Effects of Co-grafts Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Nerve Growth Factor Suspension in the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury

To investigate effect of the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） in combination with nerve growth factor （NGF） on the repair of spinal cord injury （SCI） in adult rats, spinal cord of adult rats （n= 32） was injured by using the modified Allen＇ s method. One week after the injury, the injured cords were injected with Dubeeeo-modified Eagles medium （DMEM , Group Ⅰ ）, MSCs （Group Ⅱ ）, NGF （Group Ⅲ）, and MSCs plus NGF （Group Ⅳ）. One month and two months after the injury, rats were sacrificed and their injured cord tissues were sectioned for the identification of the transplanted cells. The axonal regeneration and the differentiation of MSCs were examined by immunoeytoehemieal staining. At the same time, rats were subjected to behavioral tests by using the open-field BBB scoring system. Immunoeytoehemieal staining showed that axonal regeneration and the transplanted cells partially expressed neuron-specific nuclear protein （NeuN） and glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）. At the same time, significant improvement in BBB locomotor rating scale （P〈0. 05） were observed in the treatment group. More importantly, further functional improvement were noted in the combined treatment group. MSCs could differentiate into neurons and astroeytes. MSCs and NGF can promote axonal regeneration and improve functional recovery. There might exist a synergistic effect between MSCs and NGF.

Independent and combined effects of environmental factors and miR-126, miR-143, and miR-145 on the risk of coronary heart disease

Objective To evaluate the effects of environmental factors and microRNAs （miRNAs） （miR-126, miR-143, and miR-145） on the risk of coronary heart disease （CHD）. Methods A frequency-matched case-control study （450 patients, 450 controls） was conducted from April 2014 to December 2016 in Fuzhou City, China. Environmental factors were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire, and the expression levels of miR-126, rniR-143, and miR-145 were determined by quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR） in pe- ripheral blood mononuclear cells. Unconditional logistic regression models were used for statistical evaluation. Results Alcohol consumption, high-salt diets, high-intensity work, and lack of physical activity were significantly associated with increased CHD risk, whereas light diet was significantly associated with decreased risk. MiR-126, miR-143, and miR-145 were highly expressed in the CHD group compared with the control group. After adjustment for other environmental factors, unconditional logistic regression results revealed that miR-126, miR-143, and depression were the independent risk factors of CHD, and light diet was the independent protective factor of CHD. Conclusions Our data suggest that a family history of CHD, anxiety, and alcohol consumption was significantly associated with increased CHD risk, whereas light diet was significantly associated with decreased risk. Furthermore, miR-126 and miR-143 in combination with several risk factors, could play a joint role in the development of CHD. Therefore, it is necessary to manage patients with CHD in all directions and multiple level.

THE STUDY ON RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH BREAST CANCER AMONG WOMEN IN TIANJIN, CHINA AND ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA

To explore the possible explanation of the marked difference in the incidence of breast cancer between Chinese and Australian women, the authors have compared and analysed the results of two case-control studies completed recently in Tianjin, China and Adelaide, Australia. Of 10 known risk factors for breast cancer 9 were significantly higher in level in Adelaide women than in Tianjin women, i.e., women in Adelaide were much taller, heavier, more obese, earlier at menarche, later at first full-term pregnancy, more nulliparous, less parity, more in history of breast cancer in first degree relatives, more educated. From the 7 risk factors analysed by use of logistic regression model 5 factors, i.e., earlier age at menarche, later age at first full-term pregnancy, less parity, history of benign disease, and history of breast cancer in first degree relatives, were associated significantly with the increased risk for breast cancer in the Tianjin study, but not in Adelaide study. These factors being not associated with breast cancer in Adelaide women were unexpected. The explanation of the indefinite findings in Adelaide study was due to the fact that the level of the risk factor is universally high, relatively uniform and lack of categories. The difference in the risk factor distribution between cases and controle would not be seen in case-control studies, and significance of the risk factor therefore may not be found. According to data on diet survey in these two cities, the calories from fat was significantly higher in Adelaide women than in Tianjin women. The marked difference in incidence in women in the two cities resulted from the summing-up effect of a number of factors. The important role of fat intake in geographical incidence difference and in the development of breast cancer was also discussed.

PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN AUTOCRINE T SUPPRESSOR FACTOR FROM MURINE LEUKEMIA

The leukemia-associated autoinhibitor (LAI-615) derived from murine leukemia L7811 has been investigated intensively in our laboratory. In the following experiments, the partial purification of LA I-615 has been carried out in addition to the observation of phenotype variations of L7811 leuke-mic cells. The factor was purified over 1306-fold by sequential fractionation with Sephadex G-150 gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromato-graphy, and Mono Q-fast protein liquid chromato-graphy. The molecular weight of LAI-615 was 68,000 as estimated by gel filtration. LAI-615 was a protein but not glycosylated, and it was suggested LAI-615 be secreted in an autocrine manner. Im-munocytochemical staining showed that the expression of Lyt2 phenotype of L7811 leukemic cells was often coincident with the secretion of LAI-615. Moreover, the physicochemical characteristics of LAI-615 was similar to that of T suppressor factor. Thus it is concluded that LAI-615 may be one of TsF-like factors.

MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF SURVIVAL IN BREAST CANCER

A multivariate analysis of 617 female patients with primary breast cancer treated by radical mastectomy between 1974 and 1981 was done. All patients were followed for more than five years. Survival was 76.6% and 64.7% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Eleven clinical and pathological factors were available for study. The data were analysed by Cox's proportional hazards regression model. A final set of five independent significant prognostic factors was obtained. In order of importance they were, clinical stage, age at diagnosis, axillary lymph node status, histologic type and size of the primary tumor. To test the time-varying effect of these factors using Cox's model, all except age reduced their prognostic impact significantly after five years, however, age was a powerful prognostic factor for long-term survival. A prognostic index based on the regression coefficients was constructed. This index can give a better prediction for patients' survival and can be taken as reference when formulating treatment protocols for breast cancer.

Forskolin Modulates the Inhibitory Effect of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide on Hypoxia-Induced Atrial Dynamics and Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Alpha Activity

Our study investigated effects of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on atrial dynamics and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) activity in perfused beating rat atria, under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia significantly increased the levels of HIF-1α, concomitant with decreased trial dynamics. CNP (0.1 μmol/L) further decreased atrial dynamics under hypoxia and suppressed hypoxia-induced stimulation of HIF-1α expression. An adenylylcyclase (AC) activator, forskolin (0.1 μmol/L), significantly up-regulated atrial phosphodiesterase subtype 3A (PDE 3A) protein without affecting hypoxia-induced dynamics. In the presence of forskolin, the inhibitory effects of CNP on hypoxia-induced atrial dynamics and HIF-1α levels were significantly attenuated. Forskolin also prevented hypoxia-induced downregulation of PDE3A protein. These findings suggested that CNP inhibited atrial dynamics and HIF-1α activity in the isolated perfused beating rat atria under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, both effects were modulated by the AC activator forskolin, through activation of CNP-PDE 3A signaling.

CONDITIONED MEDIUM OF HUMAN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA EPITHELIOID CELL LINE CNE_(1) CONTAINED THE ACTIVITIES OF TRANSFORMED GROWTH-INHIBITING FACTORS

The hormone defined serum free conditioned medium (SFCM) of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelioid cell line (CNE1) was assayed by both the 3H-thymidine incorporation test and the soft agar test. It was found that the SFCM stimulated the growth of long-term serum-free cultured CNE4 cells in ac-cordence with the fact that the growth rate of long-term serum-free cultured CNE1 cells was directly proportional to the plating density. Alternatively 5% SFCM inhibited the growth of short-term serum-free cultured CNE4 cells by 51% in which the indicator cell remained the responsiveness state of growing in the serum-supplemented medium to the effector of interest. Furthermore, SFCM resulted in the inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of CNE4 cells and A431 cells. Also in soft agar test. SFCM reduced the colony formation of NRK(?),9F cells in the presence of EGF or EGF plus TGF-β. These finding suggested that CNE4 secreted autocrine growth stimulating factor(s) and growth inhibiting factor(s) in the serum-free medium, the latter strongly reverse malignant phenotypes of CNE4 and A431 cells in serum-supplemented surrounding.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor improves cardiac function in rabbits following myocardial infarction

