Association between sporting event attendance and self-rated health:an analysis of multiyear cross-sectional national data in Japan

Background:This study examined the extent to which sporting event attendance is associated with self-rated health.Drawing from an economic model of health production and psychological research on the health benefits of psychosocial resources,sporting event attendance was hypothesized to have a positive relationship with selfrated health.Methods:A two-level multilevel ordered logistic regression was used to analyze multiyear cross-sectional data collected from national surveys in Japan.Results:The results demonstrate that,controlling for the effects of personal and environmental characteristics,sporting event attendance positively correlates with self-rated health over a 12-year period.Specifically,when compared to individuals who did not attend any sporting event during the past year,those who attended a sporting event were 33%more likely to indicate a higher level of self-rated health.Conclusions:These findings provide evidence for a positive association between sport spectatorship and the perception of general health and contribute to the literature examining the relationship between sport spectatorship and health outcomes.

Erratum to “Muscular Contraction Ability Develops in the Lower Trapezius Muscle of the Dominant Arm in Team Hand-Ball Players” [Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology Vol.6 No.5 (2015) 368-374]

Eleven male university team hand-ball players (22 shoulders) with 5 or more years of competitive team hand-ball experience who had no history of injuries were included in this study. We compared the thickness of the trapezius muscle between their dominant arm and non-dominant arm, to clarify the correlation between the muscle thickness and muscular strength during internal and external rotation in the shoulder joints used to throw a handball. We measured the thickness of the middle and lower trapezius muscles at an abduction angle of 90&deg descending by the ultrasonic LOGIQ e and measured internal and external rotational muscular strength of the glenohumeral joint by BIODEX. The players showed significantly greater thickness of the lower trapezius muscle during constriction in the dominant arm than that in the non-dominant arm. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between muscle thickness of the lower trapezius muscle and the muscular strength during internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint. It is highly probable that the height of the constricting ability in the lower trapezius muscle in the dominant arm is related to the prevention of throwing injuries.

Erratum to “Muscular Contraction Ability Develops in the Lower Trapezius Muscle of the Dominant Arm in Team Hand-Ball Players” [Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 6 (2015) 368-374]

Eleven male university team hand-ball players (22 shoulders) with 5 or more years of competitive team hand-ball experience who had no history of injuries were included in this study. We compared the thickness of the trapezius muscle between their dominant arm and non-dominant arm, to clarify the correlation between the muscle thickness and muscular strength during internal and external rotation in the shoulder joints used to throw a handball. We measured the thickness of the middle and lower trapezius muscles at an abduction angle of 90° descending by the ultrasonic LOGIQ e and measured internal and external rotational muscular strength of the glenohumeral joint by BIODEX. The players showed significantly greater thickness of the lower trapezius muscle during constriction in the dominant arm than that in the non-dominant arm. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between muscle thickness of the lower trapezius muscle and the muscular strength during internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint. It is highly probable that the height of the constricting ability in the lower trapezius muscle in the dominant arm is related to the prevention of throwing injuries.

Muscular Contraction Ability Develops in the Lower Trapezius Muscle of the Dominant Arm in Team Hand-Ball Players

Eleven male university team hand-ball players (22 shoulders) with 5 or more years of competitive team hand-ball experience who had no history of injuries were included in this study. We compared the thickness of the trapezius muscle between their dominant arm and non-dominant arm, to clarify the correlation between the muscle thickness and muscular strength during internal and external rotation in the shoulder joints used to throw a handball. We measured the thickness of the middle and lower trapezius muscles at an abduction angle of 90&deg descending by the ultrasonic LOGIQ e and measured internal and external rotational muscular strength of the glenohumeral joint by BIODEX. The players showed significantly greater thickness of the lower trapezius muscle during constriction in the dominant arm than that in the non-dominant arm. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between muscle thickness of the lower trapezius muscle and the muscular strength during internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint. It is highly probable that the height of the constricting ability in the lower trapezius muscle in the dominant arm is related to the prevention of throwing injuries.

