Ballistic resistance and energy dissipation of woven-fabric composite targets:Insights on the effects of projectile shape and obliquity angle

This study aims at investigating the ballistic resistance and energy absorption in woven E-glass composite panels,considering different projectile nose shapes and oblique incidence angles.To that scope,three-dimensional finite element(FE)models of both projectiles and the laminated target are developed and numerical investigations are carried out using Abaqus Explicit solver.The composite damage model’s constitutive law encompasses nonlinear material response,material properties degradation,progressive failure,and an element deletion strategy.The cohesive surface technique is used to represent the interface between two adjacent plies in the laminate,and the traction-separation law is used to characterize the behaviors of interlaminar degradation and failure.Material responses attributable to fiber rupture,matrix cracking,and plasticity caused by micro-matrix cracking due to shear loading are taken into account with suitable damage evolution laws.The computational framework is first validated against the experimental results reported in the literature by performing ballistic impact tests on the target laminate with conical,hemispherical and blunt-ended projectile,and the numerical results showed a good comparison in terms of residual velocity.Subsequently the framework is explored in simulating more complex failure mechanisms,with particular emphasis on the influence of the impact angle of obliquity,a parameter that is not usually analyzed in the literature.In that regard,the effects of normal and oblique impact on the damage morphologies and ballistic behavior of the fabric composite target in terms of energy absorption,impact contact force,and projectile residual velocity are conducted and analyzed,comparatively.The findings showed that the ballistic impact behavior of target composite is substantially influenced by projectile nose shape and incidence angle obliquity.

蜂窝夹芯圆环的拓扑优化设计及尺度效应研究

采用尺度关联的一体化设计方法开展了旋转周期圆环结构的拓扑优化设计研究,以宏观结构的最大刚度为目标,研究了材料表征体胞尺度、构型以及不同载荷作用形式对蜂窝夹芯圆环结构优化结果的影响.所提出的无量纲结构构型因子实现了优化结构的结构效率量化评估.结合SIMP材料模型和周长控制方法,实现了宏观结构和细观表征体胞的优化设计,获得清晰的材料分布.数值算例表明,尺度关联的一体化设计方法能有效地完成圆环结构的拓扑优化设计,设计结果充分反映体胞尺度效应对旋转周期圆环结构夹芯构型的影响.

多物理域质子交换膜燃料电池建模仿真及实验测试

燃料电池及其应用近些年逐渐成为研究热点,对于系统级的燃料电池运行工况分析及设计,底层的燃料电池本体模型显得至关重要。相比于已有的传统经验模型,重点提出了一种一般性的多物理域燃料电池分析模型,并从电化学域、流体力学域以及热力学动态域对质子交换膜燃料电池进行了精确建模。所提出的框架性建模方法可以适用于不同型号的质子交换膜燃料电池,同时也可以进一步拓展并应用于不同种类的燃料电池。随后以Ballard NEXA 1.2 kW质子交换膜燃料电池为例,对模型在不同工况下进行了仿真,并通过实验测试验证了所提出模型的有效性和准确性。在此基础上,可以展开相应的控制策略及电池本体运行分析,从而提升燃料电池系统的运行性能和工作寿命。

金属注射成形烧结工艺的试验与数值模拟

采用粘塑性理论建立烧结过程的本构模型,以316L不锈钢粉末注射成形产品为例,设计出烧结过程中重力作用下弯曲梁试验和膨胀计中的自由烧结试验,分别用于标定本构模型中的粘度模量和烧结应力。通过用户子程序,在有限元求解器Abaqus^(?)上实现数值模拟,预测产品在烧结过程中的收缩和变形。考虑了重力、摩擦以及注射阶段粉末与粘结剂的偏析效应对于烧结工艺的影响,数值模拟结果与试验结果一致。

316L不锈钢粉末注射成形件的烧结致密化行为

为了控制粉末注射成形零件的最终尺寸精度和力学性能,对316L不锈钢粉末注射成形件的烧结致密化行为进行了试验研究,分析了烧结温度和升温速率对试件致密化行为以及烧结件力学性能的影响.试验结果表明,致密化过程始于1080℃左右,主要在1200～1300℃的升温过程中快速进行,致密化速率随着升温速率的升高而升高.烧结件的抗拉强度、抗弯强度以及延伸率,不但取决于致密化程度,而且与微观结构有关.分析表明,将基于扩散控制和强度控制的烧结理论结合,可以有效地解释316L不锈钢粉末的致密化行为,需在现有的烧结模型中考虑强度影响因素,才能更真实地模拟烧结过程.

氧化铝陶瓷粉末固相烧结过程模拟

用膨胀计测量了氧化铝粉末注射成形的烧结过程中试件的单轴收缩率和收缩速率.基于试验数据,设计了相应的参数标定算法,用于确定烧结模型中的单轴粘度和烧结应力.以氧化铝人工髋关节植体为例,将该模型和参数引入到有限元软件Abaqus中实现数值模拟,以预测试件在烧结过程中的收缩和变形.结果表明,用标定的参数的模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合.

