Preparation of Artificial Antigen and Egg Yolk-derived Immunoglobulin(IgY) of Citrinin for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Objective To prepare artificial antigens and anti-citrinin egg yolk-derived immunoglobulin （IgY） to build an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） for citrinin （CTN）. Methods CTN was conjugated with bovine serum albumin （BSA）, ovalbumin （OVA） with formaldehyde condensation method to prepare artificial antigens and identified by ultraviolet （UV） spectrometry and Infrared （IR） spectrometry. Artificial antigens for CTN and anti-CTN IgY were purified with polyethylene glycol two-step precipitation method and identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. ELISA with IgY was established. Cross-reactivity of IgY with various structural similarities to CTN and possible co-occurrence with CTN in agricultural commodities were studied. Results UV and IR absorption spectra suggested that CTN was correlated with the carrier protein of BSA or OVA. SDS-PAGE patterns showed that the anti-CTN IgY was almost pure with a molecular weight of approximate 100 KD. The indirect competitive ELISA showed that the detection limit of CTN was 10 ng·mL^-1, with a good linearity ranging 20-640 ng·mL^-1. Conclusion Artificial antigens of CTN can be successfully synthesized. The established ELISA can be used to determine CTN- contaminated samples.

Catalytic Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether to Hydrocarbons over SnO_2/MgO and SnO_2/CaO Catalysts

A novel reverse microemulsion method was used to prepare SnO2/MgO and SnO2/CaO catalysts. It was found that both the catalysts were active for the reaction of catalytic oxidation of dimethyl ether （DME） in the temperature range of 275 to 300 ℃. SnO2/CaO catalyst exhibits much higher activity than SnO2/MgO. On SnO2/CaO catalyst, DME conversion of 21.8% was obtained at 300℃, while selectivities to methyl formate （MF） and dimethoxyethane （DMET） of 19.1% and 59.0% respectively were obtained at 275 ℃.

Preparation, Curing Reactivity and Thermal Properties of Titanium-doped Silicone Resins

Novel titanium-doped silicone resins were synthesized from low-cost silane monomers and tetrabutyl titanate as raw materials and hydrochloric acid as catalyst, with titanium element as dopant into principal chain of Si-O-Si. The resins were characterized by means of FTIR, IH NMR and 13C NMR spectra, their thermal properties and curing properties were investigated and their corresponding films were determined. The results show that the thermal stability and storage stability of the resins were influenced by the types of silane monomers containing dif- ferent carbon atomicities of organic group. The thermal stability of the titanium-doped silicone resin with a molar ratio of silane monomer B（n-propyl triethoxysilane） to silane monomer C（n-octyl triethoxysilane） being 1：1 is superior to that of the resin with a molar ratio of silane monomer B to silane monomer C being 1：3. However, the storage stability of the former is inferior to that of the latter. This work also showed that the synthesized titanium-doped silicone resins have the highest thermal stability up to 450--500℃ with an atomicity molar ratio of 1：4 of titanium to silicon in the reactants. But the best storage stability of the resin prepared from the reactants with an atomicity molar ratio of 1：6[n（Ti）：n（Si）] was obtained. The effect of the type and content of curing agent on the curing properties of the resin was also studied. Moreover, thermal mechanism and curing mechanism were proposed in this work.

Preparation and Swelling Behaviors of Rapid Responsive Semi-IPN NaCMC/PNIPAm Hydrogels

Semi-interpenetrating network（semi-IPN） hydrogels composed of sodium carboxylmethylcellulose（NaCMC） and poly N-isopropylacrylamide（PNIPAm） were prepared by free radical polymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide（NIPAm） in dimethylsulfoxide（DMSO） in the presence of NaCMC. The structures of hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. SEM images show that the hydrogels present porous network structures. Most water in the hydrogels were free water and freezing water. The equilibrium swelling ratio（ESR） and swelling rate（SR） were quite different at various swelling temperature. ESR of the hydrogels ranged abruptly from 15.2 g/g to 1.56 g/g and the hydrogels changed from transparent into opaque with swelling temperature changing from 33 ℃ to 34 ℃, that is to say, the hydrogels exhibited the good temperature sensitivity at about 33 ℃ similar to low critical solution temperature（LCST） of pure PNIPAm, swelling rate were very different at below and above LCST due to hydrogel swelling with different swelling mechanism. Moreover, the semi-IPN hydrogels swelled much rapidly than pure PNIPAm hydrogels did at room temperature, the equillibrium swelling ratio（ESR） and swelling rate of the hydrogels increased with increasing of NaCMC content, i e. It is suggested that NaCMC could be potential for preparation of porous and rapid swelling hydrogels

