SOME EULER SPACES OF DIFFERENCE SEQUENCES OF ORDER m

Kizmaz [13] studied the difference sequence spaces ∞（A）, c（A）, and co（A）. Several article dealt with the sets of sequences of m-th order difference of which are bounded, convergent, or convergent to zero. Altay and Basar [5] and Altay, Basar, and Mursaleen [7] introduced the Euler sequence spaces e0^r, ec^r, and e∞^r, respectively. The main purpose of this article is to introduce the spaces e0^r△^（m））, ec^r△^（m））, and e∞^r△^（m））consisting of all sequences whose mth order differences are in the Euler spaces e0^r, ec^r, and e∞^r, respectively. Moreover, the authors give some topological properties and inclusion relations, and determine the α-, β-, and γ-duals of the spaces e0^r△^（m））, ec^r△^（m））, and e∞^r△^（m））, and the Schauder basis of the spaces e0^r△^（m））, ec^r△^（m））. The last section of the article is devoted to the characterization of some matrix mappings on the sequence space ec^r△^（m））.

Lower folate levels in gastric cancer:Is it a cause or a result?

Folate deficiency and its association with cancer have been studied in the literature, but its clinical impact is still unknown. Folate deficiency and its result on gastric cancer is a mysterious part of oncology, with ongoing studies hopefully clarifying its impact on gastric cancer management. Lee et al studied folate deficiency and its impact on staging and clinical results. Here we try to contribute to the field by expressing our own thoughts about the paper.

内在延续的通透空间——飘带屋

这是一个旧别墅及景观花园改造项目．基地位于小山坡上．站在其中可以一览无余地俯瞰南中国海的景色。设计师的目光聚焦于如何通过特定的手法重新设计外立面和室内空间．实现两者之间和谐的一致性。

幽门螺杆菌在胰岛素抵抗中的效应

Helicobacter pylori causes a lifelong infection in the stomach after exposure. H. pylori has been shown to be associated with peptic ulcer and gastric cancer development. Moreover, it is held responsible for some other nongastric diseases. Among them, coronary heart disease attracts much debate. Many studies have demonstrated a close relationship between insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Chronic inflammation and alterations in counter-regulatory hormones are deemed responsible for the etiology of insulin resistance. We aimed to examine the effect of H. pylori on insulin resistance. Sixty-three patients were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to H. pylori presence. HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) level was used to assess insülin resistance. Thirty-six patients were H. pylori positive and 27 were H. pylori negative. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to age, gender, or body mass index. HOMA-IR level was 1.73±.1.1inthe H. pylori-negative group, whereas it was 2.56 ±.1.54 in the H. pylori-positive group (P < 0.05). This study provides the first direct evidence for an association between chronic H. pylori infection and insulin resistance.

24例左侧门脉高压报道:一项单中心前瞻性队列研究

Our aim was to analyze patients diagnosed with left-sided portal hypertension prospectively and to document the complications at follow-up. Twenty-four patients with isolated splenic vein thrombosis (diagnosed by ultrasonography or angiography or intraoperatively) and/or isolated fundal varices (diagnosed by endoscopy or endosonography) were involved in this study. Demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and morbidity and mortality were recorded in their follow-up. There were 11 and 13 left-sided portal hypertension cases associated with pancreatic diseases and nonpancreatic disorders, respectively. Chronic abdominal pain and gastroin-testinal bleeding were the two most common complaints. All patients except one had isolated esophageal (2 cases) or fundal (21 cases) varices. Thirteen patients had splenomegaly on ultrasonography. On Doppler sonography, the splenic vein could be evaluated in 21 of the 24 patients (9 and 6 had complete and partial occlusion, respectively, and 6 had patent blood flow). Urgent intervention with the- rapeutic endoscopy and splenectomy was performed for two patients each. Medical therapy was begun for three patients according to the underlying diseases. Three patients underwent elective surgery. Two patients were lost to follow-up after the first visit and the mean follow-up of the remaining 22 patients after diagnosis of left-sided portal hypertension was 20 months. Only one patient (with pancreas cancer) had gastrointestinal bleeding at follow-up. All patients with pancreas and gastric cancer died within 2-12 months. Left-sided portal hypertension has various etiologies. It may be difficult to diagnose this entity both endoscopically and radiologically. Treatment should be directed at the underlying diseases. Recurrent hemorrhage due to left-sided portal hypertension is not usual and the prognosis depends mainly on the underlying etiology.