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic potency of recombinant human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) in a rabbit myocardial infarction model. Methods: A myocardial infarction was created by the ligation of the major ventricular branch of the left coronary artery in rabbits. After myocardial infarction, the animals were randomly assigned to GM-CSF treatment group, untreated groups and sham-operated group. The rabbits of the treated group were injected into GM-CSF by subcutaneous administration, 10 μg/kg/day, once a day for 5 days. The untreated and sham-operated group received a equal saline in the same manner as treated group. Six weeks later echocardiography and haemodynamic assessment were undertaken to assesse cardiac function. The size of the infarct region of the heart were also studied. Results: The untreated group exhibited significant higher left ventricle end-diastolic pressure, higher central venous pressure, and with significant lower mean blood pressure, lower peak first derivative of left ventricle pressure (dP/dt) than the sham group. Also, Rabbits in untreated group display significant systolic dysfunction shown by the decreased ejection fraction, diastolic dysfunction shown by increasing in the ratio of E wave to A wave (E/A), and display left ventricle enlargement. However, GS-CSF singnificantly prevented heart dysfunction, left ventricle enlargement, and reduced infarct size in treatment group. Conclusion: Administration GM-CSF after cardiac infarction can improve heart function. These findings indicate the technique may be a novel and simple therapeutic method for ischemic myocardium.

FACTORS INFLUENCING SERUM PEPSINOGEN LEVELS IN A CHINESE POPULATION AT HIGH RISK OF STOMACH CANCER

The relationships between serum pepsinogen (PG) levels and age, sex, ABO blood type, cigarette smoking and diet were studied among over 3, 000 residents selected at random in an area with high risk of stomach cancer in Shandong Province, China. Males had significantly higher median PG Ⅰ and Ⅱ levels than feamles. PG Ⅰ tended to decrease and PG Ⅱ to rise with age. Subjects with blood type A had a higher PG Ⅱ level than subjects with other blood types. Both PG Ⅰ and Ⅱ levels rose with dally consumption of cigarettes. Alcohol consumption was not related to PG levels. The PG Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio declined with increasing consumption of sour pancakes, a fermented staple food found to contain N-nitroso compounds and to be a risk factor for stomach cancer in this population.

GENE EXPRESSION OF GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTORS AND NEURONAL MARKERS IN NEURO BLASTOMA CELL LINES

Gene expression of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), chromogranin A (CGA) and neuropetide Y (NPY)in 4 aeuroblsstoma cell lines without N-myc amplification was studied by wins Northern blot technique, N type cells expressed more NGFR mRNA than S type cells and have only little or no EGFR expression. S type cells had stronger expression of EGFR mRNA than that of N type cells accompanying with only less or even no NGFR expression. The results Indicated that difference of gene expression of theae growth factor receptors might be due to the various of tumor cell differetiation. Celli differentiating toward neurons gave more NGFR expression and cells prepared to be differentiating toward other direction might give more EGFR gene expression.Various gene expression of CGA and NPY In neuroblsstoma cell lines might be due to the presence of different stages of tumor cell differentiation and NGF only Induced differentiation of those neuroblastoma cells ready to be differentiation to neurons afterwards.

SCNH2 is a novel apelinergic family member acting as a potent mitogenic and chemotactic factor for both endothelial and epithelial cells

The gut hormone apelin is a major therapeutic focus for several diseases involving inflammation and aberrant cell growth. We investigated whether apelin-36 contained alternative bioactive peptides associated with normal physiology or disease. Amino acid sequence analysis of apelin-36 identified an amidation motif consistent with the formation of a secondary bioactive peptide (SCNH2). SCNH2 is proven to be mitogenic and chemotactic in normal/malignant cells and augments angiogenesis via a PTX-resistant/CT-X-sensitive G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Notably, SCNH2 is substantially more potent and sensitive than apelin-13 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A. Endogenous SCNH2 is highly expressed in human tumors and placenta and in mouse embryonic tissues. Our findings demonstrate that SCNH2 is a new apelinergic member with critical pluripotent roles in angiogenesis related diseases and embryogenesis via a non-APJ GPCR.

