This study aimed to understand disruptive thinking and how its ideas can change the food industry. This was achieved by identifying, studying, and understanding the impacts, current trends, and different disruptive id...This study aimed to understand disruptive thinking and how its ideas can change the food industry. This was achieved by identifying, studying, and understanding the impacts, current trends, and different disruptive ideas and innovations emerging in the food industry. The study was conducted through interpretive research philosophy by carrying out secondary data collection processes, where both qualitative and quantitative information was presented. Deductive approaches were also selected to apply existing theories and models, which were used to construct research hypotheses and present detailed findings. The study finds that, with disruptive thinking, enhancements in the product life cycle, new flavors, and improvements in food packaging have been possible. The supply chain, which is always considered a complex part of the food industry, has been streamlined, offering greater transparency and real-time tracking and improving quality control across distribution systems.展开更多
One of the emerging technologies is wireless handheld technology. Implication of these devices is enormous for business community and healthcare domain is not an exception to this phenomena. This research paper provid...One of the emerging technologies is wireless handheld technology. Implication of these devices is enormous for business community and healthcare domain is not an exception to this phenomena. This research paper provides some useful findings about the use of PDA's in the healthcare environment through actual usage of PDA in the healthcare ward. A qualitative and quantitative approach is adopted to explore these phenomena due to the exploratory nature of the research. Findings of this study identify some of the motivators and issues associated with the wireless handheld technology in healthcare environment. Furthermore, it is also found that these wireless handheld devices can help to improve the quality of care through better decision making processes. This study is limited to only one sate of Australian and further research is needed to see the implication of the findings to wider community and other domains in the Australian environment.展开更多
Production prediction is an important factor influencing the realization of an intelligent agricultural supply chain.In an Internet of Things(IoT)environment,accurate yield prediction is one of the prerequisites for a...Production prediction is an important factor influencing the realization of an intelligent agricultural supply chain.In an Internet of Things(IoT)environment,accurate yield prediction is one of the prerequisites for achieving an efficient response in an intelligent agricultural supply chain.As an example,this study applied a conventional prediction method and deep learning prediction model to predict the yield of a characteristic regional fruit(the Shatian pomelo)in a comparative study.The root means square error(RMSE)values of regression analysis,exponential smoothing,grey prediction,grey neural network,support vector regression(SVR),and long short-term memory(LSTM)neural network methods were 53.715,6.707,18.440,1.580,and 1.436,respectively.Among these,the mean square error(MSE)values of the grey neural network,SVR,and LSTM neural network methods were 2.4979,31.652,and 2.0618,respectively;and theirRvalues were 0.99905,0.94,and 0.94501,respectively.The results demonstrated that the RMSE of the deep learning model is generally lower than that of a traditional prediction model,and the prediction results are more accurate.The prediction performance of the grey neural network was shown to be superior to that of SVR,and LSTM neural network,based on the comparison of parameters.展开更多
A sharp increase in economic and human development has multiplied the carbon intensity due to which there is a significant need of effective strategies in order to curb carbon emissions.Thus,the present study aims to ...A sharp increase in economic and human development has multiplied the carbon intensity due to which there is a significant need of effective strategies in order to curb carbon emissions.Thus,the present study aims to examine the effective of green finance,eco-innovation,renewable energy output(REO),renewable energy consumption(REC),and carbon taxes on carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions in BRICS countries in the time of 2001-2020.Cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag(CS ARDL)is used to test the connection among the variables.Empirical estimations of CS-ARDL approach validates the effectiveness of green finance,eco-innovation,REO,REC,carbon taxes,and industrialization as the relationship of these factors with carbon emissions is negative in nature in BRICS economies.Based on the evidences,the study recommends the formulation of environmentally friendly practices and advancement in green finances to mitigate carbon emissions.展开更多
Objective: To expose the problems and inherent limitations of neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders. Method: Discussion of the theory underlying brain research on mental disorders, followed by a system...Objective: To expose the problems and inherent limitations of neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders. Method: Discussion of the theory underlying brain research on mental disorders, followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. Results: The fundamental problem is that brain researchers fail to differentiate between biological mental disorders in which brain processes cause the disorder (notably schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and melancholic depression) and learned mental disorders in which brain processes mediate but do not cause the disorder (which is the case with reactive depression, reactive anxiety, OCD, and PTSD). Researchers have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the brain that cause biological mental disorders, and will never be able to locate the innumerable specific neural connections that mediate learned mental disorders. Moreover, the author’s review of typical studies in this field shows that they have serious problems with theory, measurement, and data analysis, and that their findings cannot be trusted. Conclusions: Neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders, unlike other neurological research, has been an expensive failure and it is not worth continuing.展开更多
