoptera:Eurytomidae),parasitoids of Bradybatus sp.(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)damaging seeds of Acer truncatum in China

Two new species of Eurytoma,E.truncatumi Yang,Liu&Cao,sp.nov.and E.acutibialis Yang,Liu&Cao,sp.nov.,are described and illustrated,as the solitary larval and pupal ectoparasitoid of Bradybatus sp.(Coleoptera:Curculionidae),a serious pest of purpleblow maple,Acer truncatum Bunge(Aceraceae).Photographs of the characters of the new species were provided.Typical materials were deposited in Insect Museum,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing.The biological characters observed and their biocontrol potential were also discussed.

金属卤化物钙钛矿材料生长方法研究进展

钙钛矿材料尤其是金属卤化物钙钛矿具有优异的性能,如较大的光系数、较高的载流子迁移率、较长的载流子寿命、可调谐的电阻率、较大的X射线衰减系数和简单的处理工艺等.这些优点使得钙钛矿材料在光电领域,如太阳能电池、发光二极管、光电探测器、X/γ射线探测器和激光等研究领域引起了广泛关注.钙钛矿材料的广泛应用依赖于高质量的钙钛矿晶体或薄膜.截至目前,已经涌现出众多的钙钛矿生长技术和方法.本综述分类总结了近年来用于钙钛矿材料生长的主要方法和手段,包括溶液降温法、逆温结晶法、反溶剂法、旋涂法和化学气相沉积法等.通过总结与分析,发现溶液降温法、逆温结晶法、反溶剂法主要用于生长高质量的钙钛矿单晶,旋涂法在制备钙钛矿薄膜方面具有较大优势,而化学气相沉积法则在制备多种形貌的微纳钙钛矿材料方面占据优势.本综述可为科研人员在钙钛矿材料生长方面提供可参考的依据和具体参数.

非铅钙钛矿的合成、性质和应用

卤化铅钙钛矿由于具有高吸收系数、高载流子迁移率、高缺陷容忍度和高光致发光效率等优异的光电子性能,近年来引起了人们的广泛关注.然而,阻碍其广泛应用的一个关键问题是铅元素引起的毒性.为了解决这一问题,使用其他无毒元素替代铅是一个很有前途的研究方向.在综合考虑原子半径、相对原子质量、电子排布等条件下,以锡、铋、锑等元素代替铅的类钙钛矿已被广泛合成.本文从制备方法、光电性质、器件应用等几个方面综述了这几类非铅基钙钛矿.首先,介绍了非铅基钙钛矿主要的制备方法:溶液法、固相反应法和化学气相沉积法;其次,从不同结构维度讨论了非铅基钙钛矿的光电性能及其性能优化方法;最后,讨论了非铅基钙钛矿在太阳能电池、发光二极管和X射线探测器中的应用.希望本综述能给未来非铅钙钛矿的研究和发展提供一定的参考价值.