Percent body fat,but not body mass index,is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents

Background:The epidemic of overweight and obesity has become a worldwide public health problem.Cardiometabolic diseases may originate in childhood.We investigated the association between percent body fat(PBF)measured by the bioelectrical impedance assay and cardiometabolic risk(CMR)in pediatrics.Methods:This cross-sectional study involved 3819 subjects(6-17 years old)in Shanghai.We assessed the association between PBF and body mass index(BMI)with multiple CMR factors.We examined the risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities attributable to overweight and obesity based on age-and sexspecific PBF Z-scores and BMI Z-scores,respectively.Results:PBF,but not BMI,was positively associated with multiple CMR factors in males and females except for total cholesterol in females(all p<0.05).Compared with the non-overweight group based on PBF,overweight and obese subjects had increasingly higher odds ratio of dyslipidemia(2.90(1.99-4.23),4.59(2.88-7.32)for males and 1.82(1.20-2.75),2.46(1.47-4.11)for females)and elevated blood pressure(BP)(3.26(2.35-4.51),4.55(2.92-7.09)for males and 1.59(1.07-2.34),3.98(2.27-6.17)for females).Obesity females showed a higher likelihood for hyperglycemia(2.19(1.24-3.84))than non-overweight females.In both sexes,the predictive effect of PBF on dyslipidemia and elevated BP in adolescents was better than that in children.For hyperglycemia,the predictive effect of PBF was better in male adolescents and female children.There was no risk difference for cardiometabolic abnormalities attributable to BMI-based obesity categories.Conclusions:PBF but not BMI was associated with CMR.Overweight and obesity categories based on PBF had an increased risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents.

固态胺吸附去除CO_(2)行为研究

为解决基于固态胺材料的再生式CO_(2)去除技术在便携式生保系统中的应用问题,开展了固态胺材料吸附去除CO_(2)的性能研究。进行了不同吸附温度、入口CO_(2)浓度、气体流量条件下固态胺吸附CO_(2)的穿透试验,获得了相应的穿透曲线;利用Wheeler方程对穿透曲线进行了拟合,得到了相应的拟合方程、平衡吸附量等结果。结果表明:通过Wheeler方程能够准确描述固态胺吸附CO_(2)的行为;获得了CO_(2)穿透率分别为10%和50%时的穿透时间与气体流量间的线性关系方程,方程可应用于预测固态胺反应器性能、切换周期等,使评估反应器性能的试验大为简化。

BDD电催化耦合电解析处理载人航天器中冷凝废水的研究

为解决在硼掺杂的金刚石电极(BDD)电催化处理冷凝废水中,由于冷凝废水电导率低而导致处理能耗较高的问题,提出了BDD电催化耦合电解析的新方法处理冷凝废水。在BDD反应器内填充吸附有无机盐的混合阴阳离子交换树脂,电催化处理冷凝废水时吸附在树脂上的离子在电场作用下解析下来进入废水中,并进行交替的吸附、解析及定向运动,从而改善废水的导电性,电极两端电压显著降低,停止加电后,离子又能重新交换吸附在树脂上。以Na_(2)SO_(4),Na_(3)PO_(4)以及NaNO_(3)作为电解质时,对总有机碳(TOC)去除没有影响;而以NaCl作为电解质时,TOC去除率随着NaCl添加量的增加而降低。

基于中国乘员的汽车座椅乘坐姿态舒适性评价分级模型

为研究汽车座椅乘员姿态舒适性问题,针对影响乘员舒适性的矢状面姿态角度指标,文中提出了一种基于中国人群覆盖范围和博弈组合赋权的评价分级方法。首先,采用动作捕捉技术获取乘员各舒适姿态角度,得到角度覆盖的人群范围,从而计算各姿态角度指标得分;采用G1法和熵权法分别计算各指标的主客观权重,基于博弈组合赋权得到各指标的综合最优权重;最终,根据各指标得分及最优权重,按照加权平均方式得到汽车座椅整体姿态舒适性评分;制订5级分级标准获取汽车座椅乘坐姿态舒适性等级。通过被试乘坐汽车座椅的主观体验评分验证建立的分级模型的可行性,为国内智能座舱的座椅姿态调节模式优化设计提供指导和依据。

