Microbiota revolution:How gut microbes regulate our lives

The human intestine is a natural environment ecosystem of a complex of diversified and dynamic microorganisms,determined through a process of competition and natural selection during life.Those intestinal microorganisms called microbiota and are involved in a variety of mechanisms of the organism,they interact with the host and therefore are in contact with the organs of the various systems.However,they play a crucial role in maintaining host homeostasis,also influencing its behaviour.Thus,microorganisms perform a series of biological functions important for human well-being.The host provides the microorganisms with the environment and nutrients,simultaneously drawing many benefits such as their contribution to metabolic,trophic,immunological,and other functions.For these reasons it has been reported that its quantitative and qualitative composition can play a protective or harmful role on the host health.Therefore,a dysbiosis can lead to an association of unfavourable factors which lead to a dysregulation of the physiological processes of homeostasis.Thus,it has previously noted that the gut microbiota can participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases,chronic intestinal inflammation,diabetes mellitus,obesity and atherosclerosis,neurological disorders(e.g.,neurological diseases,autism,etc.)colorectal cancer,and more.

Boswellia resin extract and propolis derived polyphenols in patients with type III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome:An Italian prospective multicenter study

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of a treatment regimen based on rectal administration of Boswellia resin extract and propolis derived polyphenols in patients with type IIIa and type IIIb chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS).Methods:Patients with type IIIa and type IIIb CP/CPPS received one rectal suppository a day for 15 days per month for 3 consecutive months.Participants were evaluated with National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index(NIH-CPSI),the International Prostate Symptom Scores(IPSS),International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF),four-glass test,uroflowmetry,and prostate-specific antigen assessments at baseline and at Week 4,and Week 12.Primary endpoints were improvement in pain domain of NIH-CPSI and improvement of NIH-CPSI total score.Secondary outcomes included improvement of micturition and quality of life(QoL)domains of NIH-CPSI questionnaire.Results:A total of 61 males were enrolled.No adverse events were reported.Significant improvements from baseline to Day 30 were reported for NIH-CPSI total score(mean difference:-9.2;p<0.01),NIH-CPSI pain domain(mean difference:-5.5;p<0.01),NIH-CPSI micturition domain,NIH-CPSI QoL domain,and IPSS total score(mean difference:-5.6;p<0.01).No significant changes from baseline in terms of IIEF score or maximum flow rate were observed.At final follow-up(Day 90),further significant improvements in terms of NIH-CPSI total score(mean difference:-12.2;p<0.01),NIH-CPSI pain domain(mean difference:-6.6;p<0.01),NIH-CPSI micturition domain,NIH-CPSI QoL domain,and IPSS total score were reported.Conclusion:Rectal administration of Boswellia resin extract and propolis derived polyphenols is well tolerated and delivers a significant symptomatic improvement in most patients with type IIIa and type IIIb CP/CPPS.