粉末注射成形中偏析效应及其影响的数值模拟

在金属或陶瓷粉末注射成形中,由于粉末与粘结剂的密度差异,二者在高速充模的过程中会产生局部比例变化,即偏析现象。针对偏析现象,采用两相流注射模型,将注射喂料视为由粉末相和粘结剂相组成的混合流体,预测注射成形坯件中粉末相和粘结剂相的分布。将结果引入到后续的烧结模拟中,宏观烧结模型采用基于热弹粘塑性的本构关系。据此模拟产品在烧结过程中发生的收缩和变形以及预测产品在烧结过程中现场强度(In-situ strength)。模拟结果说明注射坯件的非匀质性导致产品的烧结过程中产生非均匀收缩和内部应力的大幅度上升,影响产品的精度和性能。这种从注射到烧结的模拟体系可用于优化粉末注射成形工艺的喂料设计、模具设计以及注射和烧结工艺参数的选取。

MIM零件烧结过程中收缩和变形的数值模拟

为描述金属粉末注射成形坯件在烧结过程中的收缩和变形行为,基于连续介质力学原理建立了符合粘塑性本构关系的宏观烧结模型。该模型通过有限元软件Abaqus的用户子程序实现,进行烧结过程的数值模拟。分析了由于坯件重力、非均匀初始密度分布以及坯件支承体之间的摩擦力等因素而引起的非均匀收缩和变形。通过与试验结果的比较,验证了烧结模型和数值方法的正确性。

升温速率对氧化铝粉末烧结行为的影响

采用不同的升温速率,在膨胀计中对脱脂后的氧化铝粉末射成形坯件进行一系列的烧结试验。结果表明,烧结致密化过程主要发生在升温阶段,快速升温有利于致密化的进行和抑止晶粒长大,但由于烧结时间较短和烧结炉最高温度的限制,产品的最终致密化程度不高。在低温时快速升温,高温时缓慢加热,可以获得较好的致密化效果和微观结构。试验和分析结果将为建立非等温烧结模型和烧结工艺参数的优化方法提供依据。

Lamb波压差式微流量传感器

为提高微流体系统中的流量检测灵敏度,增大动态检测范围,实现温度补偿,提出了一种基于Lamb波的压差式微流量传感系统。该传感系统主要由两个Lamb波压力传感器和微通道组成,它利用Lamb波薄膜内应力的敏感特性,以频率计量的方式间接测量微通道两端的压力差;并采用双Lamb波压力传感器构成差动式测量结构进行温度补偿。对长20 mm,宽1 mm,高50μm的微通道进行了流量测试实验,结果表明:在流量测试范围内,微通道两端的频率差与流量基本呈线性变化,其线性相关系数为0.999 9;在微流量传感器未进行优化的前提下,最小检测量为0.627μL/s。

粉末注射成形材料微波烧结过程的有限元模拟

基于传统电阻加热烧结过程的建模与模拟,通过对粉末注射成形材料微波烧结过程的机理分析,结合电磁场、热力学以及连续介质力学原理,确定了微波烧结全过程的数学模型和模拟方法;通过建立合理的力学模型和控制方程,采用COMSOL Multi-physics软件模拟微波烧结过程,并将模拟结果与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:氧化锆粉末成形件在微波烧结初始阶段加热缓慢,当温度升至400℃之后,成形件内部温度持续急剧升高;当加热至1 360℃时,烧结件的相对密度高达92%,可满足粉末烧结工艺要求;建立的数学模型能有效模拟微波烧结过程中粉末成形材料内部的电场、温度场分布以及密度的衍化过程。

Using strain energy-based prediction of effective elastic properties in topology optimization of material microstructures

An alternative strain energy method is proposed for the prediction of effective elastic properties of orthotropic materials in this paper. The method is implemented in the topology optimization procedure to design cellular solids. A comparative study is made between the strain energy method and the well-known homogenization method. Numerical results show that both methods agree well in the numerical prediction and sensitivity analysis of effective elastic tensor when homogeneous boundary conditions are properly specified. Two dimensional and three dimensional microstructures are optimized for maximum stiffness designs by combining the proposed method with the dual optimization algorithm of convex programming. Satisfactory results are obtained for a variety of design cases.

Study on a new chaotic bitwise dynamical system and its FPGA implementation

In this paper, the structure of a new chaotic bitwise dynamical system （CBDS） is described. Compared to our previous research work, it uses various random bitwise operations instead of only one. The chaotic behavior of CBDS is mathemat- ically proven according to the Devaney＇s definition, and its statistical properties are verified both for uniformity and by a comprehensive, reputed and stringent battery of tests called TestU01. Furthermore, a systematic methodology developing the parallel computations is proposed for FPGA platform-based realization of this CBDS. Experiments finally validate the proposed systematic methodology.