To troubleshoot two problems arising from the segmentation of manganese nodule images-uneven illumination and morphological defects caused by white sand coverage,we propose,with reference to features of manganese nodu...To troubleshoot two problems arising from the segmentation of manganese nodule images-uneven illumination and morphological defects caused by white sand coverage,we propose,with reference to features of manganese nodules,a method called“background gray value calculation”.As the result of the image procession with the aid this method,the two problems above are solved eventually,together with acquisition of a segmentable image of manganese nodules.As a result,its comparison with other segmentation methods justifies its feasibility and stability.Judging from simulation results,it is indicated that this method is applicable to repair the target shape in the image,and segment the manganese nodule image in a short time.Also,it could be used to synchronously process a large number of manganese nodules on different conditions in an image,laying a good foundation for automatic underwater manganese nodule survey.Even if the target in the image is slightly distorted,the statistical data of manganese nodules are still accurate.Moreover,other methods cannot be fully applied to the segmentation of manganese nodule images;in another word,the effectiveness and stability of this method are proved.展开更多
The decline or loss of traditional social- ecological systems may induce adverse effects to the societies and ecosystems. Transhumance, the recurring and seasonal movement of grazing livestock, is increasingly constra...The decline or loss of traditional social- ecological systems may induce adverse effects to the societies and ecosystems. Transhumance, the recurring and seasonal movement of grazing livestock, is increasingly constrained by a numbers of factors including policy, land use and soeio-economic changes in Nepal. To explore how these changes have affected the transhumance, this study investigated transhumance at the Langtang valley in central Nepal. The specific objectives of this study were to determine the herd size and composition, spatial-temporal patterns and to identify the major drivers of the system and the system changes. Data were collected from field study comprising semi-structured interviews with the herders, focus group discussions, key informants survey, and observations of rangeland and livestock management systems. The study revealed that the transhumanee system in the Langtang is influenced by two types of drivers. In one hand, traditional practices are contributing to the sustainability of the system. On the other hand, the grazing patterns and adaptive responses are strongly influenced by changes in government policies, socioeconomic and cultural transformation, livestock productivity, markets, rangeland conditions and climate change. The findings of this study help with the development and implementation of transhumance management policy for the sustainability.展开更多
Background:The purpose of this study is to investigate how an increase in information-sharing bureaus affects financial access.Methods:We employed contemporary and non-contemporary interactive quantile regressions in ...Background:The purpose of this study is to investigate how an increase in information-sharing bureaus affects financial access.Methods:We employed contemporary and non-contemporary interactive quantile regressions in 53 African countries for the period 2004–2011.Information-sharing bureaus are proxied with public credit registries and private credit offices.Financial development dynamics involving depth(at overall economic and financial system levels),efficiency(at banking and financial system levels),activity(from banking and financial system perspectives),and size are used.Results:Two key findings are established.First,the effect of an increase in private credit bureaus is not clearly noticeable on financial access,probably because private credit agencies are still to be established in many countries.Second,an increase in public credit registries for the most part improves financial allocation efficiency and activity(or credit)between the 25th and 75th quartiles.Conclusions:As a main policy implication,countries in the top and bottom ends of the financial efficiency and activity distributions are unlikely to benefit from enhanced financial allocation efficiency as a result of an increase in public credit registries.展开更多
Standard costing is used as a control for product costing. But with life cycle becoming shorter, costing should be done at the design and development stage of a product. This is achieved through target costing.The imp...Standard costing is used as a control for product costing. But with life cycle becoming shorter, costing should be done at the design and development stage of a product. This is achieved through target costing.The implementation of target costing and target pricing is done with the ultimate purpose of cost reduction, cost understanding, continuous improvement, competitiveness, early purchasing and supplier involvement, and improved design and accountability by manufacturers. The study explores the participation of the purchasing and supply chain management's role in target costing and target pricing process. Supply management plays an active role in monitoring the ongoing cost and performance of suppliers during the early stages of product development. Implementation of target costing and target pricing in various organizations are also explored. Leading Japanese manufacturers have used target costing and target pricing systems to their advantage and the paper also examines the adaptation of the Western companies to these proactive cost management techniques to improve their product development processes.展开更多