Controlled release and enhanced antibacterial activity of salicylic acid by hydrogen bonding with chitosan

Microcapsules of salicylic acid(SA)with chitosan were prepared by spray drying method.Various analytical methods were used to characterize the nature of microcapsules.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)confirmed the presence of intermolecular interactions between chitosan and SA.Particle size analysis showed that the average size of microcapsules ranged from 2 to 20 μm.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)studies indicated that the microspheres were spherical and had a relatively smooth surface.Microbiological assay of antibacterial activity for SA and its microcapsules was measured using different bacterial strains.It was found that the antibacterial activity of SA was improved after the formation of microcapsules.The in vitro release profile showed that the microcapsules could control SA release from 1 h to 4 h.Kinetic studies revealed that the release pattern follows Korsmeyer–Peppas mechanism.Enhanced antibacterial activity of the SA microcapsules was attributed to the synergistic effects of intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions N–H?O and O–H?O_C between SA and chitosan.It was also confirmed by quantum chemical calculation.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of B. henselae Houston and B. henselae Marseille by Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

To compare the protein difference between B. henselae Houston and B. henselae Marseille by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Method Protein samples were prepared by vorterx, ultrasonic treatment, and centrifugation. Protein concentrations were determined by Bradford method. Protein difference was compared by the first IEF and the second SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results Protein concentrations in samples of Bartonella henselae Houston and Bartonella henselae Marseille were 2.117 μg/μL and 2.200 μg/μL respectively. Sample protein of 40 μg for IPG strips loading was perfect. The results of 2-DE in pH 4 to 7 IPG strips showed that the total protein spots of Bartonella henselae Houston and Bartonella henselae Marseille were 375 and 379 respectively, 95% of the spots were the same between the two strains of Bartonella henselae. Conclusion The procedure of 2-DE may prove successful for the proteomic analysis of Bartonella henselae. Bartonella henselae Houston and Bartonella henselae Marseille are different genotypes.

Study on hexaaluminate MnLaAl_(11)O_(19-δ) catalyst for catalytic combustive reaction of dimethyl ether as a new fuel

Study on catalytic combustive reaction of dimethyl ether as a new fuel was presented. Hexaaluminate catalysts were used to reduce ignition temperature so that dimethyl ether completely combusted at low temperature. Hexaaluminate catalysts MnLaAl11O19-δ were prepared by reverse microemulsion method. Crystalline phase and structure of the catalyst were analysed by means of TG-DTA, XRD and BET. The results show that the hexaalunminate is of magnetoplumbite structure when La is taken as mirror plane cation. Hexaalunminate phase is formed slowly via 1050 ℃ calcined for 4 h and it can keep hexaaluminate phase and high surface area of 48 m2·g-1 even calcined at 1200 ℃ for 2 h. Catalytic activity of MnLaAl11O19-δ was tested in combustion reaction of dimethyl ether. It shows that hexaaluminate is of high activity with T10% at 170 ℃ and almost 100% conversion at 370 ℃.