反应磁控溅射沉积纳米多孔BiVO4薄膜光催化剂:总压力和基底的影响

使用脉冲直流电源、金属Bi和V靶材,在氩气和氧气气氛保护下,通过反应磁控溅射法在不同基板上沉积纳米多孔BiVO;薄膜,然后在空气中进行后退火处理,形成具有光敏性的单斜白钨矿晶体。研究总压力和基底对薄膜晶体结构、形貌、显微组织、光学和光催化性能的影响。结果表明,在石英玻璃基底上沉积的单斜白钨矿结构于250℃开始结晶,薄膜在600℃时达到稳定。即使在较高的溅射压力(>2 Pa)下,薄膜的形貌也相当致密,且嵌有纳米孔。以石英玻璃为基体沉积的薄膜,在4.5 Pa条件下具有最高的孔隙率(52%),最低的能带隙(2.44 eV),且具有最高的在可见光照射下降解罗丹明-B的光催化活性(7h后为26%)。在硅基底上沉积的薄膜表现出最高的光活性(7 h后为53%)。薄膜在UV-Vis吸收光谱中缺乏蓝移,表明光解过程中以发色团裂解为主。

Finite Element Analysis in Combination with Perfectly Matched Layer to the Numerical Modeling of Acoustic Devices in Piezoelectric Materials

The characterization of finite length Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) and Bulk acoustic Wave (BAW) resonators is addressed here. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) induces artificial wave reflections at the edges of the mesh. In fact, these ones do not contribute in practice to the corresponding experimental response. The Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) method, allows to suppress the boundary reflections. In this work, we first demonstrate the basis of PML adapted to FEA formalism. Next, the results of such a method are depicted allowing a discussion on the behavior of finite acoustic resonators.

Photo-thermal synergistic excitation:Feasible strategy to detect ethanol for wide bandgap ZIF-8at low work temperature

Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8(ZIF-8)material was prepared by chemical precipitation method.The microstructure and physical properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by XRD,BET,FESEM and UV spectrophotometer.The self-made four-channel measurement device was used to test the gas sensitivity of ZIF-8 material toward ethanol gas under photo-thermal synergistic excitation.The results showed that the sample was typical ZIF-8(E_(g)=4.96 eV)with a regular dodecahedron shape and the specific surface is up to 1793 m^(2)/g.The as-prepared ZIF-8 has a gas response value of 55.04 to 100 ppm ethanol at 75℃ and it shows good gas sensing selectivity and repeated stability.The excellent gas sensitivity can be attributed to the increase of free electron concentration in the ZIF-8 conduction band by photo-thermal synergistic excitation,and the large specific surface area of ZIF-8 material provides more active sites for gas-solid surface reaction.The reaction mechanism of ZIF-8 material under multi-field excitation was also discussed.

Two-stage distributionally robust optimization-based coordinated scheduling of integrated energy system with electricity-hydrogen hybrid energy storage

A coordinated scheduling model based on two-stage distributionally robust optimization(TSDRO)is proposed for integrated energy systems(IESs)with electricity-hydrogen hybrid energy storage.The scheduling problem of the IES is divided into two stages in the TSDRO-based coordinated scheduling model.The first stage addresses the day-ahead optimal scheduling problem of the IES under deterministic forecasting information,while the sec-ond stage uses a distributionally robust optimization method to determine the intraday rescheduling problem under high-order uncertainties,building upon the results of the first stage.The scheduling model also considers col-laboration among the electricity,thermal,and gas networks,focusing on economic operation and carbon emissions.The flexibility of these networks and the energy gradient utilization of hydrogen units during operation are also incor-porated into the model.To improve computational efficiency,the nonlinear formulations in the TSDRO-based coordinated scheduling model are properly linearized to obtain a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model.The Column-Constraint Generation(C&CG)algorithm is then employed to decompose the scheduling model into a mas-ter problem and subproblems.Through the iterative solution of the master problem and subproblems,an efficient analysis of the coordinated scheduling model is achieved.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed TSDRO-based coordinated scheduling model is verified through case studies.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed TSDRO-based coordinated scheduling model can effectively accomplish the optimal scheduling task while consider-ing the uncertainty and flexibility of the system.Compared with traditional methods,the proposed TSDRO-based coordinated scheduling model can better balance conservativeness and robustness.

具有类roton色散关系的立方对称声学超材料

我们之前的工作表明,声学超材料中的非局部相互作用会导致极不寻常的类roton色散关系,即色散曲线存在局部极小值,与超流体液氦-4类似.然而,这种行为仅限于一个或两个声传播方向.在这里,我们设计了一种三维立方对称声学超材料,沿三个正交方向具有非局部相互作用.有限元计算表明超材料在三个正交方向具有类roton行为,但其行为远非各向同性.有限元结果与半解析模型结果吻合良好.相应的实验正在探索中,由于需要密集而复杂的三维声学管道,实验要求较高.