For a modem organization, KM (Knowledge Management) plays a critical role in terms of strategy development. Key determinants of KM lead to better understanding of various influences that enable and organisation to f...For a modem organization, KM (Knowledge Management) plays a critical role in terms of strategy development. Key determinants of KM lead to better understanding of various influences that enable and organisation to face competitors. For this reason, sharing and managing knowledge in an organization involves a series of activities that are related to the specific functional aspects of that organisation. In order to foster KM in an organisation, these functional aspects must be understood properly, and within the context of a given organisation, its geographical location and the cultural aspects of the given organisation. This was the premise on which this study was conducted with Indian organisations. A mixed method approach was used to understand the views of Indian region towards KM in this study, be selecting 400 participants in four major each cities. A second order regression model was built using Structural Equation Model to arrive at nine constructs that are relevant to KM in an organisation.展开更多
Sustainable tourism represents a form of tourism which generates and creates economic benefits for the local community and at the same time takes care of the local ecosystem as well as the culture and customs of the l...Sustainable tourism represents a form of tourism which generates and creates economic benefits for the local community and at the same time takes care of the local ecosystem as well as the culture and customs of the local community.This form of tourism is mostly convenient for rural areas which have contained their natural and socio-cultural uniqueness.Unfortunately,the potentials of Montenegro for developing this form of tourism are slightly or almost hardly exploited.A crucial limiting factor for developing ecotourism is a lack of an overall strategy which would stimulate and enhance the development of many potential tourist destinations which did not valorise their tourists during the development of ecotourism,as well as those tourist destinations which did so but in an improper and insufficient way.The aim of this paper is to point out the state and possibilities for developing ecotourism based on sustainable tourism in selected areas along the Montenegrin Coast and to emphasise guidelines for sustainable development of these areas in the future.This is why an empirical research has been conducted based on the method of semi-structured interviews.By developing ecotourism and managing resources in accordance with sustainable development of this area,a high quality tourist product could be offered to the market.展开更多
The inspection activities are often carried out to detect possible indication of failures in plant systems.This paper considers a single unit system subject to two types of failures, where one failure mode is the trad...The inspection activities are often carried out to detect possible indication of failures in plant systems.This paper considers a single unit system subject to two types of failures, where one failure mode is the traditional0-1 logic failure and the other failure mode is described by a two-stage failure process. Adjustable inspections are used to detect the defective stage of the latter. We assume that the inspection duration gets shorter and shorter with a constant ratio. At the same time, preventive replacement is used to avoid the possible failure due to the former failure mode. The renewal process of this system is analyzed and the expected long-run cost per unit time(ELRCUT) is derived. The optimal inspection period and the preventive replacement interval to minimize ELRCUT are studied. At last, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the proposed model.展开更多
The confluence of several factors including government fiscal pressures and growing opportunities for tax minimization in a digital economy prompted the OECD to embark on a program to reduce base erosion and profit sh...The confluence of several factors including government fiscal pressures and growing opportunities for tax minimization in a digital economy prompted the OECD to embark on a program to reduce base erosion and profit shifting(BEPS).At the same time,countries became increasingly unhappy about international tax rules that left them unable to impose income taxes on companies earning profits by selling to customers inside their country without establishing a taxable presence there.The frustration led to unilateral responses that prompted the OECD to develop proposals to address this problem as well.The OECD’s proposals to reduce profit shifting and enhance taxing rights of sales destination countries evolved into what are now known as Pillar One and Pillar Two international tax reforms.This paper provides an overview of the operation of each of the Pillars and notes the limitations that prevent them from addressing the underlying causes of profit shifting and providing full taxing rights to sales destination jurisdictions.展开更多
