Analysis of Sheep Lymphocyte Chromosomal Aberrations after Exposition to Chlortetracycline

Tetracyclines are broad spectrum antibiotics and one type of various their compounds—chlortetracycline has been successfully used for our cytogenetic studies. We have selected for these studies the chromosomal assay because it is wellknown cytogenetic biomarker, which has been used to assess DNA damage at the chromosomal level. We analyzed the chromosomal aberrations and mitotic index in peripheral lymphocytes of sheep exposed by chlortetracycline chloride in pure tap water. To the food of the experimental group of animals (à n = 6) were added also 0.35 gof preparation Aureovit12 C80 plv. a. u. v. per kg b. w. and day (i.e. 168 mg of chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg b. w.) daily in food. The frequencies of aberrant cells (ABC) in the experimental and control groups of sheep were stated to differ significantly (P = 0.001). In experimental group, chromatid breaks were the dominant type of chromosomal aberrations. No statistical differences in mitotic index values were found in the both groups (P > 0.05). Increased frequencies of chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of sheep exposed by chlortetracycline in food, suggested a potential hazard which needs the attention from the viewpoint of human and animal health. This knowledge is useful for all, for the human and veterinary medicine, as well as for the aquaculture. Many of these chlortetracycline substances for their environmental persistence and chemical unstability are present in the environment for various periods, and as a result, they are responsible for several effects on human and animal health through food chain.

Multiple magnetic transitions and magnetocaloric effect of Tb_(4)Coln alloy

We report on the magnetic,magnetocaloric,thermal,and electrical transport properties of Tb_(4)Coln alloy,which crystallizes in two phases,Tb_6Co_(2.1)In_(0.8)(space group Immm)and Tb_(2)In_(0.9)Co_(0.1)(space group P6_(3)/mmc),respectively.The alloy reveals three successive magnetic transitions around T_(1)(163 K),T_(2)(50 K),and T_(3)(29 K),respectively,associated with paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition and two sequential antiferromagnetic transitions.The low-temperature transition T_(3) follows the first-order magnetic behavior and exhibits the field-induced magnetic transition.Meanwhile,T_(2) and T_(1) are found to be second-order in nature which opens a possibility for hysteresis-free magnetocaloric application.The magnetocaloric properties are determined using different magnetocaloric figures of merits such as-ΔS_(M),ΔT_(ad).RCP,and TEC(10).Additionally,the universal curve behavior in the isothermal entropy change unveils the variation in critical exponents around T_(1) and T_(2) due to the magnetic inhomogeneity in the alloy.Besides,the electrical transport properties of the metallic alloy denote the maximum magnetoresistance of-10%around T_(1).

Magnetocaloric and magneto-transport properties of Gd_(10)Co_(20)Si_(70) alloy

We report the results of magnetic, thermodynamic, transport and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) studies of newly synthesized Gd_(10)Co_(20)Si_(70) alloy. These measurements confirm an antiferromagnetic transition at T_N=9 K. Both MCE and magnetoresistance (MR) show quadratic dependence on the applied magnetic field, indicating the presence of spin fluctuations in the alloy. The maximum values of the magnetic entropy change determined from the isothermal magnetization data for magnetic field change of 7 and9 T are found to be 10.5 and 15.6 J/kg·K, respectively. As a consequence of the spin fluctuations effect, the MCE peaks are pulled towards high temperature side as asymmetrically broadened peak. The MR attains a large positive value of 73%at 2 K in 8 T. The large MR and reversible MCE make this alloy an attractive multifunctional magnetic material.

Calculating the Silicon in Horsetail(Equisetum arvense L.)during the Vegetation Season

Horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) is a perennial herb which creates during the life cycle spring and summer stems. The selected species and populations were monitored in the years 2009-2011 in three different natural locations in Laborecká vrchovina (Slovakia). Samples were collected by destructive methods in all three locations. Silicon content was determined in dry biomass by AAS. Silicon content in plants ranged from 21.11 ± 3.24 g·kg-1 to 32.80 ± 8.03 g·kg-1. The highest content of silicon exhibited samples of the September collection. We found that the location and the year in terms of silicon content were not statistically significant. The main sources for statistical variability in the accumulation of silicon were during the collections.

Soil Environmental Index For Slovak Agricultural Land

The soil environmental index(SEI),which is a four digit code system,represents relatively homogenous spatial unit with specific soil capacity to provide ecological or non-production functions.This work aimed to present information on rating and economic evaluation of SEI,which is a spatial identifier used for expressing heterogeneity of Slovak agricultural soil to support analysis of soil ecological functions.In this study,SEI index expressed the capacity of soil to accumulate water,immobilise the risk elements and substances and transform risk substances(organic pollutants).Partial evaluations of soil capacity to provide above mentioned functions were used to derive final SEI values.Within the agricultural soils of Slovakia there were 493 combinations of soil environmental index.Each index was expressed through rating(point)value and economic value.Average value of Slovak agricultural land to provide selected ecological soil functions was 55.3 points,which corresponded to 35.946 billionper agricultural land or approximately 1.42per square meter.Spatial identification of SEI codes and relevant database were developed in vector form via geographical information systems of Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute,Bratislava.In addition to using the national soil database system,a strategy was presented for evaluating and pricing of soil ecological function,and the development of an soil environmental index.Assessment and evaluation of vitally important soil functions expressed by SEI can significantly contribute to planning and protection of the soil,and can regulate indiscriminate anthropic interventions in land use decisions.

Geographical clines in the size of the herb field mouse(Apodemus uralensis)

Patterns of body size variation along geographical gradients have long been searched for and generalized into eco-geographical rules.However,no rodent species has yet been analyzed in relation to the 3 dimensions of latitude,longitude and altitude.We analyzed geographical clines and dimorphism of body and skull size in the herb field mouse(Apodemus uralensis)across the species range,based on field data and on data from the literature.Sexual dimorphism in adult A.uralensis was not expressed at a large scale,while local patterns were inconsistent.Age-dependent size changes were most expressed in adult individuals:most characters of adults exceeded in size those of subadults,while subadult-juvenile size differences were only significant in body weight and length,zygomatic skull width,length of cranial diastema and breadth of braincase.Despite central morphological niches along the clines being separated,A.uralensis populations showed a high degree of size overlap in morphological space.We found the species to be characterized by high size variability,with the largest individuals inhabiting the eastern and southern edges of the distribution range.Tail,hind foot and ear lengths were largest in the southern part of the range,in agreement with Allen’s rule.The main measurements that we analyzed,namely body mass,zygomatic skull width and condylobasal skull length,show the presence of 3 clines in the size of adult A.uralensis:(i)a decreasing south-north cline,opposing Bergmann’s rule;(ii)an increasing west-east cline,in accordance with Murphy’s rule;and(iii)an increasing altitudinal cline.