Effects of slope gradient on runoff from bare-fallow purple soil in China under natural rainfall conditions

Purple soil is highly susceptible for overland flow and surface erosion, therefore understanding surface runoff and soil erosion processes in the purple soil region are important to mitigate flooding and erosion hazards. Slope angle is an important parameter that affects the magnitude of runoff and thus surface erosion in hilly landscapes or bare land area. However, the effect of slope on runoff generation remains unclear in many different soils including Chinese purple soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between different slope gradients and surface runoff for bare-fallow purple soil, using 5 m × 1.5 m experimental plots under natural rainfall conditions. Four experimental plots(10°, 16°, 20° and 26°) were established in theYanting Agro-ecological Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Science in central Sichuan Basin. The plot was equipped with water storage tank to monitor water level change. Field monitoring from July 1 to October 31, 2012 observed 42 rainfall events which produced surface runoff from the experimental plots. These water level changes were converted to runoff. The representative eight rainfall events were selected for further analysis, the relationship between slope and runoff coefficient were determined using ANOVA, F-test, and z-score analysis. The results indicated a strong correlation between rainfall and runoff in cumulative amount basis. The mean value of the measured runoff coefficient for four experimental plots was around 0.1. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between slope and runoff coefficient. We reviewed the relationship between slope and runoff in many previous studiesand calculated z-score to compare with our experimental results. The results of z-score analysis indicated that both positive and negative effects of slope on runoff coefficient were obtained, however a moderate gradient(16°-20° in this study) could be a threshold of runoff generation for many different soils including the Chinese purple soil.

Walking-friendly built environments and objectively measured physical function in older adults

Background:Few studies have examined the associations between urban design attributes and older adults’physical function.Especially,it is not well known how built-environment attributes may influence physical function in Asian cities.The aim of this study was to examine associations between objectively measured environmental attributes of walkability and objectively assessed physical function in a sample of Japanese older adults.Methods:Cross-sectional data collected in 2013 from 314 older residents(aged 65-84 years)living in Japan were used.Physical function was estimated from objectively measured upper-and lower-body function,mobility,and balance by a trained research team member.A comprehensive list of built-environment attributes,including population density,availability of destinations,intersection density,and distance to the nearest public transport station,were objectively calculated.Walk Score as a composite measure of neighborhood walkability was also obtained.Results:Among men,higher population density,availability of destinations,and intersection density were significantly associated with better physical function performance(1-legged stance with eyes open).Higher Walk Score was also marginally associated with better physical function performance(1-legged stance with eyes open).None of the environmental attributes were associated with physical function in elderly women.Conclusion:Our findings indicate that environmental attributes of walkability are associated with the physical function of elderly men in the context of Asia.Walking-friendly neighborhoods can not only promote older adults’active behaviors but can also support their physical function.

Delayed versus immediate intervention of ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations:A case report

BACKGROUND Brain arteriovenous malformations(bAVMs)remains one of the most prevalent causes of intracranial hemorrhage and stroke-like syndromes in the young adult population.Although it has been agreed upon that definitive treatment using either single or multi-modal approach is warranted for successful bAVM management,much debate still revolves regarding the optimal timing of definitive treatment.CASE SUMMARY In this report,we present a case of delayed,definitive endovascular treatment for ruptured bAVM in a 21-year-old female,3 mo post-ictus.The bAVM,with a left pericallosal feeding artery and cortical draining veins,was successfully obliterated through embolization using the Onyx 18.On follow-up the patient has recommenced her daily activities and experiences only mild occasional headaches with mild motor deficits.The report leads to our review on an important issue regarding the optimal timing of ruptured bAVM definitive management and bring forward the current evidence available on delayed vs immediate definitive bAVM intervention.We also highlight current issues that need to be addressed for clearer guidelines on definitive therapy initiation.CONCLUSION Current treatment paradigms of ruptured bAVM remains elusive,with substantial heterogeneity in the current literature.A consensus on the definition of“acute”vs“delayed”,management goal,follow-up length and outcome parameters are required to support formation of a clear paradigm.