Blockchain is disrupting the banking industry and contributing to the increased big data in banking.However,there exists a gap in research and development into blockchain-ed big data in banking from an academic perspe...Blockchain is disrupting the banking industry and contributing to the increased big data in banking.However,there exists a gap in research and development into blockchain-ed big data in banking from an academic perspective,and this gap is expected to have a significant negative impact on the adoption and development of blockchain technology for banking.In hope of motivating more active engagement by academics,researchers and bankers alike,we present the most comprehensive review of the impact of blockchain in banking to date by summarizing the opportunities and challenges from a bankers perspective.In addition,we also discuss the impact that big data from blockchain will have on banking data analytics in future and show the increasing importance of filtering and signal extraction for the banking industry.Whilst there is evidence of selected banks adopting blockchain technology in isolation or small groups,we find the need for extensive research and development into several aspects of banking with blockchain to overcome the challenges which are currently hindering its adoption in banking across the globe.展开更多
This paper examines the information content of implied volatility in the Chinese covered warrant market and finds that the implied volatility is consistently higher than the realized volatility for .all warrants and a...This paper examines the information content of implied volatility in the Chinese covered warrant market and finds that the implied volatility is consistently higher than the realized volatility for .all warrants and across all maturities. The implied volatility has very little information content for future volatility in the Chinese warrant market which is dominated by retail investors. Possible explanations for the results are regulatory issues such as restrictions on the short-selling of warrants, differential trading rules for stocks and warrants, high leverage and low trading costs and a market dominated by retail investors.展开更多
Smart City is an emerging concept in global urban development.A Smart City applies ICT technologies to provide greater efficiencies for its urban areas and civilian population.One of the key requirements for a Smart C...Smart City is an emerging concept in global urban development.A Smart City applies ICT technologies to provide greater efficiencies for its urban areas and civilian population.One of the key requirements for a Smart City is to exploit data from its ICT infrastructure(such as Internet of Things connected sensors)to improve city services and features such as accessibility and sustainability.To address this requirement,the City of Melbourne(COM)Smart City office maintains several hundred data sets relating to urban activity and development.These datasets address parking,mobility,land use,3D data,statistics,environment,and major city developments such as rail projects.One promising dataset relates to pedestrian traffic.Data are obtained from sensors and updated on the COM website(City of Melbourne Open Data Platform:https://data.melbourne.vic.gov.au/.)at regular intervals.These data include the number of pedestrians passing 53 specific locations in the central business district and also their times and directions of travel.In a 24 h period,over 650,000 pedestrians were counted passing all locations.Peak rates of several thousand pedestrians per minute are regularly recorded during city rush hours at hotspots making the data amenable to Big Data analysis techniques.Results are obtained in graphical format as heatmaps and charts of city pedestrian traffic using both Microsoft Excel^(■)for static analysis and PowerBI^(■)for more advanced interactive visualisation and analysis.These findings can identify pedestrian hotspots and inform future locations of traffic lights and street configurations to make the city more pedestrian friendly.Further,the experience gained can be used to examine other data sets such as bicycle traffic that can be analysed to inform city infrastructure projects.Future work is suggested that could link these pedestrian flow data with social media data from smartphones and potentially wearable devices such as fitness monitors to correlate pedestrian satisfaction with traffic flow.The‘happiness’effect of pedestrians passing through green areas such as city parks can also be quantified.This research was undertaken with the assistance of Swinburne University under its Capstone Project scheme.展开更多
文摘This study aimed to understand disruptive thinking and how its ideas can change the food industry. This was achieved by identifying, studying, and understanding the impacts, current trends, and different disruptive ideas and innovations emerging in the food industry. The study was conducted through interpretive research philosophy by carrying out secondary data collection processes, where both qualitative and quantitative information was presented. Deductive approaches were also selected to apply existing theories and models, which were used to construct research hypotheses and present detailed findings. The study finds that, with disruptive thinking, enhancements in the product life cycle, new flavors, and improvements in food packaging have been possible. The supply chain, which is always considered a complex part of the food industry, has been streamlined, offering greater transparency and real-time tracking and improving quality control across distribution systems.
文摘One of the emerging technologies is wireless handheld technology. Implication of these devices is enormous for business community and healthcare domain is not an exception to this phenomena. This research paper provides some useful findings about the use of PDA's in the healthcare environment through actual usage of PDA in the healthcare ward. A qualitative and quantitative approach is adopted to explore these phenomena due to the exploratory nature of the research. Findings of this study identify some of the motivators and issues associated with the wireless handheld technology in healthcare environment. Furthermore, it is also found that these wireless handheld devices can help to improve the quality of care through better decision making processes. This study is limited to only one sate of Australian and further research is needed to see the implication of the findings to wider community and other domains in the Australian environment.