同种异体造血干细胞移植后皮肤移植物抗宿主病的临床表现

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicalmanifestations of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developed after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation. In all, 67 patients were evaluated: 49 patients developed acute GVHD, 17 patients developed de novo chronic GVHD and 29 developed secondary chronic (15 limited, 14 progressive) GVHD following acute cutaneous GVHD. Of the 46 patients with chronic GVHD, lichenoid lesions were observed in 32 and sclerodermoid lesions were observed in 12. In four patients with sclerodermoid cutaneous GVHD, these lesions occurred after a lichenoid phase. Oral lesions were present in 61%of the patients and six of them had only oral mucosal involvement without any skin lesions. Nail lesions were observed in 31%of the patients. During the follow-up period 15 patients with GVHD died and in 7 of them the cause of death was related to chronic GVHD. In conclusion, GVHD has a wide spectrum of cutaneous manifestations, which can be used as an important tool for the early diagnosis of the disease.

表现为白塞病样皮损的大疱性坏疽性脓皮病伴发Crohn病

A 47-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of generalized arthralgia and a 10-day history of oral aphthous ulcers. After hospitalization, papulopustular lesions and perianal ulcerations developed. Pathergy test was positive and ophthalmological examination was normal. The presence of oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcerations, papulopustular lesions and arthralgia, and the positive pathergy test suggested the diagnosis of disease (BD). In a few days, positive pathergy reactions and papulopustular lesions evolved into bullous lesions, whichwere diagnosed dermatopathologicallyas pyoderma gangrenosum. Two days after the presentation of papulopustular lesions, the patient experienced diarrhoea accompanied by bloody stools and mucus. Histopathological examination of biopsy specimens showed no vasculitis but revealed findings suggestive of Crohn’ s disease. The patient responded well to treatment with systemic steroids and 5-aminosalicylic acid. Our case demonstrates that the differential diagnosis of BD and inflammatory bowel disease may be perplexing and that these two diseases may be closely related.

Finite-Size Scaling Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Blume-Capel Model in the Presence of External Magnetic Field

The Blume-Capel model in the presence of external magnetic field H has been simulated using a cellular automaton algorithm improved from the Creutz cellular automaton in three-dimension lattice. The field critical exponent 5 is estimated using the power law relations and the finite size scaling functions for the magnetization and the susceptibility in the range -0.1≤ h = H/J ≤0. The estimated value of the field critical exponent 5 is in good agreement with the universal value （δ = 5） in three dimensions. The simulations are carried out on a simple cubic lattice under periodic boundary conditions.

Numerical evaluation of an autofrettaged thick-walled cylinder under dynamically applied axially non-uniform internal service pressure distribution

A dynamical moving pressure structural numerical calculation model using the internal ballistics calculation pressure-time results was constituted and the vicinity of the internal ballistics and quasiinternal ballistics structural model was checked. The Von Mises stresses obtained by the dynamical structural numerical model calculations and the Von Mises stresses calculated from the shot test strain measurements were compared. The difference for the worse case was 20% and for the best case was 0.1%.Furthermore, the model gave better agreement for the higher charge masses. The numerical structural quasi-internal ballistics computation model created was verified for the top charge mass which represents the highest stress condition and used in a gun barrel design.

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Geodynamic significance and genesis of chromitites from the Islahiye ophiolite(Gaziantep,SE Anatolia)as constrained by platinum group element(PGE)compositions and mineral chemistry characteristics