Correlation between Non-Alcoholic Beverage Consumption and Alcohol Drinking Behavior among Japanese Youths

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the consumption of non-alcoholic beverages (such as non-alcoholic beer, non-alcoholic cocktails, and non-alcoholic wine) and alcohol drinking behavior among Japanese youths. Data from the Japan Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2011 were analyzed. The study subjects were 9775 high school students (5026 males and 4749 females) randomly selected from the 10th to the 12th grade in 102 high schools throughout Japan. The results indicated that the percentage of youths who had consumed non-alcoholic beverages was 25.8% among males (11.5%: “one time”;14.3%: “two or more times”) and 26.1% among females (12.2%: “one time”;13.9%: “two or more times”), which suggested that at least one in four Japanese high school students had consumed non-alcoholic beverages. Those students that had consumed non-alcoholic beverages were at a significantly higher risk for alcohol-related behaviors, including “ever drank alcohol”, “current alcohol use”, “current frequent alcohol use”, and “chugging”, when compared with students who had never consumed non-alcoholic beverages. The risk for alcohol-related behaviors was higher for students who had consumed non-alcoholic beverages two or more times than for those who had consumed them one time. Specifically, the odds ratio for “ever drank alcohol” in the “one time” group was 5.16 (95% CI: 4.22 - 6.30) for males and 4.27 (95% CI: 3.53 - 5.16) for females, while it was markedly high for those in the “two or more times” group, with males at 9.78 (95% CI: 7.88 - 12.14) and females at 7.59 (95% CI: 6.20 - 9.29). The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to continuously ascertain the prevalence of non-alcoholic beverage consumption among Japanese youths. In addition, alcohol drinking prevention in youths requires attention be paid not only to their consumption of alcoholic beverages, but also to their consumption of non-alcoholic beverages.

DNA microarray unravels rapid changes in transcriptome of MK-801 treated rat brain

AIM:To investigate the impact of MK-801 on gene expression patterns genome wide in rat brain regions. METHODS:Rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of MK-801 [0.08(low-dose) and 0.16(highdose) mg/kg] or NaC l(vehicle control). In a first series of experiment,the frontoparietal electrocorticogram was recorded 15 min before and 60 min after injection. In a second series of experiments,the whole brain of each animal was rapidly removed at 40 min post-injection,and different regions were separated:amygdala,cerebral cortex,hippocampus,hypothalamus,midbrain and ventral striatum on ice followed by DNA microarray(4 × 44 K whole rat genome chip) analysis.RESULTS:Spectral analysis revealed that a single systemic injection of MK-801 significantly and selectively augmented the power of baseline gamma frequency(30-80 Hz) oscillations in the frontoparietal electroencephalogram. DNA microarray analysis showed the largest number(up- and down- regulations) of gene expressions in the cerebral cortex(378),midbrain(376),hippocampus(375),ventral striatum(353),amygdala(301),and hypothalamus(201) under low-dose(0.08 mg/kg) of MK-801. Under high-dose(0.16 mg/kg),ventral striatum(811) showed the largest number of gene expression changes. Gene expression changes were functionally categorized to reveal expression of genes and function varies with each brain region.CONCLUSION:Acute MK-801 treatment increases synchrony of baseline gamma oscillations,and causes very early changes in gene expressions in six individual rat brain regions,a first report.

A Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Analysis of KOSHIWARI Exercise

The koshiwari(Sumo Squat)is a traditional exercise used for basic training for sumo wrestling,the national sport of Japan.This study compares and analyzes the kinetics and kinematics of the koshiwari and squat with wide-stance(WSQ)to provide insight related to the mechanical features of the koshiwari.Optical three-dimensional automatic analysis instruments were used to measure movements of 11 men during exercises.A force platform was used to measure floor reactions.Two movements were analyzed:koshiwari and WSQ.The koshiwari and WSQ were compared as analytical objectives,using paired t-tests corresponding to correction joint angles,angular impulse,and joint torques with the level of significance set under 5%.Koshiwari was found to involve markedly greater excursions of abduction(maximum and minimum angle,correction angle to 20%-60%)and external rotation(maximum and minimum angle)at the hip compared with the WSQ,as well as markedly less hip flexion(maximum angle,correction angle 10%-90%)and torso forward tilt(maximum angle,correction angle 30%-100%).Koshiwari also involved greater extension-flexion axis,abduction-adduction axis,external rotation-internal rotation axis angular impulse and flexion(10%-100%),adduction(40%-60%),and external rotation(20%)torques at the hip than WSQ exercises.Results suggest that hip external rotation torque is attributable to hip external rotator muscle activity.The activity can apparently reduce the risk of ACL(Anterior cruciate ligament)injuries and patellofemoral pain syndrome and improve athletic performance.