基金This work was supported by the 2021‘Cultivation plan for thousands of young andmiddle-aged backbone teachers in Guangxi Colleges and universities’by the Project of Humanities and Social Sciences in‘Research on Collaborative Integration of Logistics Service Supply Chain under High-QualityDevelopmentGoals’(2021QGRW044)In addition,the studywas supported by the 2019 National Social Science Project in‘Research on the Integration of Transnational Supply Chains under the Belt and Road Initiative(19BJY184)’This paper was also supported by Guangxi Philosophy and Social Science Planning Office Project:Research on the DynamicMechanism and Model Innovation of the Cross-border Integration Growth of Guangxi Logistics Enterprises(18BGL010).
文摘Production prediction is an important factor influencing the realization of an intelligent agricultural supply chain.In an Internet of Things(IoT)environment,accurate yield prediction is one of the prerequisites for achieving an efficient response in an intelligent agricultural supply chain.As an example,this study applied a conventional prediction method and deep learning prediction model to predict the yield of a characteristic regional fruit(the Shatian pomelo)in a comparative study.The root means square error(RMSE)values of regression analysis,exponential smoothing,grey prediction,grey neural network,support vector regression(SVR),and long short-term memory(LSTM)neural network methods were 53.715,6.707,18.440,1.580,and 1.436,respectively.Among these,the mean square error(MSE)values of the grey neural network,SVR,and LSTM neural network methods were 2.4979,31.652,and 2.0618,respectively;and theirRvalues were 0.99905,0.94,and 0.94501,respectively.The results demonstrated that the RMSE of the deep learning model is generally lower than that of a traditional prediction model,and the prediction results are more accurate.The prediction performance of the grey neural network was shown to be superior to that of SVR,and LSTM neural network,based on the comparison of parameters.
文摘A sharp increase in economic and human development has multiplied the carbon intensity due to which there is a significant need of effective strategies in order to curb carbon emissions.Thus,the present study aims to examine the effective of green finance,eco-innovation,renewable energy output(REO),renewable energy consumption(REC),and carbon taxes on carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions in BRICS countries in the time of 2001-2020.Cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag(CS ARDL)is used to test the connection among the variables.Empirical estimations of CS-ARDL approach validates the effectiveness of green finance,eco-innovation,REO,REC,carbon taxes,and industrialization as the relationship of these factors with carbon emissions is negative in nature in BRICS economies.Based on the evidences,the study recommends the formulation of environmentally friendly practices and advancement in green finances to mitigate carbon emissions.
文摘Objective: To expose the problems and inherent limitations of neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders. Method: Discussion of the theory underlying brain research on mental disorders, followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. Results: The fundamental problem is that brain researchers fail to differentiate between biological mental disorders in which brain processes cause the disorder (notably schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and melancholic depression) and learned mental disorders in which brain processes mediate but do not cause the disorder (which is the case with reactive depression, reactive anxiety, OCD, and PTSD). Researchers have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the brain that cause biological mental disorders, and will never be able to locate the innumerable specific neural connections that mediate learned mental disorders. Moreover, the author’s review of typical studies in this field shows that they have serious problems with theory, measurement, and data analysis, and that their findings cannot be trusted. Conclusions: Neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders, unlike other neurological research, has been an expensive failure and it is not worth continuing.
基金This work and Mao were supported by Open Fund Project of China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience(KLSG1802)Science&Technology Project of China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association(DY135-N1-1-05)Science&Technology Project of Zhoushan city of Zhejiang Province(2019C42271,2019C33205).
文摘To troubleshoot two problems arising from the segmentation of manganese nodule images-uneven illumination and morphological defects caused by white sand coverage,we propose,with reference to features of manganese nodules,a method called“background gray value calculation”.As the result of the image procession with the aid this method,the two problems above are solved eventually,together with acquisition of a segmentable image of manganese nodules.As a result,its comparison with other segmentation methods justifies its feasibility and stability.Judging from simulation results,it is indicated that this method is applicable to repair the target shape in the image,and segment the manganese nodule image in a short time.Also,it could be used to synchronously process a large number of manganese nodules on different conditions in an image,laying a good foundation for automatic underwater manganese nodule survey.Even if the target in the image is slightly distorted,the statistical data of manganese nodules are still accurate.Moreover,other methods cannot be fully applied to the segmentation of manganese nodule images;in another word,the effectiveness and stability of this method are proved.
