Generally,conventional methods for anomaly detection rely on clustering,proximity,or classification.With themassive growth in surveillance videos,outliers or anomalies find ingenious ways to obscure themselves in the ...Generally,conventional methods for anomaly detection rely on clustering,proximity,or classification.With themassive growth in surveillance videos,outliers or anomalies find ingenious ways to obscure themselves in the network and make conventional techniques inefficient.This research explores the structure of Graph neural networks(GNNs)that generalize deep learning frameworks to graph-structured data.Every node in the graph structure is labeled and anomalies,represented by unlabeled nodes,are predicted by performing random walks on the node-based graph structures.Due to their strong learning abilities,GNNs gained popularity in various domains such as natural language processing,social network analytics and healthcare.Anomaly detection is a challenging task in computer vision but the proposed algorithm using GNNs efficiently performs the identification of anomalies.The Graph-based deep learning networks are designed to predict unknown objects and outliers.In our case,they detect unusual objects in the form of malicious nodes.The edges between nodes represent a relationship of nodes among each other.In case of anomaly,such as the bike rider in Pedestrians data,the rider node has a negative value for the edge and it is identified as an anomaly.The encoding and decoding layers are crucial for determining how statistical measurements affect anomaly identification and for correcting the graph path to the best possible outcome.Results show that the proposed framework is a step ahead of the traditional approaches in detecting unusual activities,which shows a huge potential in automatically monitoring surveillance videos.Performing autonomous monitoring of CCTV,crime control and damage or destruction by a group of people or crowd can be identified and alarms may be triggered in unusual activities in streets or public places.The suggested GNN model improves accuracy by 4%for the Pedestrian 2 dataset and 12%for the Pedestrian 1 dataset compared to a few state-of the-art techniques.展开更多
The multiscale hybrid-mixed(MHM)method is applied to the numerical approximation of two-dimensional matrix fluid flow in porous media with fractures.The two-dimensional fluid flow in the reservoir and the one-dimensio...The multiscale hybrid-mixed(MHM)method is applied to the numerical approximation of two-dimensional matrix fluid flow in porous media with fractures.The two-dimensional fluid flow in the reservoir and the one-dimensional flow in the discrete fractures are approximated using mixed finite elements.The coupling of the two-dimensional matrix flow with the one-dimensional fracture flow is enforced using the pressure of the one-dimensional flow as a Lagrange multiplier to express the conservation of fluid transfer between the fracture flow and the divergence of the one-dimensional fracture flux.A zero-dimensional pressure(point element)is used to express conservation of mass where fractures intersect.The issuing simulation is then reduced using the MHM method leading to accurate results with a very reduced number of global equations.A general system was developed where fracture geometries and conductivities are specified in an input file and meshes are generated using the public domain mesh generator GMsh.Several test cases illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by comparing the multiscale results with direct simulations.展开更多
Objective. To report three cases of mycosis fungoides with milia formation in the regressing lesions. Patients and setting. Dermatology clinic of a university hospital (referral center). Three patients with mycosis fu...Objective. To report three cases of mycosis fungoides with milia formation in the regressing lesions. Patients and setting. Dermatology clinic of a university hospital (referral center). Three patients with mycosis fungoides with body sur face involvement of 10%in one case (stage IIb) and exceeding 30%in two cases ( stages IIb and III). All patients were treated with photochemotherapy and topica l nitrogen mustard ointment in a concentration of 0.01%. After approximately 3 months multiple milia erupted on regressing plaques. Results. The presence of mi lia was evident and was confirmed by histopathology. Regression of mycosis fungo ides was noted in these plaques both clinically and in comparison with the pretr eatment histologic appearance. Two of the patients showed a histological picture of follicular mucinosis. Conclusions. We do not know the significance of milia in mycosis fungoides (MF). However, we suggest that follicular rupture or a dege nerative process might result in milia formation.展开更多
Currently,highly efficient n-i-p perovskite solar cells rely on an organic interface layer for high efficiency,especially 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ami-no]-9,9′-spirobifluorene(spiro-OMeTAD),...Currently,highly efficient n-i-p perovskite solar cells rely on an organic interface layer for high efficiency,especially 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ami-no]-9,9′-spirobifluorene(spiro-OMeTAD),but the instability of organic materials in the photothermal field compromises device stability.In this study,we employ the oleic acid(YS)/oleamine(YA)end-sealing method to achieve uniform dispersion of NiO_(X)nanoparticles,effectively mitigating coagulation resulting from high local concentration and secondary motion adsorption.Furthermore,the conductivity of the hole transport layer and its energy level alignment with perovskite is enhanced by the additional 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanodimethyl-p-benzoquinone(F4TCNQ),leading to a remarkable improvement of open-circuit voltage and fill factor,thus the high efficiency of 25.17%and 24.36%on 0.1 and 1.01cm2,respectively.Moreover,by realizing an all-inorganic interface layer,an initial efficiency exceeding 90%is maintained even after 2,800 h of heating at 85℃.展开更多