Knee Rotation in Relation to Laterality,Sex,Applied Torque,and Knee Angle

Rotational knee laxity is known as an intrinsic risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament injury.However,there was no convenient way to measure rotational range of motion.To this end,we developed the RotorMeter,a non-invasive external device intended to measure rotational range of motion of the knee.The purpose of this study is to use the RotorMeter to clarify the characteristics pertaining to the rotational range of motion of knee in healthy participants under varying conditions.A total of 23 healthy participants participated in the study.Torques of 2.5,5.0,and 7.5 Nm were applied at 90°,60°,and 30°angles of knee flexion to measure the rotational range of motion of knee using the RoterMeter.Female participants showed larger rotational range of motion than the males,and no laterality was observed at any flexion angle and applied torque.When different torques were applied at the same flexion angle,rotational range of motion significantly increased at all flexion angles with increased torque.When the same torque was applied at different flexion angles,no significant difference in rotational range of motion was observed at any of the flexion angles.

Look into my eyes:What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance?

Background:There is a growing interest to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that drive the positive associations of physical activity and fitness with measures of cognitive performance.To better understand those mechanisms,several studies have employed eye-based measures(e.g., eye movement measures such as saccades,pupillary measures such as pupil dilation,and vascular measures such as retinal vessel diameter)deemed to be proxies for specific neurobiological mechanisms.However,there is currently no systematic review providing a comprehensive overview of these studies in the field of exercise-cognition science.Thus,this review aimed to address that gap in the literature.Methods:To identify eligible studies,we searched 5 electronic databases on October 23,2022.Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise(TESTEX scale,for interventional studies) and the critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute(for cross-sectional studies).Results:Our systematic review(n=35 studies) offers the following main findings:(a) there is insufficient evidence available to draw solid conclusions concerning gaze-fixation-based measures;(b) the evidence that pupillometric measures,which are a proxy for the noradrenergic system,can explain the positive effect of acute exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive performance is mixed;(c) physical training-or fitness-related changes of the cerebrovascular system(operationalized via changes in retinal vasculature) are,in general,positively associated with cognitive performance improvements;(d) acute and chronic physical exercises show a positive effect based on an oculomotor-based measure function(operationalized via antisaccade tasks);and(e) the positive association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance is partly mediated by the dopaminergic system(operationalized via spontaneous eye-blink rate).Conclusion:This systematic review offers confirmation that eye-based measures can provide valuable insigt into the neurobiological mechanisms that may drive positive associations between physical activity and fitness and measures of cognitive performance.However,due to the limited number of studies utilizing specific methods for obtaining eye-based measures(e.g.,pupillometry,retinal vessel analysis,spontaneous eye blink rate) or investigating a possible dose-response relationship,further research is necessary before more nuanced conclusions can be drawn.Given that eye-based measures are economical and non-invasive,we hope this review will foster the future application of eye-based measures in the field of exercise-cognition science.

Plyometric exercise and bone health in children and adolescents: a systematic review

Background:Many jumping interventions have been performed in children and adolescents in order to improve bone-related variables and thus,ensure a healthy bone development during these periods and later in life.This systematic review aims to summarize and update present knowledge regarding the effects that jumping interventions may have on bone mass,structure and metabolism in order to ascertain the efficacy and durability (duration of the effects caused by the intervention) of the interventions.Data sources:Identification of studies was performed by searching in the database MEDLINE/PubMed and SportDiscus.Additional studies were identified by contacting clinical experts and searching bibliographies and abstracts.Search terms included 'bone and bones','jump*','weight-bearing','resistance training' and 'school intervention'.The search was conducted up to October 2014.Only studies that had performed a specific jumping intervention in under 18-year olds and had measured bone mass were included.Independent extraction of articles was done by 2 authors using predefined data fields.Results:A total of 26 studies were included in this review.Twenty-four studies found positive results as subjects included in the intervention groups showed higher bone mineral density,bone mineral content and bone structure improvements than controls.Only two studies found no effects on bone mass after a 10-week and 9-month intervention.Moreover,those studies that evaluated the durability of the effects found that some of the increases in the intervention groups were maintained after several years.Conclusions:Jumping interventions during childhood and adolescence improve bone mineral content,density and structural properties without side effects.These type of interventions should be therefore implemented when possible in order to increase bone mass in early stages of life,which may have a direct preventive effect on bone diseases like osteoporosis later in fife.