文摘The decline or loss of traditional social- ecological systems may induce adverse effects to the societies and ecosystems. Transhumance, the recurring and seasonal movement of grazing livestock, is increasingly constrained by a numbers of factors including policy, land use and soeio-economic changes in Nepal. To explore how these changes have affected the transhumance, this study investigated transhumance at the Langtang valley in central Nepal. The specific objectives of this study were to determine the herd size and composition, spatial-temporal patterns and to identify the major drivers of the system and the system changes. Data were collected from field study comprising semi-structured interviews with the herders, focus group discussions, key informants survey, and observations of rangeland and livestock management systems. The study revealed that the transhumanee system in the Langtang is influenced by two types of drivers. In one hand, traditional practices are contributing to the sustainability of the system. On the other hand, the grazing patterns and adaptive responses are strongly influenced by changes in government policies, socioeconomic and cultural transformation, livestock productivity, markets, rangeland conditions and climate change. The findings of this study help with the development and implementation of transhumance management policy for the sustainability.
文摘Background:The purpose of this study is to investigate how an increase in information-sharing bureaus affects financial access.Methods:We employed contemporary and non-contemporary interactive quantile regressions in 53 African countries for the period 2004–2011.Information-sharing bureaus are proxied with public credit registries and private credit offices.Financial development dynamics involving depth(at overall economic and financial system levels),efficiency(at banking and financial system levels),activity(from banking and financial system perspectives),and size are used.Results:Two key findings are established.First,the effect of an increase in private credit bureaus is not clearly noticeable on financial access,probably because private credit agencies are still to be established in many countries.Second,an increase in public credit registries for the most part improves financial allocation efficiency and activity(or credit)between the 25th and 75th quartiles.Conclusions:As a main policy implication,countries in the top and bottom ends of the financial efficiency and activity distributions are unlikely to benefit from enhanced financial allocation efficiency as a result of an increase in public credit registries.
文摘Standard costing is used as a control for product costing. But with life cycle becoming shorter, costing should be done at the design and development stage of a product. This is achieved through target costing.The implementation of target costing and target pricing is done with the ultimate purpose of cost reduction, cost understanding, continuous improvement, competitiveness, early purchasing and supplier involvement, and improved design and accountability by manufacturers. The study explores the participation of the purchasing and supply chain management's role in target costing and target pricing process. Supply management plays an active role in monitoring the ongoing cost and performance of suppliers during the early stages of product development. Implementation of target costing and target pricing in various organizations are also explored. Leading Japanese manufacturers have used target costing and target pricing systems to their advantage and the paper also examines the adaptation of the Western companies to these proactive cost management techniques to improve their product development processes.
文摘For a modem organization, KM (Knowledge Management) plays a critical role in terms of strategy development. Key determinants of KM lead to better understanding of various influences that enable and organisation to face competitors. For this reason, sharing and managing knowledge in an organization involves a series of activities that are related to the specific functional aspects of that organisation. In order to foster KM in an organisation, these functional aspects must be understood properly, and within the context of a given organisation, its geographical location and the cultural aspects of the given organisation. This was the premise on which this study was conducted with Indian organisations. A mixed method approach was used to understand the views of Indian region towards KM in this study, be selecting 400 participants in four major each cities. A second order regression model was built using Structural Equation Model to arrive at nine constructs that are relevant to KM in an organisation.
文摘Sustainable tourism represents a form of tourism which generates and creates economic benefits for the local community and at the same time takes care of the local ecosystem as well as the culture and customs of the local community.This form of tourism is mostly convenient for rural areas which have contained their natural and socio-cultural uniqueness.Unfortunately,the potentials of Montenegro for developing this form of tourism are slightly or almost hardly exploited.A crucial limiting factor for developing ecotourism is a lack of an overall strategy which would stimulate and enhance the development of many potential tourist destinations which did not valorise their tourists during the development of ecotourism,as well as those tourist destinations which did so but in an improper and insufficient way.The aim of this paper is to point out the state and possibilities for developing ecotourism based on sustainable tourism in selected areas along the Montenegrin Coast and to emphasise guidelines for sustainable development of these areas in the future.This is why an empirical research has been conducted based on the method of semi-structured interviews.By developing ecotourism and managing resources in accordance with sustainable development of this area,a high quality tourist product could be offered to the market.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71231001,71301009 and71420107023)Ministry of Education Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor Fund of China(No.20120006110025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.Fl TR-TP-15-031A3)
文摘The inspection activities are often carried out to detect possible indication of failures in plant systems.This paper considers a single unit system subject to two types of failures, where one failure mode is the traditional0-1 logic failure and the other failure mode is described by a two-stage failure process. Adjustable inspections are used to detect the defective stage of the latter. We assume that the inspection duration gets shorter and shorter with a constant ratio. At the same time, preventive replacement is used to avoid the possible failure due to the former failure mode. The renewal process of this system is analyzed and the expected long-run cost per unit time(ELRCUT) is derived. The optimal inspection period and the preventive replacement interval to minimize ELRCUT are studied. At last, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the proposed model.