Energy consumption in urban environment in the EU accounts for about 40%of the total energy consumption,and the majority of this energy is utilised for heating and air conditioning of buildings.Hence the process of in...Energy consumption in urban environment in the EU accounts for about 40%of the total energy consumption,and the majority of this energy is utilised for heating and air conditioning of buildings.Hence the process of insulating and retrofitting of relatively old buildings is essential to enhance the thermal performance and hence contribute to energy and carbon emission reduction.There is a need to enhance people’s engagement and education in relation to such issues to inspire and encourage positive actions and investment from the public.This paper presents an approach of combining a novel training process using a low-cost infrared thermal camera with small scale building model to promote DIY(Do-It-Yourself)infrared survey for the public to evaluate the performance of their own homes in order to identify any issues related to insulation or air leaks from the building envelop to encourage them to take corrective actions.The work included the engagement of 50 people to survey their own homes to capture the technical findings as well as their personal reaction and feedback.The results show that 88%of participants have found the educational session helpful to understand the infrared thermography;and 92%have considered the infrared camera to be an effective tool to indicate location of heat losses.Additionally,90%of participants trust that the thermal camera has helped them to identify insulation defects that cause heat losses in their homes.Moreover,84%believe that the thermal imaging has convinced them to think more seriously about the heat losses of their homes and what they could do to improve that.The experimental thermography surveys have shown that many houses have limitations in terms of thermal insulation which have been identified by the participants.This DIY interaction has provided enhanced public engagement and energy awareness via the use of the technology.The financial issues are also found to be critical,as none of the participants would have done the survey if they had to pay for it.Hence,this paper provides a solution for households with limited budgets.展开更多
Today,there is a growing interest in developing energy efficient buildings since it is estimated that buildings account for about 40%of the total primary energy consumption in the world.In relation to existing buildin...Today,there is a growing interest in developing energy efficient buildings since it is estimated that buildings account for about 40%of the total primary energy consumption in the world.In relation to existing buildings,energy efficiency retrofits have become an important opportunity to upgrade the energy performance of commercial,public and residential buildings that may reduce the energy consumption,demand and cost.In this paper we cover the energy efficiency deep retrofit process that has been carried out for Nottingham Playhouse theatre building for the aim of enhancing its environmental performance and analysing the energy efficiency gained after implementing certain proposed modifications.It is a nationally protected historic building,listed as Grade II*on The National Heritage List for England(NHLE).The building has had insulation enhancement,doors modifications,solar energy installations,energy-saving lights,in addition to improved heating and air conditioning system.The paper presents a novel methodology;and its results indicate significant improvements in the building’s energy performance which is demonstrated using infrared thermographic images and data logger sensors where significant energy savings to the building’s thermal performance are obtained.The energy saving measures have been completed while maintaining the heritage building’s general appearance and architectural features,which have received a Commendation Certificate from The Nottingham Civic Society for this achievement.展开更多
At present,the development of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is progressing rapidly,but the issue of poor stability remains a significant challenge.Achieving a stable precursor solution is crucial for the large-scale pro...At present,the development of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is progressing rapidly,but the issue of poor stability remains a significant challenge.Achieving a stable precursor solution is crucial for the large-scale production of high-quality PSC films.In this study,we successfully developed a strategy to improve the long-term stability of the precursor solution and improve device performance by employing 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium di-n-butyl phosphate(BMIMBP)as an anti-aging additive.The BP−component inhibits the reactivity of I−and formamidinium ion through multiple chemical bonds,thereby stabilizing the precursor solution.In addition,the BMIM+component,which contains an amino group,can form two-dimensional perovskite internally,further enhancing the device stability.This strategy provides valuable guidance for achieving long-term stability in solar cells.展开更多
