Portrait of Online Lecture Issue on Accounting Students of Faculty of Economics and Business during COVID-19 Pandemic at Muhammadiyah Unversity of North Sumatra

The general purpose of this study is to formulate a portrait of the issue of online lectures on accounting students of the Faculty of Economics and Business during the covid-19 pandemic at the Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra.The research was conducted at the Faculty of Economics and Business.This type of research is survey research.The research sample is Grade 6/B Accounting Student of the Faculty of Economics and Business at the Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra.Data collection using interviews and question lists.Furthermore,data analysis is used i.e.SPSS statistics.The results showed,The media used by lecturers is very helpful to students in the learning process,related to the learning materials students agree each lecturer provides material following RPS,For every lecturer who conveys the material turns out that students do not understand what has been conveyed,even though students are given regular assignments,some lecturers are less respect for students who have impaired connections or networks,And this online lecture system makes students very complain about data packages.Students are more respect to face-to-face learning,and it turns out that the online lecture system has not been implemented to the maximum.

Size matters:analyzing bank profitability and efficiency under the Basel III framework

The latest regulatory framework,which has been introduced globally in the form of Basel III,and its implementation in the legislation of the member states of the Euro-pean Union has generated much interest in the impact of regulation on the efficiency and profitability of banks.This study aims to examine the impact of the introduction of two major regulatory changes(Basel II and Basel III)on bank performance,in terms of bank size and bank-specific and macroeconomic variables.A two-stage empirical anal-ysis was conducted on a sample of 433 European commercial banks over the 2006–2015 period.In the first stage,relative efficiency was calculated using non-parametric data envelopment analysis.In the second stage,the generalized method of moments was used to examine the impact of bank-specific and macroeconomic variables as well as regulation on bank performance,that is,profitability and efficiency.Consider-ing bank size,the results show a diverse impact of regulation on bank performance.Regarding large-and medium-sized banks,regulation positively affects both efficiency and profitability,whereas,for small banks,it negatively affects performance.The results suggest that larger banks have skillfully adapted to the new regulatory environment.In contrast,small banks have problems with profitability and efficiency because the new regulatory framework has imposed additional administrative and regulatory burdens.This could result in future failure or mergers with larger banks,resulting in a higher concentration in the banking sector and increased systemic risk.Our results strongly suggest that regulation should not be implemented equally for all banks;that is,on a one size fits all terms.A distinction between small and large banks when introducing new regulatory frameworks should be made if a reasonable level of competition is to be preserved.

The Compound F^2-index and the Compound H-index as Extension of the f^2 and h-indexes from a Dynamic Perspective

Purpose: Elaboration of an indicator to include the dynamic aspect of citations in bibliometric indexes.Design/methodology/approach: A new bibliometric methodology—the f^2-index—is applied at the career level and at the level of the recent 5 years to analyze the dynamic aspect of bibliometrics. The method is applied, as an illustration, to the field of corporate governance.Findings: The compound F^2-index as an extension of the f^2-index recognizes past achievements but also values new research work with potential. The method is extended to the h-index and the h^2-index. An activity index is defined as the ratio between the recent h'-index to the career h-index.Research limitations: The compound F^2 and H-indexes are PAC, probably approximately correct, and depend on the selection and database.Practical implications: The F^2-and H compound indexes allow identifying the rising stars of a field from a dynamic perspective. The activity ratio highlights the contribution of younger researchers.Originality/value: The new methodology demonstrates the underestimated dynamic capacity of bibliometric research.