Morphometric and kinematic sperm subpopulations in split ejaculates of normozoospermic men

This study was designed to analyze the sperm kinematic and morphometric subpopulations in the different fractions of the ejaculate in normozoospermic men. Ejaculates from eight normozoospermic men were collected by masturbation in three fractions after 3-5 days of sexual abstinence. Analyses of sperm motility by computer-assisted sperm analysis （CASA-Mot）, and of sperm morphometry by computer-assisted sperm morphometry analysis （CASA-Morph） using fluorescence were performed. Clustering and discriminant procedures were performed to identify sperm subpopulations in the kinematic and morphometric data obtained. Clustering procedures resulted in the classification of spermatozoa into three kinematic subpopulations （slow with low ALH [35.6% of all motile spermatozoa], with circular trajectories [32.0%], and rapid with high ALH [32.4%]）, and three morphometric subpopulations （large-round [33.9% of all spermatozoa], elongated [32.0%], and small [34.10%]）. The distribution of kinematic sperm subpopulations was different among ejaculate fractions （P 〈 0.001）, with higher percentages of spermatozoa exhibiting slow movements with low ALH in the second and third portions, and with a more homogeneous distribution of kinematic sperm subpopulations in the first portion. The distribution of morphometric sperm subpopulations was also different among ejaculate fractions （P〈 0.001）, with more elongated spermatozoa in the first, and of small spermatozoa in the third, portion. It is concluded that important variations in the distribution of kinematic and morphometric sperm subpopulations exist between ejaculate fractions, with possible functional implications.

The Transition from Hospital to Home:Older People’s Experiences

The amount of older patients who are discharged from hospitals while continuing to need care is increasing in Norway. The transition between different care services has the potential for high rates of medication errors, incomplete or inaccurate information transfer, and lack of appropriate follow-up care. Thus, insight into the transition process is vital to understanding the complexity and vulnerability the patients are exposed to in this process. The aim of this phenomenological hermeneutic study was to describe and illuminate the lived experiences of older home residents during the transitions from hospital to home. Data were collected through narrative interviews, and an interpretation analysis based on a method developed by Lindseth and Norberg was conducted. Two themes and four subthemes, closely related to each other emerged from the structural analysis of the text: The theme “Relating to different systems of care” with the two subthemes “feeling disregarded” and “being humble”;and the theme “Adapting to life conditions” with the two subthemes “feeling vulnerable” and “coping with alterations”. The older people miss being seen as human beings as well as patients during the transition process. Despite the lack of information and participation in the transition process, they were grateful and humble to the systems of care they were a part of. This, however, also encompassed rejections of own needs. It is urgent that health care professionals focus on the older person’s individual needs and preferences. This means that care must be considered from the perspectives of the older person’s biographical as well as medical history, and the complexity of the situation.

Risk Factors for Shoulder Pain in Japanese Badminton Players： A Quantitative-Research Survey

This study aimed to elucidate the key risk factors for shoulder pain in Japanese middle school-, high school-, and university-level badminton players and use a regression formula to predict the probability of shoulder pain onset based on risk factor combinations. Based on a self-report questionnaire survey, we included 461 individuals （102 middle school students, 134 high school students, and 225 university students） with a history of shoulder pain in the previous year and 541 individuals with no shoulder pain in the previous year. Then, we performed logistic regression analysis of individual characteristics and history of shoulder pain to analyze the factors associated with shoulder pain onset. Analysis of patients excluding those currently experiencing shoulder pain indicated that a history of shoulder pain （〉 1 year previously） predicted shoulder pain onset. Analysis of patients excluding those with a history of shoulder pain indicated that undergoing care, being of university age, having a long history of competing, and short cool-down times were associated with recurrent pain. However, results were different for each age group. The fact that half the Japanese middle school, high school, and university badminton players had a history of shoulder pain suggests that they will experience recurrent shoulder pain. The results also suggest that different factors are important in each age group. Thus, it is critical to establish evidence-based countermeasures to prevent shoulder pain that interferes with play.