Chromitites associated with intensely altered dunites and harzburgites from fourteen dif ferent localities in the Islahiye ophiolites(SE Anatolia)is reported here for the first time.These chromitites were observed as lenticular and banded bodies with disseminated and massive textures and containing magnesiochromite grains with the following composition:CrO=58.91–59.74 wt%,Al_(2)O_(3)=10.85–11.20 wt%,and TiO=0.09–0.13 wt%.The Mg#[Mg/(Mg+Fe)]values of magnesiochromite from the Islahiye ophiolite range between 0.52 and 0.60 and their Cr#[Cr/(Cr+Al)]values vary from 0.7802 to 0.7844.These contents vary with a constant pattern,coincident with the estimated parental liquids that have originated from the derivative of a single bulk of boninitic magma together with Al,Ti-poor,and Cr-rich initial contents.The chromitites are serpentinised in almost all parts of the study area,and harzburgite and dunite can be observed in different locations.Although the overall composition of platinum group elements(PGE)in most examined chromitites varies between 97 and 191 ppb,three chromitites from the Islahiye region present enrichments in overall PGE(up to 214 ppb).The mineralogical and geochemical features of chromitites from the Islahiye region exhibit a robust similarity to podiform chromitites in the mantle fragment of supra–subduction zone type ophiolitic bodies.The estimated parental magmas of the investigated chromites are consistent with the diff erentiation of arcrelated melts and do not suggest an oceanic spreading centre tectonic environment.The Islahiye chromites are enriched in IPGE(Ir,Os,Ru),with the occasional presence of Ru and Ir and higher Os contents in chromite.Furthermore,we did not find any platinum group minerals(PGM)associated with the serpentine silicate sample matrix,which would have stated a secondary enrichment in PGEs.All chromitites in the investigated region have high Cr and low Ti values,are defined as magnesiochromite and were crystallised from a characteristic boninitic magma.

Asymptotic iteration approach to supersymmetric bistable potentials

We examine quasi exactly solvable bistable potentials and their supersymmetric partners within the framework of the asymptotic iteration method （AIM）. It is shown that the AIM produces excellent approximate spectra and that sometimes it is found to be more useful to use the partner potential for computation. We also discuss the direct application of the AIM to the Fokker-Planck equation.

Thermal Properties of Some Turkish Peloids and Clay Minerals for Their Use in Pelotherapy

The thermal properties such as specific heat capacity and heat dissipation of peloids play an important role in therapeutic applications. Therefore, these properties were determined on the peloids samples taken from spas where peloid applications are used in Turkey. In addition, some pure clay minerals were investigated to determine their suitability as possible constituents of therapeutic peloids and to make recommendations for preparing the most usable peloids for thermal therapy. For this aim, the mineralogical and thermal properties of samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The mineralogical compositions of the peloid samples are not homogenous, and their clay mineral content is approximately 60%, and the most abundant clay mineral is calcium montmorillonite. The cooling time of peloids are between 20 and 25 minutes, which is suitable for therapy and thus these peloids are suitable for using in health problems requiring heat treatment. The samples have favorable heat dissipation capacity and partially cooling kinetics. Specific heat capacity of the peloid samples is partially appropriate for heat therapy and these values range from 0.60 to 1.41 J/g·°C, and partially high in peloids with high smectite content. The pure sepiolite samples have higher heat dissipation properties than those of other clay minerals especially illites and kaolinites. Ca-montmorillonite and kaolinite have the lowest specific heat values while sepiolite samples have higher values. Sepiolite and partly Na-Ca-montmorillonite are more appropriate than the other studied clay minerals as a peloid constituent especially for therapy of musculoskeletal pain.

表现为急腹症的内脏幼虫移行症患儿

An unusual presentation of visceral larva migrans observed in a patient is reported. A 5-year-old boy suffering fever,abdominal pain,tenderness,and rigidity in the right lower and upper quadrant of the abdomen was operated on,with the false diagnosis of acute abdomen,and exploratory surgery was carried out. The pathological examination of the liver biopsy revealed eosinophil-rich necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with Toxocara spp larva. The diagnosis was also confirmed by serologic results. Clinicians should remember that toxocaral visceral larva migrans may rarely mimic an acute abdomen and cause unnecessary operations.