Hedge effectiveness of put replication, gold, and oil on ASEAN-5 equities

The previous studies have shown that capital market integration has increased in the ASEAN-5,implying that investors making investment diversification across ASEAN capital markets could only earn limited diversification advantages.To diversify their portfolios,equity investors must find other assets.The main focus of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of put replication,gold,and oil on hedge equities in the ASEAN-5(Indonesia,Malaysia,Singapore,Thailand,and the Philippines).Protective put strategy,DCC-GARCH,and Markowitz optimization are used to measure hedge effectiveness,risk-adjusted-performance such as Sharpe ratio,drawdown,and Omega ratio.The result reveals that gold is a cheaper hedge than oil and oil-hedged strategy is more expensive in ASEAN-5 compared to oil exporting nations.Also,investors with big exposure to the oil-related portfolio should diversify to Philippine equity.From hedging effectiveness and risk-adjusted-performance perspectives,oil is less attractive than money market instruments and gold.This study also implies that risk-averse investors should prefer to put replication or guaranteed financial products compared to commodities-hedged strategy.

Equalities between h-type Indices and Definitions of Rational h-type Indicators

Purpose: To show for which publication-citation arrays h-type indices are equal and to reconsider rational h-type indices. Results for these research questions fill some gaps in existing basic knowledge about h-type indices.Design/methodology/approach: The results and introduction of new indicators are based on well-known definitions.Findings: The research purpose has been reached: answers to the first questions are obtained and new indicators are defined. Research limitations: h-type indices do not meet the Bouyssou-Marchant independence requirement.Practical implications: On the one hand, more insight has been obtained for well-known indices such as the h-and the g-index and on the other hand, simple extensions of existing indicators have been added to the bibliometric toolbox. Relative rational h-type indices are more useful for individuals than the existing absolute ones.Originality/value: Answers to basic questions such as "when are the values of two h-type indices equal" are provided. A new rational h-index is introduced.

Detection of Malignant and Benign Breast Cancer Using the ANOVA-BOOTSTRAP-SVM

Purpose:The aim of this research is to propose a modification of the ANOVA-SVM method that can increase accuracy when detecting benign and malignant breast cancer.Methodology:We proposed a new method ANOVA-BOOTSTRAP-SVM.It involves applying the analysis of variance(ANOVA)to support vector machines(SVM)but we use the bootstrap instead of cross validation as a train/test splitting procedure.We have tuned the kernel and the C parameter and tested our algorithm on a set of breast cancer datasets.Findings:By using the new method proposed,we succeeded in improving accuracy ranging from 4.5 percentage points to 8 percentage points depending on the dataset.Research limitations:The algorithm is sensitive to the type of kernel and value of the optimization parameter C.Practical implications:We believe that the ANOVA-BOOTSTRAP-SVM can be used not only to recognize the type of breast cancer but also for broader research in all types of cancer.Originality/value:Our findings are important as the algorithm can detect various types of cancer with higher accuracy compared to standard versions of the Support Vector Machines.

Fitness Age Score and the Risk of Long-Term Care Insurance Certification—The Kyoto-Kameoka Longitudinal Study

Long-Term Care Insurance System has been introduced to provide appropriate care for the elderly who needs nursing care in Japan. Physical function is one of most important function for the elderly to live independently. A previous study had established a Fitness Age Score (FAS) based on a theory for biomarker of aging. This study clarified whether the FAS could be used to predict the need for certification of long-term care (CLTC) in independent elderly people. We included 939 independent, community-dwelling-elderly (average age, 74.4 years) whose physical function was measured and for whom the CLTC was tracked for 24 months. The FAS comprised five physical fitness items: Walking time, grip strength, one-leg standing, vertical jump, and functional reach test. Based on the FAS, we calculated the odds ratio (OR) for the CLTC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) was used for further analysis. We also used the Youden Index (YI), minimum distance method (MD), and two-graph ROC method (TG) to calculate cutoff values (CVs) for screening. We divided subjects into the low and high physical fitness group with CVs. We developed cumulative CLTC curves using the Kaplan-Meier method. Sixteen people could not be tracked for the full 24 months. The measurement of FAS was completed for 798 people, of whom 28 became CLTC. The measurement of FAS was not completed for 125 people, of whom 21 became CLTC. The CLTC OR for people with incomplete FAS was 5.553. The AUC was 0.72 (p < 0.001). The CVs for the FAS were -0.29 for YI (sensitivity, 92.9% and specificity, 40.4%), -1.23 for MD (57.1% and 73.4%), and -0.81 for TG (60.7% and 60.9%). The cumulative CLTC curves according to CVs all showed significant differences (p = 0.000 - 0.020). In conclusion, the FAS can be used to predict CLTC.