文摘Generally,conventional methods for anomaly detection rely on clustering,proximity,or classification.With themassive growth in surveillance videos,outliers or anomalies find ingenious ways to obscure themselves in the network and make conventional techniques inefficient.This research explores the structure of Graph neural networks(GNNs)that generalize deep learning frameworks to graph-structured data.Every node in the graph structure is labeled and anomalies,represented by unlabeled nodes,are predicted by performing random walks on the node-based graph structures.Due to their strong learning abilities,GNNs gained popularity in various domains such as natural language processing,social network analytics and healthcare.Anomaly detection is a challenging task in computer vision but the proposed algorithm using GNNs efficiently performs the identification of anomalies.The Graph-based deep learning networks are designed to predict unknown objects and outliers.In our case,they detect unusual objects in the form of malicious nodes.The edges between nodes represent a relationship of nodes among each other.In case of anomaly,such as the bike rider in Pedestrians data,the rider node has a negative value for the edge and it is identified as an anomaly.The encoding and decoding layers are crucial for determining how statistical measurements affect anomaly identification and for correcting the graph path to the best possible outcome.Results show that the proposed framework is a step ahead of the traditional approaches in detecting unusual activities,which shows a huge potential in automatically monitoring surveillance videos.Performing autonomous monitoring of CCTV,crime control and damage or destruction by a group of people or crowd can be identified and alarms may be triggered in unusual activities in streets or public places.The suggested GNN model improves accuracy by 4%for the Pedestrian 2 dataset and 12%for the Pedestrian 1 dataset compared to a few state-of the-art techniques.
文摘The multiscale hybrid-mixed(MHM)method is applied to the numerical approximation of two-dimensional matrix fluid flow in porous media with fractures.The two-dimensional fluid flow in the reservoir and the one-dimensional flow in the discrete fractures are approximated using mixed finite elements.The coupling of the two-dimensional matrix flow with the one-dimensional fracture flow is enforced using the pressure of the one-dimensional flow as a Lagrange multiplier to express the conservation of fluid transfer between the fracture flow and the divergence of the one-dimensional fracture flux.A zero-dimensional pressure(point element)is used to express conservation of mass where fractures intersect.The issuing simulation is then reduced using the MHM method leading to accurate results with a very reduced number of global equations.A general system was developed where fracture geometries and conductivities are specified in an input file and meshes are generated using the public domain mesh generator GMsh.Several test cases illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by comparing the multiscale results with direct simulations.
文摘Objective. To report three cases of mycosis fungoides with milia formation in the regressing lesions. Patients and setting. Dermatology clinic of a university hospital (referral center). Three patients with mycosis fungoides with body sur face involvement of 10%in one case (stage IIb) and exceeding 30%in two cases ( stages IIb and III). All patients were treated with photochemotherapy and topica l nitrogen mustard ointment in a concentration of 0.01%. After approximately 3 months multiple milia erupted on regressing plaques. Results. The presence of mi lia was evident and was confirmed by histopathology. Regression of mycosis fungo ides was noted in these plaques both clinically and in comparison with the pretr eatment histologic appearance. Two of the patients showed a histological picture of follicular mucinosis. Conclusions. We do not know the significance of milia in mycosis fungoides (MF). However, we suggest that follicular rupture or a dege nerative process might result in milia formation.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(U20A20128,52263027,22379060,52173169 and 52222312)the"Double Thousand Plan"Science and Technology Innovation High-end Talent Project of Jiangxi Province(jxsq2019201049)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20231ZDH04036,20212BAB214055 and 20224ACB204007)China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX2021117)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700060)。
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20128,52173169,52222312)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20231ZDH04036,20212BAB214055,20224ACB204007)。
文摘Currently,highly efficient n-i-p perovskite solar cells rely on an organic interface layer for high efficiency,especially 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ami-no]-9,9′-spirobifluorene(spiro-OMeTAD),but the instability of organic materials in the photothermal field compromises device stability.In this study,we employ the oleic acid(YS)/oleamine(YA)end-sealing method to achieve uniform dispersion of NiO_(X)nanoparticles,effectively mitigating coagulation resulting from high local concentration and secondary motion adsorption.Furthermore,the conductivity of the hole transport layer and its energy level alignment with perovskite is enhanced by the additional 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanodimethyl-p-benzoquinone(F4TCNQ),leading to a remarkable improvement of open-circuit voltage and fill factor,thus the high efficiency of 25.17%and 24.36%on 0.1 and 1.01cm2,respectively.Moreover,by realizing an all-inorganic interface layer,an initial efficiency exceeding 90%is maintained even after 2,800 h of heating at 85℃.