利凡斯明治疗与帕金森病相关的痴呆

BACKGROUND: Cholinergic deficits are prominent in patients who have dementia associated with Parkinson s disease. We investigated the effects of the dual c holinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine in such patients. METHODS: Patients in whom mild to moderate dementia developed at least 2 years after they received a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson s disease were randomly assigned to receive pl acebo or 3 to 12 mg of rivastigmine per day for 24 weeks. Primary efficacy varia bles were the scores for the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer s Disease Ass essment Scale (ADAS cog) and Alzheimer s Disease Cooperative Study Clinici an s Global Impression of Change (ADCS CGIC). Secondary clinical outcomes we re the scores for the Alzheimer s Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Da ily Living, the 10 item Neuropsychiatric Inventory, the Mini Mental State Ex amination, Cognitive Drug Research power of attention tests, the Verbal Fluency test, and the Ten Point Clock Drawing test. RESULTS: A total of 541 patients w ere enrolled, and 410 completed the study. The outcomes were better among patien ts treated with rivastigmine than among those who received placebo; however, the differences between these two groups were moderate and similar to those reporte d in trials of rivastigmine for Alzheimer s disease. Rivastig mine treated patients had a mean improvement of 2.1 points in the score for the 70 point A DAS cog, from a baseline score of 23.8, as compared with a 0.7 point worseni ng in the placebo group, from a baseline score of 24.3 (P < 0.001). Clinically m eaningful improvements in the scores for the ADCS CGIC were observed in 19.8 p ercent of patients in the rivastigmine group and 14.5 percent of those in the pl acebo group, and clinically meaningful worsening was observed in 13.0 percent an d 23.1 percent, respectively (mean score at 24 weeks, 3.8 and 4.3, respectively; P=0.007). Significantly better outcomes were seen with rivastigmine with respec t to all secondary efficacy variables. The most frequent adverse events were nau sea (affecting 29.0 percent of patients in the rivastigmine group and 11.2 perce nt of those in the placebo group, P < 0.001), vomiting (16.6 and 1.7 percent, P < 0.001), and tremor (10.2 and 3.9 percent, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this placebo con trolled study, rivastigmine was associated with moderate improvements in dementi a associated with Parkinson s disease but also with higher rates of nausea, vo miting, and tremor.

昔多芬对眼部血流的影响

Purpose: To investigate the effects of sildenafil, a popular new drug in the t reatment of erectile dysfunction, on ocular blood flow. Methods: This study was designed as a prosp ective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Twenty participants with ere ctile dysfunction were given a single oral dose of 100 mg sildenafil, while 10 p articipants with erectile dysfunction were given placebo. All the participants u nderwent routine systemic and ophthalmological examinations. Intraocular pressur e, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and ocular blood flow (ophthalmic, cent ral retinal, short posterior ciliary arteries) were measured in both eyes before and 1 hour after the dose of sildenafil or placebo. Ocular blood flow measureme nts were performed using colour Doppler ultrasonography. Results: None of the pa rameters were significantly different between the groups before study drug intak e. Although central retinal artery velocitieswere not changed,ophthalmic artery and short posterior ciliary artery peak systolic velocity,end-diastolic velocit y, and mean velocity values were significantly increased 1 hour after drug intak e in the sildenafil group compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sildenafil causes a significant increase in blood flow in these arteries. A poss ible role of inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 in vascular smooth muscles by si ldenafil is implicated. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of sildenafil on ocular blood flow in patients with senile macular degeneration, d iabetic retinopathy and glaucoma.

谷胱甘肽S转移酶M1阳性基因型能否防止原发性开角型青光眼

Purpose: To find out whether the polymorphism at GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 loci is associated with increased susceptibility to glaucoma. Methods: We genotyped 15 3 primary open angle patients and 159 healthy controls. Genomic DNA from periphe ral blood was examined using polymerase chain reaction and defined for the genet ic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase. Results: The frequency of theGST M1 null genotype individuals among the glaucoma patients was significanlty highe r than in controls (54.9 vs 40.9%) with odds ratio of 1.64 (95%CI: 1.10-2.59) . The frequency of the GSTT1 and GSTP1 in both groups were not statistically dif ferent. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the GSTM1 null genotype may be a genetic risk factor for development of primary open angle glaucoma. Further associations studies in other polymorphic genes for xenobiotic-metabolizing en zymes are needed to elucidate the environmental-genetic interaction in the unde rlying cause of primary open angle glaucoma.

青春期男孩的双侧睾丸特发性良性肿大:1例病例报道和文献回顾

We present a case of 12- year-old boy with idiopathic benign bilateral testicular enlargement. We eliminated precocious puberty, juvenile hypothyroidism, adrenal rest tumors, X-linked mental retardation, and bilateral testicular neoplasms. The clinical and laboratory features and differential diagnosis of benign bilateral testicular enlargement are discussed.

氧化应激酶在开角型青光眼患者中的作用

Purpose: To investigate the role of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Materials and methods: The activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), and the levels of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 40 (15 men and 25 women) patients with POAG and 60 (30 men and 30 women)-healthy controls. Results: Therewas no significant difference in the activities of CAT andMPO between the POAG patients and the controls. However, the plasmaMDA level was significantly higher in patients than the controls. Conclusion: The results of this preliminary study suggest that the possible alterations of plasmaMDA levels may be associated with the pathogenesis of POAG, but further research is needed to understand the role of oxidative damage in this important disorder of aging.