Triggering economic growth to ensure financial stability:case study of Northern Cyprus

This study questions the importance of public debt in stable growth between 1980 and 2018,specifically,the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis and Keynesian view are questioned.This study used data obtained from the Northern Cyprus State Planning Office.A restricted vector autoregressive model is used to test the causal relationships between this model and public debt,government expenditure,total capital,consumption,investment,employment,net exports,exchange rate,and gross domestic product growth rate.To ensure financial stability,the variables that trigger economic growth through increased interactions were evaluated.Accordingly,unlike other studies,the Wald test results reveal that public debt does not have a direct effect on the gross national product but indirectly affects total capital,consumption,investment,and public expenditure,all of which influence real gross domestic product(RGDP).It has been observed that employment affects RGDP,consumption,government spending,and investment.There is also bidirectional causality between consumption,government spending,and RGDP.The estimates of the Ricardian equivalent hypothesis are important.However,today’s changing economic policies,declining real incomes,and consumer behavior in the face of ever-increasing inflation require that the theory be redesigned.Therefore,contrary to theoretical predictions,consumers are concerned about maintaining their standard of living rather than directing tax deductions to savings.Contrary to the claims of Keynesian researchers,no causal relationship is observed between public debt and growth in this study.However,public debt directly affects total capital,consumption,government spending,and investment,which are important for sustainable economic policy.

Quantifying social costs of coal-fired power plant generation

Coal has been dominating the electricity supply in Indonesia,especially in long-term power generation from fossil energy.This dominance is due to lower production costs in coal-fired power plant generation.However,this low price is only based on monetary costs and ignores the social costs.Therefore,this study aims to quantify the social costs of coal-fired generation.Using QUERI-AirPacts modeling,the present study quantifies the social costs resulting from the Tenayan Raya coal-fired generation in Riau,Indonesia.It includes the levelized cost of electricity and health costs into the generation costs.After that,this study calculates the net present value,internal rate return,and project payback period.The study found that as much as$50.22/MWh was the levelized cost of electricity.While$15.978/MWh or$0.015978/kWh was the social cost that was not included in the generating cost.At the electricity production level of 1,380,171.69 MWh per year,there is an expected extra cost of$22,052,383.30 uncounted when externalities are included.For instance,the net present value(NPV)is lower and even negative when external costs are included(-$24,062,274.19)compared to$176,108,091.52 when externalities are not considered.The internal rate of return(IRR)is much higher when the social costs are not considered.The payback period is also shorter when the social costs are excluded than when the externalities are included.This global number indicates that the inclusion of external costs would impact NPV,IRR,and the payback period.This result implies that the government should internalize the external cost to stimulate the electricity producers to conduct cost-benefit analyses.The cost-benefit analysis mechanism would lead the producers to be more efficient.

The notion of dominant terminology in bibliometric research

In this opinion paper, we introduce the expressions of dominant terminology and dominant term in the quantitative studies of science in analogy to the notion of dominant design in product development and innovation.

Tax avoidance and earnings management:a neural network approach for the largest European economies

In this study,we investigate the relationship between tax avoidance and earnings management in the largest five European Union economies by using artificial neural network regressions.This methodology allows us to deal with nonlinearities detected in the data,which is the principal contribution to the previous literature.We ana-lyzed Compustat data for Germany,the United Kingdom,France,Italy,and Spain for the 2006–2015 period,focusing on discretionary accruals.We considered three tax avoidance measures,two based on the effective tax rate(ETR)and one on book-tax differences(BTD).Our results indicate the presence of nonlinear patterns and a posi-tive,statistically significant relationship between discretionary accruals and both ETR indicators implying that when companies resort to earnings management,a larger tax-able income—and thus higher ETR and lesser tax avoidance–would ensue.Hence,as also highlighted by the fact that discretionary accruals do not appear to affect BTD,our evidence does not suggest that companies are exploiting tax manipulation to reduce their tax payments;thus,the gap between accounting and taxation seems largely unaf-fected by earnings management.

Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Intention of Students at Tan Trao University

Entrepreneurship is one of the popular choices for students after graduation from higher education.The study focuses on proposing a model to identify the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of students at Tan Trao University by researching some typical models in the world.By quantitative research methods based on a survey of 391 students,the study has shown that there are 5 factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of students at Tan Trao University,including opportunity,motivation,perception of behavioral control,skills and resources for entrepreneurship.Thereby,the study proposes a number of solutions for the students,the university and other related parties to promote students’entrepreneurial intentions.

Do biometric payment systems work during the COVID-19 pandemic?Insights from the Spanish users’viewpoint

Technological developments are changing how users pay for goods and services.In the context of the COVID-19(coronavirus disease 2019)pandemic,new payment systems have been established to reduce contact between buyer and seller.In addition to the pandemic,the future is payment processing is also uncertain due to the new EU security regulations of the Payment Services Directive(PSD2).Biometric payments one option that would guarantee the security of transactions and reduce the risk of conta-gion.This research analyses the intention to recommend the use of the mobile phone as a tool for collecting payments in a shop using iris reading as a biometric measure of the buyer.The moderating effect of the fear of contagion in the proposed relationships was also analysed.An online survey was carried out,which yielded a sample of 368 respondents.The results indicate that the main antecedents of intention to use,which precedes intention to recommend,are perceived trust,habit,personal innovativeness and comfort of use.Additionally,the moderating effect of COVID-19 was checked among users with a higher perception of risk.The results obtained have interesting implications for purchase management among manufacturers and retailers.

The witching week of herding on bitcoin exchanges

This paper analyses the herding behaviour among exchanges around the expiration of bitcoin futures traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange(CME).The database extends from December 2017 to October 2020,taking as a reference the main exchanges that trade bitcoin(Binance,Bitfinex,Bitstamp,Coinbase,itBit,Kraken,and Gemini)and using hourly closing prices and trading volumes in bitcoin and US dollars.Adapting the proposal of Chang,Cheng and Khorana(2000)(CCK)to test conditional herding,we obtain results that indicate that the herding effect is significant during the week before expiration.After expiration,the herding effect lasts for a few hours and disappears.Information overload originating,among other causes,from sophisticated investors’strategies may generate this mimetic behaviour.The results show the relevance of intraday data applied to specific events such as expiration since the unconditional analysis shows,in general,anti-herding behaviour throughout the period of study.

An OWL-Based Specification of Database Management Systems

In the context of a proliferation of DatabaseManagement Systems(DBMSs),we have envisioned and produced an OWL 2 ontology able to provide a high-level machine-processable description of the DBMSs domain.This conceptualization aims to facilitate a proper execution of various software engineering processes and database-focused administration tasks.Also,it can be used to improve the decision-making process for determining/selecting the appropriate DBMS,subject to specific requirements.The proposed model describes the most important features and aspects regarding the DBMS domain,including the support for various paradigms(relational,graph-based,key-value,tree-like,etc.),query languages,platforms(servers),plus running environments(desktop,Web,cloud),specific contexts—i.e.,focusing on optimizing queries,redundancy,security,performance,schema vs.schema-less approaches,programming languages/paradigms,and others.The process of populating the ontology with significant individuals(actual DBMSs)benefits from the existing knowledge exposed by free and open machine-processable knowledge bases,by using structured data fromWikipedia and related sources.The pragmatic use of our ontology is demonstrated by two educational software solutions based on current practices in Web application development,proving support for learning and experimenting key features of the actual semantic Web technologies and tools.This approach is also an example of using multiple knowledge from database systems,semanticWeb technologies,and software engineering areas.