PM_(2.5)concentration declining saves health expenditure in China

Air pollution has been a severe issue in China.Exposure to PM_(2.5)has adverse health effects and causes economic losses.This study investigated the economic impact of exposure to PM_(2.5)pollution using monthly city-level data covering 88.3 million urban employees in 2016 and 2017.This study mainly focused on three expenditure indicators to measure the economic impact considering lower respiratory infections(LRIs),coronary heart disease(CHD),and stroke.The results show that a 10μg/m3 increase in PM_(2.5)would cause total monthly expenses of LRIs,CHD,and stroke to increase by 0.226%,0.237%,and 0.374%,respectively.We also found that LRI,CHD,and stroke hospital admissions increased significantly by 10%,8.42%,and 5.64%,respectively.Furthermore,the total hospital stays of LRIs,CHDs,and strokes increased by 2.49%,2.51%,and 1.64%,respectively.Our findings also suggest heterogeneous impacts of PM2s exposures by sex and across regions,but no statistical evidence shows significant differences between the older and younger adult subgroups.Our results provide several policy implications for reducing unequal public health expenditures in overpolutedcountries.

Comparison of different statistical approaches to evaluate morphometric sperm subpopulations in men

This study was designed to characterize morphometric sperm subpopulations in normozoospermic men by using different statistical methods and examining their suitability to classify correctly different sperm nuclear morphologies present in human ejaculates. Ejaculates from 21 normozoospermic men were collected for the study. After semen collection and analysis, samples were prepared for morphometric determination. At least 200 spermatozoa per sample were assessed for sperm morphometry by computer-assisted sperm morphometry analysis （CASA-Morph） using fluorescence. Clustering and discriminant procedures were performed to identify sperm subpopulations from the morphometric data obtained. Clustering procedures resulted in the classification of spermatozoa into three morphometric subpopulations （large-round 30.4%, small-round 46.6%, and large-elongated 22.9%）. In the second analysis, using discriminant methods, the classification was made independently of size and shape. Three morphological categories according to nuclear size （small 〈10.90 μm^2, intermediate 10.91-13.07 μm^2, and large 〉13.07 μm^2） and four categories were defined on 400 canonical cells （100 × 4） from 10 men according to sperm nuclear shape （oval, pyriform, round, and elongated）. Thereafter, the resulting classification functions were used to categorize 4200 spermatozoa from 21 men. Differences in the class distribution were observed among men from both clustering and discriminant procedures. It was concluded that the combination of CASA-Morph fluorescence-based technology with multivariate cluster or discriminant analyses provides new information on the description of different morphometric sperm subpopulations in normal individuals, and that important variations in the distribution of morphometric sperm subpopulations may exist between men, with possible functional implications.

Co-morbidity of malnutrition with falciparum malaria parasitaemia among children under the aged 6-59 months in Somalia:a geostatistical analysis

Background:Malnutrition and malaria are both significant causes of morbidity and mortality in African children.However,the extent of their spatial comorbidity remains unexplored and an understanding of their spatial correlation structure would inform improvement of integrated interventions.We aimed to determine the spatial correlation between both wasting and low mid upper arm circumference(MUAC)and falciparum malaria among Somalian children aged 6-59 months.Methods:Data were from 49227 children living in 888 villages between 2007 to 2010.We developed a Bayesian geostatistical shared component model in order to determine the common spatial distributions of wasting and falciparum malaria;and low-MUAC and falciparum malaria at 1×1 km spatial resolution.Results:The empirical correlations with malaria were 0.16 and 0.23 for wasting and low-MUAC respectively.Shared spatial residual effects were statistically significant for both wasting and low-MUAC.The posterior spatial relative risk was highest for low-MUAC and malaria(range:0.19 to 5.40)and relatively lower between wasting and malaria(range:0.11 to 3.55).Hotspots for both wasting and low-MUAC with malaria occurred in the South Central region in Somalia.Conclusions:The findings demonstrate a relationship between nutritional status and falciparum malaria parasitaemia,and support the use of the relatively simpler MUAC measurement in surveys.Shared spatial distribution and distinct hotspots present opportunities for targeted seasonal chemoprophylaxis and other forms of malaria prevention integrated within nutrition programmes.