采用温度梯度的干燥反应器H_(2)O穿透深度评估方法

针对空间站CO_(2)去除系统中干燥反应器对H_(2)O穿透深度缺乏直接评估手段的问题,提出利用干燥反应器内部温度传感器的温度梯度特性来间接评估的方法;根据硅胶材料吸附H_(2)O放热、脱附H_(2)O吸热的物理特性,结合温度传感器在干燥反应器中的深度位置,分析了不同边界条件下温度传感器数据曲线在吸附及解吸周期内的变化特性,提出反映干燥反应器H_(2)O穿透深度的指标集和评估方法;并对所提方法在系统的密闭舱试验中进行了验证,验证结果表明了指标集的合理性和所提方法的有效性。

空间植物栽培装置方案与验证

为满足空间植物培养的需求,基于空间微重力环境和平台资源约束,开展了根部水分和养分控制、栽培室大气环境控制、光环境控制等方面的空间植物栽培装置方案研究。研制了具有水分/养分供应、大气环境控制、光源、测量与控制、栽培室和根盘等6个功能模块的空间植物栽培装置。开展了装置的集成与调试,对装置各功能模块设计合理性进行验证。最后利用组合体试验平台,进行装置各功能模块集成性能验证、植物功能评价验证(生物学特性、物质和能量交换、营养品质和生物安全性等)及植物栽培流程验证(流程合理性、资源需求及保障、与环境之间的相互影响)。验证结果表明:水分供应、养分供应、大气环境控制、植物光照控制和参数测量控制等性能良好,能够满足植物培养对各类生长环境条件的需求;生菜生长旺盛,生产效率101.31 g(鲜质量)·(kWh)^(-1)·d^(-1)·m^(-2),光能利用率0.31 g(干质量)·mol^(-1)光子,富含各种营养,食用安全。装置方案和植物栽培流程合理可行,性能良好,具有较高的植物生产能力。研究结果为后续开展空间植物栽培装置研制奠定了技术基础。

月球车驾驶运动感知特性研究

航天员月球车驾驶技能地面训练需要模拟逼真的运动感知特性,其关键在于掌握地面与月面驾驶运动感知的差异。笔者建立了高度逼真的月球车驾驶运动仿真场景,模拟月球车驾驶运动的地月差异;开发了以空间定向模型为框架的人体运动感知软件,仿真比较了月球车驾驶前向运动感知的地月差异。结果表明,月面环境下月球车加速度变化范围减小、加减速缓慢且易发生侧滑;视觉信息受限时动态俯仰角感知显著大于地面,而静态俯仰角感知则大大降低;这种地月差异在加入视觉信息后大幅度减少。揭示了月面与地面驾驶运动感知特性的差异,为月球车驾驶运动模拟策略的优化提供了依据。

预压缩气垫包装系统静力及动力学特性研究

目的以柱形气垫包装系统为研究对象,建立静力及动力学模型,对静态压缩、自由振动和基础激励受迫振动特性进行研究。方法建立气柱压缩力数学模型,并通过试验、仿真验证模型,通过建立预压缩柱形气垫包装系统力学模型,研究静力及动力学特性。结果预压缩量和充气压力越大,包装系统固有频率越高。在包装对象宽度定值约束下,选取多个小直径气柱,固有频率更高,且薄膜应力更小。在基础激励下,包装系统固有频率处存在共振峰值,对高频域气垫表现出了较好的减振特性。结论所建立的静力压缩模型与试验、仿真结果较吻合,所建立的动力学模型合理,结果准确。

空间站CO_(2)去除系统节气技术研究

针对空间站CO_(2)去除系统周期性真空解吸会损失大量气体的问题,对系统的节气技术进行研究。从分子筛材料的吸附及解吸特性出发,研究影响系统气体损失量的关键因素。结合系统运行流程和运行周期,综合考虑节气泵工作特性、寿命要求和系统的CO_(2)去除性能,提出了满足指标要求的系统节气方案。采用对损失气体进行实测采样的方法对系统的气体损失量进行了试验验证。试验数据及空间站在轨运行数据表明:设计的节气方案可以控制系统的气体损失量小于45 g/d,提出方案满足设计指标要求。