Effect of Ho-doping on photocatalytic activity of nanosized TiO_2 catalyst

Ho-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with higher photocatalytic activity were prepared by an acid-catalyzed sol-gel method. The photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange in aqueous solution was used as a probe reaction to evaluate their photocatalytic activities. The effects of Ho doping on the crystallite sizes, crystal pattern, surface composition, and optical property of the catalysts were investigated by means of techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Transmission Electron Microscopy （TEM）, Diffuse Reflectance UV-Vis Spectroscopy （UV-Vis DRS）, Fourier Transform Infrared （FT-IR）, and Photo-Luminiscence （PL） spectra. Moreover, the modification mechanism of Ho doping was also discussed. The results showed that Ho doping could inhibit phase transformation from anatase to rntile, suppress the growth of TiO2 grains, cause blue shift of the absorption spectrum edge, accelerate surface hydroxylation, and enhance the separation efficiency of photoinduced electron-hole pairs, which resulted in a significant improvement in the photoreactivity of Ho-doped TiO2. Among them, the Ho-doped TiO2 calcined at 500℃ achieved the highest photocatalytic activity.

Effect of Preparation Methods on Activation of Catalysts BaNi0.2Mn0.8Al11O19-δ for Dimethyl Ether Combustion

在 hexaaluminate 催化剂 BaNi_(0.2 )Mn_(0.8 )Al_(11 )O_ 上的暗淡乙醇醚(DME ) 的催化燃烧(19- δ) 被调查了。催化剂分别地与大音阶的第五音胶化方法和反向的微乳液方法被准备并且由 thermogravimetry 微分的热分析， X 射线衍射和 transimission 电子显微镜描绘了。这被发现 Mn 的形成，修改 hexaaluminate 是的镍一相对经由二固态反应法和尖晶石结构的慢过程是一个转变阶段。在一样的锻烧的温度和时间，与反向的微乳液方法准备的催化剂能比与大音阶的第五音胶化方法准备了更容易形成 hexaaluminate 阶段。催化剂 BaNi_(0.2 )Mn_(0.8 )Al_(11 )O_( 与反向的微乳液方法准备的 19- δ) 出现了像板的形态学，当它出现了时像针的形态学当使用大音阶的第五音胶化方法时。催化剂 BaNi_(0.2 )Mn_(0.8 )Al_(11 )O_ 的催化活(为 DME 燃烧与二个不同方法作好准备的 19- δ) 被测试。它显示出与反向的微乳液方法准备的那催化剂最好催化活， DME 的 i.e.T_(10%) 由 45 ° C 减少了，在 380 ° C 的 diemthyl 醚的大约 90% 变换。

Blanc Reaction of Aromatic Compounds Catalyzed by Ionic Liquids

爱奥尼亚的液体为甲苯的 Blanc 反应被用作催化剂。离子的液体催化剂的反应温度，反应周期和剂量的效果被调查了，并且为甲苯 chloromethylation 的不同离子的液体催化剂的催化表演也被学习。反应被发现当路易斯酸不在时在温和条件下面继续优秀变换(多达 90%) 。没有他们的催化活的损失，离子的液体能被再循环并且再使用。

A New Dinuclear Gadolinium Complex Constructed from p-Phenylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic Acid and in situ Generated Oxalate

Routine solution reaction of Gd3＋ and p-phenylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid （p-PhDTA） yields a dinuclear complex [Gd2（ox）（p-PhDTA）2（H2O）10]·6H2O （ox = oxalate）, which was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction （MoKα radiation, = 0.71073）, elemental analysis and IR. This complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 10.2522（8）, b = 10.0053（8）, c = 23.8834（18）, = 99.1080（10）°, V = 2419.0（3）3, Z = 2, Mr = 1367.32, Dc = 1.877 g/cm3, F（000） = 1368, = 2.830 mm-1, the final R = 0.0337 and wR = 0.0794 for 4747 observed reflections （I 〉 2 （I））. The exo-tetradentate oxalate ligand, generated in situ from the oxidative coupling of methanol, is incorporated to construct a dinuclear Gd2（ox）2 unit decorated with p-PhDTA ligands on the two sides with a monodentate coordination mode. The dinuclear molecules are further connected by the lattice water molecules to form a three-dimen- sional hydrogen network.