文摘Energy consumption in urban environment in the EU accounts for about 40%of the total energy consumption,and the majority of this energy is utilised for heating and air conditioning of buildings.Hence the process of insulating and retrofitting of relatively old buildings is essential to enhance the thermal performance and hence contribute to energy and carbon emission reduction.There is a need to enhance people’s engagement and education in relation to such issues to inspire and encourage positive actions and investment from the public.This paper presents an approach of combining a novel training process using a low-cost infrared thermal camera with small scale building model to promote DIY(Do-It-Yourself)infrared survey for the public to evaluate the performance of their own homes in order to identify any issues related to insulation or air leaks from the building envelop to encourage them to take corrective actions.The work included the engagement of 50 people to survey their own homes to capture the technical findings as well as their personal reaction and feedback.The results show that 88%of participants have found the educational session helpful to understand the infrared thermography;and 92%have considered the infrared camera to be an effective tool to indicate location of heat losses.Additionally,90%of participants trust that the thermal camera has helped them to identify insulation defects that cause heat losses in their homes.Moreover,84%believe that the thermal imaging has convinced them to think more seriously about the heat losses of their homes and what they could do to improve that.The experimental thermography surveys have shown that many houses have limitations in terms of thermal insulation which have been identified by the participants.This DIY interaction has provided enhanced public engagement and energy awareness via the use of the technology.The financial issues are also found to be critical,as none of the participants would have done the survey if they had to pay for it.Hence,this paper provides a solution for households with limited budgets.
文摘Today,there is a growing interest in developing energy efficient buildings since it is estimated that buildings account for about 40%of the total primary energy consumption in the world.In relation to existing buildings,energy efficiency retrofits have become an important opportunity to upgrade the energy performance of commercial,public and residential buildings that may reduce the energy consumption,demand and cost.In this paper we cover the energy efficiency deep retrofit process that has been carried out for Nottingham Playhouse theatre building for the aim of enhancing its environmental performance and analysing the energy efficiency gained after implementing certain proposed modifications.It is a nationally protected historic building,listed as Grade II*on The National Heritage List for England(NHLE).The building has had insulation enhancement,doors modifications,solar energy installations,energy-saving lights,in addition to improved heating and air conditioning system.The paper presents a novel methodology;and its results indicate significant improvements in the building’s energy performance which is demonstrated using infrared thermographic images and data logger sensors where significant energy savings to the building’s thermal performance are obtained.The energy saving measures have been completed while maintaining the heritage building’s general appearance and architectural features,which have received a Commendation Certificate from The Nottingham Civic Society for this achievement.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(U20A20128,52163019 and 51963016)the support from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20224ACB214006 and 20232ACB204005)。
文摘At present,the development of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is progressing rapidly,but the issue of poor stability remains a significant challenge.Achieving a stable precursor solution is crucial for the large-scale production of high-quality PSC films.In this study,we successfully developed a strategy to improve the long-term stability of the precursor solution and improve device performance by employing 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium di-n-butyl phosphate(BMIMBP)as an anti-aging additive.The BP−component inhibits the reactivity of I−and formamidinium ion through multiple chemical bonds,thereby stabilizing the precursor solution.In addition,the BMIM+component,which contains an amino group,can form two-dimensional perovskite internally,further enhancing the device stability.This strategy provides valuable guidance for achieving long-term stability in solar cells.