文摘The confluence of several factors including government fiscal pressures and growing opportunities for tax minimization in a digital economy prompted the OECD to embark on a program to reduce base erosion and profit shifting(BEPS).At the same time,countries became increasingly unhappy about international tax rules that left them unable to impose income taxes on companies earning profits by selling to customers inside their country without establishing a taxable presence there.The frustration led to unilateral responses that prompted the OECD to develop proposals to address this problem as well.The OECD’s proposals to reduce profit shifting and enhance taxing rights of sales destination countries evolved into what are now known as Pillar One and Pillar Two international tax reforms.This paper provides an overview of the operation of each of the Pillars and notes the limitations that prevent them from addressing the underlying causes of profit shifting and providing full taxing rights to sales destination jurisdictions.
文摘Blockchain is disrupting the banking industry and contributing to the increased big data in banking.However,there exists a gap in research and development into blockchain-ed big data in banking from an academic perspective,and this gap is expected to have a significant negative impact on the adoption and development of blockchain technology for banking.In hope of motivating more active engagement by academics,researchers and bankers alike,we present the most comprehensive review of the impact of blockchain in banking to date by summarizing the opportunities and challenges from a bankers perspective.In addition,we also discuss the impact that big data from blockchain will have on banking data analytics in future and show the increasing importance of filtering and signal extraction for the banking industry.Whilst there is evidence of selected banks adopting blockchain technology in isolation or small groups,we find the need for extensive research and development into several aspects of banking with blockchain to overcome the challenges which are currently hindering its adoption in banking across the globe.
文摘This paper examines the information content of implied volatility in the Chinese covered warrant market and finds that the implied volatility is consistently higher than the realized volatility for .all warrants and across all maturities. The implied volatility has very little information content for future volatility in the Chinese warrant market which is dominated by retail investors. Possible explanations for the results are regulatory issues such as restrictions on the short-selling of warrants, differential trading rules for stocks and warrants, high leverage and low trading costs and a market dominated by retail investors.
基金The authors acknowledge the support of Dr Gilbert Ravalli from Swinburne University of Tech-nology with assistance in obtaining funding for a Capstone Project.
文摘Smart City is an emerging concept in global urban development.A Smart City applies ICT technologies to provide greater efficiencies for its urban areas and civilian population.One of the key requirements for a Smart City is to exploit data from its ICT infrastructure(such as Internet of Things connected sensors)to improve city services and features such as accessibility and sustainability.To address this requirement,the City of Melbourne(COM)Smart City office maintains several hundred data sets relating to urban activity and development.These datasets address parking,mobility,land use,3D data,statistics,environment,and major city developments such as rail projects.One promising dataset relates to pedestrian traffic.Data are obtained from sensors and updated on the COM website(City of Melbourne Open Data Platform:https://data.melbourne.vic.gov.au/.)at regular intervals.These data include the number of pedestrians passing 53 specific locations in the central business district and also their times and directions of travel.In a 24 h period,over 650,000 pedestrians were counted passing all locations.Peak rates of several thousand pedestrians per minute are regularly recorded during city rush hours at hotspots making the data amenable to Big Data analysis techniques.Results are obtained in graphical format as heatmaps and charts of city pedestrian traffic using both Microsoft Excel^(■)for static analysis and PowerBI^(■)for more advanced interactive visualisation and analysis.These findings can identify pedestrian hotspots and inform future locations of traffic lights and street configurations to make the city more pedestrian friendly.Further,the experience gained can be used to examine other data sets such as bicycle traffic that can be analysed to inform city infrastructure projects.Future work is suggested that could link these pedestrian flow data with social media data from smartphones and potentially wearable devices such as fitness monitors to correlate pedestrian satisfaction with traffic flow.The‘happiness’effect of pedestrians passing through green areas such as city parks can also be quantified.This research was undertaken with the assistance of Swinburne University under its Capstone Project scheme.