固定β-环糊精制备不溶性β-环糊精聚合物及其催化性能(英文)

Insoluble β-cyclodextrin polymers were prepared from β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) using epichlorohydrin(EPI) as crosslinking agent under basic conditions.The polymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR),Thermogravimetry(TG),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and TG-FTIR.The results demonstrated that the polym-erization between EPI and β-CD indeed occurred,and a number of CD rings were interconnected to form a three-dimensional network.Moreover,different factors influencing the polymerization,e.g.molar ratio of EPI to β-CD,the concentration of NaOH and reaction temperature,have been investigated.The polymer prepared under the optimal conditions(the molar ratio EPI:β-CD of 44,the NaOH concentration 50% in mass,and the temperature at 65 ℃) showed excellent thermal stability and insolubility in organic solvents or strong acid/base.In addition,the β-cyclodextrin polymers also presented high catalytic activity for aqueous oxidation of benzyl alcohol with hy-pochlorite as oxidant.

Star hexacarboxylate:synthesis,crystal structure and luminescent properties of its terbium complex

A new star host, hexakis(carboxylphenyl-2-thiolmethyl)benzene(1H6), has been synthesized by a simple one-step condensation procedure with the high yield. Crystal structure of the DMSO adduct 1H6·6DMSO(2) reveals it to be rhombohedral crystal system, space group R-3, with a = b = 2.4129(2), c = 1.1576(3) nm, α=β= 90°, γ= 120°, V = 5.837(2) nm3,Z = 3. The six arms of side benzoic acid rings and the H-bonded DMSO molecules are located alternatively above and below the central benzene plane with '1,3,5-up/2,4,6-down' conformation. Terbium complex(Tb21)2Py·9H2O(3) was prepared in hot pyridine, which shows bright characterized Tb(III) emission with a longer lifetime and higher luminescent intensity than that of the corresponding terbium benzoate in solid state. These observations suggest that host 1 is a good antenna for sensitizing TbIII emission.

Ionic liquid mediated esterification of alcohol with acetic acid

Highly efficient esterification of alcohols with acetic acid by using a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid,i.e.,1-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate([Hnmp]HSO_(4)),as catalyst has been realized.The turnover numbers(TON)were able to reach up to 11000 and turnover frequency(TOF)was 846.The catalytic system is suitable for the esterification of long chain aliphatic alcohols,benzyl alcohol and cyclohexanol with good yields of esters.The procedure of separating the product and catalyst is simple,and the catalyst could be reused.[Hnmp]HSO_(4) had much weaker corrosiveness than H_(2)SO_(4).The corrosive rate of H_(2)SO_(4) was 400 times more than that of[Hnmp]HSO_(4) to stainless steel.

A highly active and selective chalcogen bond-mediated perchlorate channel

Artificial membrane transporters that either use chalcogen bonds to facilitate transmembrane flux of anions or show high selectivity toward perchlorate anions are rare.In this work,we report on one such novel monopeptide-based transporter system,featuring both chalcogen bonds for highly efficient anion transport and high transport selectivity toward ClO_(4)^(-) anions.Structurally,these monopeptide molecules associate with each other via H-bonds to produce H-bonded 1D stack that not only one dimensionally but also directionally aligns the terminal bicyclic thiophene motifs to the same side.Functionally,these well-aligned thiophenes create a sulfur-rich transmembrane pathway,combinatorially fine-tunable to enable anions to efficiently cross the membrane in the increasing activity of Cl^(-)<Br^(-)<NO_(3)^(-)<ClO_(4)^(-) via chalcogen bonds,with EC_(50)values of 0.75,0.40,0.37 and 0.093μmol/L(0.3 mol%relative to lipid molecules),respectively.

A novel red phosphor: Ca_2GeO_4:Eu^(3+)

A novel red phosphor Ca2GeO4:Eu3+ was prepared by the traditional solid state reaction. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis suggested that there was no impurity phase. The study on the diffusion reflection spectra of the undoped and Eu3+ doped Ca2GeO4 phosphors revealed an absorption band superposed of that of the host material and the Eu3+ ions. And the excitation spectrum presented a dominating broad band at 250–300 nm which was attributed to both the host material absorption and the charge transfer b...